[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"grammar-exercise-019d361a-d99c-7129-8100-95efbe0fb74c":3,"grammar-exercise-lesson-019b7f66-b1e0-7f7e-8efb-a9853febaf95":252},["Reactive",4],{"id":5,"grammarPage":6,"title":7,"instructions":8,"displayOrder":9,"questions":10},"019d361a-d99c-7129-8100-95efbe0fb74c","\u002Fapi\u002Fgrammar_pages\u002F019b7f66-b1e0-7f7e-8efb-a9853febaf95","Past Perfect - A Day at Work","Fill in the blanks with the correct Past Perfect forms. Consider what tasks you had completed before the meeting at work. Click on each blank and choose the right answer from the dropdown.",0,[11,33,51,81,100,119,138,157,176,195,214,233],{"id":12,"sentenceTemplate":13,"displayOrder":9,"explanation":14,"exampleSentence":15,"blanks":16},"019d361b-e326-7c73-8d52-d330f382c37a","By the time the manager arrived, I __1__ the report.","Use the Past Perfect (had finished) to show that completing the report happened before another past action (the manager's arrival). The time phrase 'by the time' signals this sequence of past events.","By the time my colleague called, I had sent the email.",[17],{"id":18,"blankNumber":19,"options":20},"019d361b-e324-792e-a967-53c024773aeb",1,[21,25,29],{"id":22,"optionText":23,"isCorrect":24,"displayOrder":9},"019d361b-e324-7542-a967-53c023bb54e6","finished",false,{"id":26,"optionText":27,"isCorrect":28,"displayOrder":19},"019d361b-e324-75da-a967-53c023df95a5","had finished",true,{"id":30,"optionText":31,"isCorrect":24,"displayOrder":32},"019d361b-e324-763e-a967-53c0243d8166","have finished",2,{"id":34,"sentenceTemplate":35,"displayOrder":19,"explanation":36,"exampleSentence":37,"blanks":38},"019d361b-e326-7e23-8d52-d330f555aaec","She __1__ three clients before lunch.","Use the Past Perfect (had met) because the action was completed before a specific past time (lunch). The word 'before' indicates that one past action preceded another past point in time.","He had checked his messages before the meeting started.",[39],{"id":40,"blankNumber":19,"options":41},"019d361b-e326-7dd3-8d52-d330f502261d",[42,45,48],{"id":43,"optionText":44,"isCorrect":28,"displayOrder":9},"019d361b-e326-7d47-8d52-d330f3d2415c","had met",{"id":46,"optionText":47,"isCorrect":24,"displayOrder":19},"019d361b-e326-7d83-8d52-d330f4438242","has met",{"id":49,"optionText":50,"isCorrect":24,"displayOrder":32},"019d361b-e326-7daf-8d52-d330f44bf359","met",{"id":52,"sentenceTemplate":53,"displayOrder":32,"explanation":54,"exampleSentence":55,"blanks":56},"019d361b-e327-700f-a788-c57c52ed2837","__1__ you __2__ the presentation before the boss asked for it?","Use the Past Perfect question form (Had you prepared) to ask if one past action was completed before another past action. The time marker 'before the boss asked' shows the sequence of events.","Had they reviewed the contract before the client signed it?",[57,69],{"id":58,"blankNumber":19,"options":59},"019d361b-e326-7edb-8d52-d330f7d39d88",[60,63,66],{"id":61,"optionText":62,"isCorrect":24,"displayOrder":9},"019d361b-e326-7e73-8d52-d330f63a13a9","Did",{"id":64,"optionText":65,"isCorrect":24,"displayOrder":19},"019d361b-e326-7e97-8d52-d330f6c4dee7","Have",{"id":67,"optionText":68,"isCorrect":28,"displayOrder":32},"019d361b-e326-7ebb-8d52-d330f771c765","Had",{"id":70,"blankNumber":32,"options":71},"019d361b-e326-7f73-8d52-d330fa3042d2",[72,75,78],{"id":73,"optionText":74,"isCorrect":28,"displayOrder":9},"019d361b-e326-7f0f-8d52-d330f896fe2b","prepared",{"id":76,"optionText":77,"isCorrect":24,"displayOrder":19},"019d361b-e326-7f33-8d52-d330f91befa0","prepare",{"id":79,"optionText":80,"isCorrect":24,"displayOrder":32},"019d361b-e326-7f53-8d52-d330f95c16f8","preparing",{"id":82,"sentenceTemplate":83,"displayOrder":84,"explanation":85,"exampleSentence":86,"blanks":87},"019d361b-e327-7217-a788-c57c57f34c46","When I checked my inbox, my assistant __1__ all the urgent emails.",4,"Use the Past Perfect (had already answered) to show that answering the emails was completed before the moment