[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"grammar-exercise-019d43b0-5eac-7d3c-9aa9-8af7165be799":3,"grammar-exercise-lesson-019b986e-3c6a-72a3-9d42-65053d9e4657":214},["Reactive",4],{"id":5,"grammarPage":6,"title":7,"instructions":8,"displayOrder":9,"questions":10},"019d43b0-5eac-7d3c-9aa9-8af7165be799","\u002Fapi\u002Fgrammar_pages\u002F019b986e-3c6a-72a3-9d42-65053d9e4657","Past Perfect - Business Trip","This is a fill-in-the-blank exercise about a business trip and a vacation.\nClick on each blank and choose the correct answer from the dropdown.\nUse the correct past perfect form to show the order of events.\nSome sentences may have more than one blank, so make sure you complete all of them.",0,[11,33,51,69,88,107,126,157,176,195],{"id":12,"sentenceTemplate":13,"displayOrder":9,"explanation":14,"exampleSentence":15,"blanks":16},"019d43b1-57db-7aaf-b06c-10a2b53ba3b1","When the CEO arrived at the conference, the keynote speaker __1__.","Use the past perfect to show that the keynote speaker had already started speaking before the CEO's arrival in the past. The time marker 'when the CEO arrived' indicates the later past action.","When I got to the meeting room, my colleagues had already begun the presentation.",[17],{"id":18,"blankNumber":19,"options":20},"019d43b1-57d9-783d-ab16-1b5ec946ee3a",1,[21,25,29],{"id":22,"optionText":23,"isCorrect":24,"displayOrder":9},"019d43b1-57d9-73fd-ab16-1b5ec87887c8","had already started",true,{"id":26,"optionText":27,"isCorrect":28,"displayOrder":19},"019d43b1-57d9-74c1-ab16-1b5ec8862331","already started",false,{"id":30,"optionText":31,"isCorrect":28,"displayOrder":32},"019d43b1-57d9-7529-ab16-1b5ec927b377","has already started",2,{"id":34,"sentenceTemplate":35,"displayOrder":9,"explanation":36,"exampleSentence":37,"blanks":38},"019d43be-adea-7eb4-971a-3184e221a14e","When I arrived at the airport, I realized I __1__ my passport at home.","Use the past perfect to show that leaving the passport happened before the realization in the past. The arrival at the airport is the later past event.","When she opened her suitcase, she realized she had forgotten her laptop.",[39],{"id":40,"blankNumber":19,"options":41},"019d43be-adeb-702b-8d53-aae0fef30949",[42,45,48],{"id":43,"optionText":44,"isCorrect":28,"displayOrder":9},"019d43be-adeb-70cf-8d53-aae0ff3487a1","have left",{"id":46,"optionText":47,"isCorrect":28,"displayOrder":9},"019d43be-adeb-7123-8d53-aae0ffd5fc75","left",{"id":49,"optionText":50,"isCorrect":24,"displayOrder":9},"019d43be-adeb-7147-8d53-aae100068a93","had left",{"id":52,"sentenceTemplate":53,"displayOrder":32,"explanation":54,"exampleSentence":55,"blanks":56},"019d43b1-57db-7e0f-b06c-10a2ba778f85","The flight was delayed because the airline __1__ a technical problem before takeoff.","Use the past perfect to show that discovering the problem happened before the flight was delayed. The word 'before' reinforces the sequence of past events.","The project was postponed because the team had found errors in the data.",[57],{"id":58,"blankNumber":19,"options":59},"019d43b1-57db-7dd3-b06c-10a2b986614d",[60,63,66],{"id":61,"optionText":62,"isCorrect":28,"displayOrder":9},"019d43b1-57db-7d6b-b06c-10a2b8fa86e2","discovered",{"id":64,"optionText":65,"isCorrect":24,"displayOrder":19},"019d43b1-57db-7d93-b06c-10a2b919aede","had discovered",{"id":67,"optionText":68,"isCorrect":28,"displayOrder":32},"019d43b1-57db-7db3-b06c-10a2b970f23a","has discovered",{"id":70,"sentenceTemplate":71,"displayOrder":72,"explanation":73,"exampleSentence":74,"blanks":75},"019d43b1-57db-7efb-b06c-10a2bdc5af5c","By the time we reached the hotel, the reception desk __1__ for the night.",3,"Use the past perfect after 'by the time' to show that the closing was completed before we reached the hotel. This time expression typically requires the past perfect.","By the time the meeting started, the director had left the office.",[76],{"id":77,"blankNumber":19,"options":78},"019d43b1-57db-7ebf-b06c-10a2bd538dea",[79,82,85],{"id":80,"optionText":81,"isCorrect":28,"displayOrder":9},"019d43b1-57db-7e9f-b06c-10a2bc96a5f3","was closing",{"id":83,"optionText":84,"isCorrect":28,"displayOrder":19},"019d43b1-57db-7e7b-b06c-10a2bbd172c8","already closed",{"id":86,"optionText":87,"isCorrect":24,"displayOrder":32},"019d43b1-57db-7e57-b06c-10a2bb560581","had already closed",{"id":89,"sentenceTemplate":90,"displayOrder":91,"explanation":92,"exampleSentence":93,"blanks":94},"019d43b1-57dc-7073-9f5e-e11f8a0b76e5","Our competitors __1__ the contract by the time we submitted our bid.",4,"Use the past perfect to show that winning the contract happened before we submitted our bid. The word 'by the time' signals the earlier action needs the past perfect.","The supplier had already shipped the order before we cancelled it.",[95],{"id":96,"blankNumber":19,"options":97},"019d43b1-57dc-7033-9f5e-e11f89377f69",[98,101,104],{"id":99,"optionText":100,"isCorrect":28,"displayOrder":9},"019d43b1-57dc-700f-9f5e-e11f88be2bf9","have already won",{"id":102,"optionText":103,"isCorrect":24,"displayOrder":19},"019d43b1-57db-7f57-b06c-10a2be46fb2a","had already won",{"id":105,"optionText":106,"isCorrect":28,"displayOrder":32},"019d43b1-57db-7f7b-b06c-10a2beb34e59","already won",{"id":108,"sentenceTemplate":109,"displayOrder":110,"explanation":111,"exampleSentence":112,"blanks":113},"019d43b1-57dc-723f-9f5e-e11f8f476ee3","The hotel manager explained that they __1__ our reservation in their system.",6,"Use the past perfect negative to show that not receiving the reservation happened before the manager's explanation. This reports an earlier past situation from a past perspective.","The accountant said that the payment had not arrived by the deadline.",[114],{"id":115,"blankNumber":19,"options":116},"019d43b1-57dc-7207-9f5e-e11f8e9bd041",[117,120,123],{"id":118,"optionText":119,"isCorrect":28,"displayOrder":9},"019d43b1-57dc-71c7-9f5e-e11f8d8b5bf5","did not receive",{"id":121,"optionText":122,"isCorrect":28,"displayOrder":19},"019d43b1-57dc-71eb-9f5e-e11f8dd390e6","have not received",{"id":124,"optionText":125,"isCorrect":24,"displayOrder":32},"019d43b1-57dc-71a7-9f5e-e11f8d2e954a","had not received",{"id":127,"sentenceTemplate":128,"displayOrder":129,"explanation":130,"exampleSentence":131,"blanks":132},"019d43b1-57dc-7497-9f5e-e11f96dd3c47","__1__ the finance team __2__ the budget before the meeting started?",8,"Use the past perfect question form (Had + subject + past participle) to ask about an action completed before another past event. The meeting is the reference point in the past.","Had the manager signed the contract before the