of checking the inbox. The word 'already' emphasizes that the action was finished earlier.","When the meeting began, the manager had already distributed the agenda.",[88],{"id":89,"blankNumber":19,"options":90},"019d361b-e327-71df-a788-c57c57e7d42e",[91,94,97],{"id":92,"optionText":93,"isCorrect":24,"displayOrder":9},"019d361b-e327-7167-a788-c57c56df4df3","already answered",{"id":95,"optionText":96,"isCorrect":28,"displayOrder":19},"019d361b-e327-719b-a788-c57c5746da4a","had already answered",{"id":98,"optionText":99,"isCorrect":24,"displayOrder":32},"019d361b-e327-71bf-a788-c57c57a421e3","has already answered",{"id":101,"sentenceTemplate":102,"displayOrder":103,"explanation":104,"exampleSentence":105,"blanks":106},"019d361b-e327-7303-a788-c57c596f3202","We couldn't find the files because someone __1__ them in the wrong folder.",5,"Use the Past Perfect (had saved) because saving the files in the wrong place happened before the past moment when we tried to find them. This earlier action explains why we couldn't find them.","The printer didn't work because no one had refilled the paper tray.",[107],{"id":108,"blankNumber":19,"options":109},"019d361b-e327-72cb-a788-c57c5964b88d",[110,113,116],{"id":111,"optionText":112,"isCorrect":24,"displayOrder":9},"019d361b-e327-725f-a788-c57c582096bb","saved",{"id":114,"optionText":115,"isCorrect":28,"displayOrder":19},"019d361b-e327-728b-a788-c57c586834bb","had saved",{"id":117,"optionText":118,"isCorrect":24,"displayOrder":32},"019d361b-e327-72ab-a788-c57c595dd53c","has saved",{"id":120,"sentenceTemplate":121,"displayOrder":122,"explanation":123,"exampleSentence":124,"blanks":125},"019d361b-e327-73df-a788-c57c5bf1a10c","He __1__ the sales figures to the client yet when the meeting started.",6,"Use the Past Perfect negative (hadn't sent) with 'yet' to show that an action was not completed before another past moment (when the meeting started). This form emphasizes the incomplete state at that past time.","She hadn't finished the budget report yet when her supervisor asked for it.",[126],{"id":127,"blankNumber":19,"options":128},"019d361b-e327-73a7-a788-c57c5b6ce1a9",[129,132,135],{"id":130,"optionText":131,"isCorrect":28,"displayOrder":9},"019d361b-e327-7347-a788-c57c5a0808bf","hadn't sent",{"id":133,"optionText":134,"isCorrect":24,"displayOrder":19},"019d361b-e327-736b-a788-c57c5a41aeaa","hasn't sent",{"id":136,"optionText":137,"isCorrect":24,"displayOrder":32},"019d361b-e327-7387-a788-c57c5afbc12f","didn't send",{"id":139,"sentenceTemplate":140,"displayOrder":141,"explanation":142,"exampleSentence":143,"blanks":144},"019d361b-e327-74d7-a788-c57c5eff430c","The receptionist told me that my colleague __1__ for the day.",7,"Use the Past Perfect (had left) in reported information to show that leaving happened before the moment of telling. When reporting past situations, the Past Perfect shows the earlier action.","My manager said that the client had cancelled the appointment.",[145],{"id":146,"blankNumber":19,"options":147},"019d361b-e327-747f-a788-c57c5e5a9fb6",[148,151,154],{"id":149,"optionText":150,"isCorrect":24,"displayOrder":9},"019d361b-e327-7423-a788-c57c5c182f90","left",{"id":152,"optionText":153,"isCorrect":28,"displayOrder":19},"019d361b-e327-7443-a788-c57c5cf8b26d","had left",{"id":155,"optionText":156,"isCorrect":24,"displayOrder":32},"019d361b-e327-7463-a788-c57c5d7a8fdc","has left",{"id":158,"sentenceTemplate":159,"displayOrder":160,"explanation":161,"exampleSentence":162,"blanks":163},"019d361b-e327-76a3-a788-c57c6402ba8d","How many contracts __1__ before the end of the quarter?",9,"Use the Past Perfect question form (had they signed) to ask about actions completed before a specific past time (the end of the quarter). The time phrase 'before the end' signals this earlier completion.","How many reports had she written before the deadline?",[164],{"id":165,"blankNumber":19,"options":166},"019d361b-e327-766b-a788-c57c63197782",[167,170,173],{"id":168,"optionText":169,"isCorrect":28,"displayOrder":9},"019d361b-e327-760b-a788-c57c6134fd7e","had