deadline?",[133,145],{"id":134,"blankNumber":19,"options":135},"019d43b1-57dc-73cf-9f5e-e11f94b7967d",[136,139,142],{"id":137,"optionText":138,"isCorrect":28,"displayOrder":9},"019d43b1-57dc-73af-9f5e-e11f9461dfaf","Have",{"id":140,"optionText":141,"isCorrect":24,"displayOrder":19},"019d43b1-57dc-7383-9f5e-e11f93c155fa","Had",{"id":143,"optionText":144,"isCorrect":28,"displayOrder":32},"019d43b1-57dc-735f-9f5e-e11f931dce66","Did",{"id":146,"blankNumber":32,"options":147},"019d43b1-57dc-745f-9f5e-e11f96c637e4",[148,151,154],{"id":149,"optionText":150,"isCorrect":24,"displayOrder":9},"019d43b1-57dc-7403-9f5e-e11f9589bec0","already approved",{"id":152,"optionText":153,"isCorrect":28,"displayOrder":19},"019d43b1-57dc-7423-9f5e-e11f95baff9b","approved",{"id":155,"optionText":156,"isCorrect":28,"displayOrder":32},"019d43b1-57dc-743f-9f5e-e11f96423d3e","been approved",{"id":158,"sentenceTemplate":159,"displayOrder":160,"explanation":161,"exampleSentence":162,"blanks":163},"019d43b1-57dc-759f-9f5e-e11f9a745b29","The conference venue was empty when we arrived because the event __1__ an hour earlier.",9,"Use the past perfect to show that the event finished before our arrival. The time expression “an hour earlier” makes the sequence of past events clear.","The restaurant was closed because the staff had already left for the day.",[164],{"id":165,"blankNumber":19,"options":166},"019d43b1-57dc-7567-9f5e-e11f999dcd5c",[167,170,173],{"id":168,"optionText":169,"isCorrect":24,"displayOrder":9},"019d43b1-57dc-750b-9f5e-e11f979386a6","had already finished",{"id":171,"optionText":172,"isCorrect":28,"displayOrder":19},"019d43b1-57dc-752b-9f5e-e11f98592be7","finished",{"id":174,"optionText":175,"isCorrect":28,"displayOrder":32},"019d43b1-57dc-754b-9f5e-e11f9954ad75","has finished",{"id":177,"sentenceTemplate":178,"displayOrder":179,"explanation":180,"exampleSentence":181,"blanks":182},"019d43b1-57dc-767b-9f5e-e11f9c54d320","__1__ the documents before the deadline?",10,"Use the past perfect question form (Had + subject + past participle) to ask about an action completed before a past reference point.","Had they completed the report before the meeting started?",[183],{"id":184,"blankNumber":19,"options":185},"019d43b1-57dc-7643-9f5e-e11f9bd1efe8",[186,189,192],{"id":187,"optionText":188,"isCorrect":28,"displayOrder":9},"019d43b1-57dc-7603-9f5e-e11f9ab75726","Was the team finalizing",{"id":190,"optionText":191,"isCorrect":24,"displayOrder":19},"019d43b1-57dc-75e3-9f5e-e11f9aa79d98","Had the team finalized",{"id":193,"optionText":194,"isCorrect":28,"displayOrder":32},"019d43b1-57dc-7623-9f5e-e11f9b461a72","Has the team finalized",{"id":196,"sentenceTemplate":197,"displayOrder":198,"explanation":199,"exampleSentence":200,"blanks":201},"019d43b1-57dc-7763-9f5e-e11f9f44c3e9","The negotiation went smoothly because both companies __1__ their positions beforehand.",11,"Use the past perfect to show that clarifying positions happened before the negotiation went smoothly. The word 'beforehand' indicates the earlier preparation.","The launch was successful because the team had tested the product thoroughly.",[202],{"id":203,"blankNumber":19,"options":204},"019d43b1-57dc-771f-9f5e-e11f9eca7460",[205,208,211],{"id":206,"optionText":207,"isCorrect":24,"displayOrder":9},"019d43b1-57dc-76e3-9f5e-e11f9d49f8d1","had already clarified",{"id":209,"optionText":210,"isCorrect":28,"displayOrder":19},"019d43b1-57dc-7703-9f5e-e11f9dffc46a","have already clarified",{"id":212,"optionText":213,"isCorrect":28,"displayOrder":32},"019d43b1-57dc-76bf-9f5e-e11f9cf512d9","already clarified",{"title":215,"slug":216,"language":217},"Past Perfect (B2)","past-perfect-b2","en"]