they signed",{"id":171,"optionText":172,"isCorrect":24,"displayOrder":19},"019d361b-e327-762b-a788-c57c6180fe83","they signed",{"id":174,"optionText":175,"isCorrect":24,"displayOrder":32},"019d361b-e327-764b-a788-c57c6244a43a","have they signed",{"id":177,"sentenceTemplate":178,"displayOrder":179,"explanation":180,"exampleSentence":181,"blanks":182},"019d361b-e327-777b-a788-c57c666c76cd","The office was empty because everyone __1__ home early.",10,"Use the Past Perfect (had gone) to explain a past situation. Going home happened before the moment when the office was empty, so the Past Perfect shows the cause of the later past state.","The conference room was messy because the previous team had left their materials.",[183],{"id":184,"blankNumber":19,"options":185},"019d361b-e327-7743-a788-c57c66492a57",[186,189,192],{"id":187,"optionText":188,"isCorrect":24,"displayOrder":9},"019d361b-e327-76e3-a788-c57c6493f632","went",{"id":190,"optionText":191,"isCorrect":28,"displayOrder":19},"019d361b-e327-7707-a788-c57c658f2a91","had gone",{"id":193,"optionText":194,"isCorrect":24,"displayOrder":32},"019d361b-e327-7723-a788-c57c66299443","has gone",{"id":196,"sentenceTemplate":197,"displayOrder":198,"explanation":199,"exampleSentence":200,"blanks":201},"019d361b-e327-785b-a788-c57c694fcd68","My supervisor asked if I __1__ the training course.",11,"Use the Past Perfect (had completed) in reported questions about past events. The asking happened in the past, and completing the course would have been before that past moment.","The HR manager asked if we had submitted our timesheets.",[202],{"id":203,"blankNumber":19,"options":204},"019d361b-e327-7823-a788-c57c68b108e7",[205,208,211],{"id":206,"optionText":207,"isCorrect":24,"displayOrder":9},"019d361b-e327-77bf-a788-c57c6724e723","completed",{"id":209,"optionText":210,"isCorrect":28,"displayOrder":19},"019d361b-e327-77df-a788-c57c675c947b","had completed",{"id":212,"optionText":213,"isCorrect":24,"displayOrder":32},"019d361b-e327-7803-a788-c57c68016cfe","have completed",{"id":215,"sentenceTemplate":216,"displayOrder":217,"explanation":218,"exampleSentence":219,"blanks":220},"019d361b-e327-7943-a788-c57c6b9110cd","They __1__ the new software before the system upgrade.",12,"Use the Past Perfect negative (hadn't tested) to show that testing was not done before another past event (the system upgrade). The word 'before' indicates the sequence of past actions.","We hadn't backed up the data before the computer crashed.",[221],{"id":222,"blankNumber":19,"options":223},"019d361b-e327-790b-a788-c57c6b62b1b1",[224,227,230],{"id":225,"optionText":226,"isCorrect":28,"displayOrder":9},"019d361b-e327-789f-a788-c57c69e8a198","hadn't tested",{"id":228,"optionText":229,"isCorrect":24,"displayOrder":19},"019d361b-e327-78c3-a788-c57c69edf53a","haven't tested",{"id":231,"optionText":232,"isCorrect":24,"displayOrder":32},"019d361b-e327-78e3-a788-c57c6a92400a","didn't test",{"id":234,"sentenceTemplate":235,"displayOrder":236,"explanation":237,"exampleSentence":238,"blanks":239},"019d361b-e327-7af7-a788-c57c70335eae","The IT department __1__ the problem before we even reported it.",14,"Use the Past Perfect (had fixed) because fixing the problem was completed before another past action (reporting it). The phrase 'before we even reported' emphasizes that the first action was already finished.","The manager had approved the request before I asked about it.",[240],{"id":241,"blankNumber":19,"options":242},"019d361b-e327-7abf-a788-c57c6fca2e3e",[243,246,249],{"id":244,"optionText":245,"isCorrect":24,"displayOrder":9},"019d361b-e327-7a5f-a788-c57c6eebf18d","fixed",{"id":247,"optionText":248,"isCorrect":28,"displayOrder":19},"019d361b-e327-7a83-a788-c57c6eee3744","had fixed",{"id":250,"optionText":251,"isCorrect":24,"displayOrder":32},"019d361b-e327-7aa3-a788-c57c6f1f95a1","have fixed",{"title":253,"slug":254,"language":255},"Past Perfect","past-perfect","en"]