[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"grammar-exercise-019d43b0-5ead-7a4e-9c52-7e698d0b5c82":3,"grammar-exercise-lesson-019b986e-3c6a-72a3-9d42-65053d9e4657":238},["Reactive",4],{"id":5,"grammarPage":6,"title":7,"instructions":8,"displayOrder":9,"questions":10},"019d43b0-5ead-7a4e-9c52-7e698d0b5c82","\u002Fapi\u002Fgrammar_pages\u002F019b986e-3c6a-72a3-9d42-65053d9e4657","Past Perfect - Vacations","This is a fill-in-the-blank exercise about a business trip and a vacation.\nClick on each blank and choose the correct answer from the dropdown.\nUse the correct past perfect form to show the order of events.\nSome sentences may have more than one blank, so make sure you complete all of them.",1,[11,33,51,70,89,108,127,146,162,181,200,219],{"id":12,"sentenceTemplate":13,"displayOrder":9,"explanation":14,"exampleSentence":15,"blanks":16},"019d440d-471a-73c2-b218-fb5836a87030","The tour guide explained that the ancient ruins __1__ by archaeologists just two years before our visit.","Use the past perfect to show that the discovery happened before the tour guide's explanation. The time marker 'two years before our visit' signals an earlier past action.","The museum curator mentioned that the artifacts had been discovered in the 1990s.",[17],{"id":18,"blankNumber":9,"options":19},"019d440d-471a-7376-b218-fb583625320b",[20,25,29],{"id":21,"optionText":22,"isCorrect":23,"displayOrder":24},"019d440d-471a-72e6-b218-fb5835179973","were discovered",false,0,{"id":26,"optionText":27,"isCorrect":28,"displayOrder":9},"019d440d-471a-7326-b218-fb58353b5f91","had been discovered",true,{"id":30,"optionText":31,"isCorrect":23,"displayOrder":32},"019d440d-471a-7352-b218-fb5835e73578","have been discovered",2,{"id":34,"sentenceTemplate":35,"displayOrder":32,"explanation":36,"exampleSentence":37,"blanks":38},"019d440d-471a-74e6-b218-fb58394abcfb","We couldn't go snorkeling because we __1__ our equipment at home.","Use the past perfect to show that leaving the equipment happened before the moment when snorkeling was impossible. The past perfect (had left) explains the reason for the past situation.","They couldn't board the plane because they had forgotten their passports.",[39],{"id":40,"blankNumber":9,"options":41},"019d440d-471a-7476-b218-fb5838ffd5cc",[42,45,48],{"id":43,"optionText":44,"isCorrect":28,"displayOrder":24},"019d440d-471a-7412-b218-fb583765edfd","had left",{"id":46,"optionText":47,"isCorrect":23,"displayOrder":9},"019d440d-471a-7436-b218-fb5837b0085c","have left",{"id":49,"optionText":50,"isCorrect":23,"displayOrder":32},"019d440d-471a-7456-b218-fb5838664ef0","left",{"id":52,"sentenceTemplate":53,"displayOrder":54,"explanation":55,"exampleSentence":56,"blanks":57},"019d440d-471a-779e-b218-fb5840996256","By the time we reached the beach, the sun __1__ and it was getting dark.",4,"Use the past perfect to show that the sunset happened before reaching the beach. The time expression 'by the time' signals that one past action was completed before another.","By the time we arrived at the airport, our flight had already departed.",[58],{"id":59,"blankNumber":9,"options":60},"019d440d-471a-7766-b218-fb583fe3cf9a",[61,64,67],{"id":62,"optionText":63,"isCorrect":23,"displayOrder":24},"019d440d-471a-76d6-b218-fb583e39eefc","already set",{"id":65,"optionText":66,"isCorrect":28,"displayOrder":9},"019d440d-471a-76fe-b218-fb583e52715b","had already set",{"id":68,"optionText":69,"isCorrect":23,"displayOrder":32},"019d440d-471a-7746-b218-fb583f2860ab","has already set",{"id":71,"sentenceTemplate":72,"displayOrder":73,"explanation":74,"exampleSentence":75,"blanks":76},"019d440d-471a-796e-b218-fb58468965e7","She was exhausted on the first day of the cruise because she __1__ the night before packing.",6,"Use the past perfect to show that spending the night packing happened before being exhausted on the cruise. The past perfect (had spent) explains the reason for the past state.","He was tired during the excursion because he had stayed up late the previous night.",[77],{"id":78,"blankNumber":9,"options":79},"019d440d-471a-7936-b218-fb58468755bc",[80,83,86],{"id":81,"optionText":82,"isCorrect":28,"displayOrder":24},"019d440d-471a-78d2-b218-fb5845a15a61","had spent",{"id":84,"optionText":85,"isCorrect":23,"displayOrder":9},"019d440d-471a-78f6-b218-fb5845c4521b","spent",{"id":87,"optionText":88,"isCorrect":23,"displayOrder":32},"019d440d-471a-7916-b218-fb58463ffc90","has spent",{"id":90,"sentenceTemplate":91,"displayOrder":92,"explanation":93,"exampleSentence":94,"blanks":95},"019d440d-471a-7a46-b218-fb5849ce2103","The travel agent confirmed that they __1__ all our tickets and documents before we left for the airport.",7,"Use the past perfect to show that the preparation was completed before leaving for the airport. The time marker 'before we left' signals the earlier completed action.","The guide confirmed that she had booked the restaurant before we arrived in the city.",[96],{"id":97,"blankNumber":9,"options":98},"019d440d-471a-7a12-b218-fb5849099cb2",[99,102,105],{"id":100,"optionText":101,"isCorrect":23,"displayOrder":24},"019d440d-471a-79b2-b218-fb5847595fb7","prepared",{"id":103,"optionText":104,"isCorrect":23,"displayOrder":9},"019d440d-471a-79d6-b218-fb5847ef7e2d","have prepared",{"id":106,"optionText":107,"isCorrect":28,"displayOrder":32},"019d440d-471a-79f6-b218-fb58482b5adc","had prepared",{"id":109,"sentenceTemplate":110,"displayOrder":111,"explanation":112,"exampleSentence":113,"blanks":114},"019d440d-471a-7b2e-b218-fb584c0d4c56","We were disappointed to discover that someone __1__ our reserved sunbeds by the pool.",8,"Use the past perfect to show that taking the sunbeds happened before the discovery. The past perfect (had taken) indicates the earlier action that caused the disappointment.","We were upset to find that the restaurant had closed before we got there.",[115],{"id":116,"blankNumber":9,"options":117},"019d440d-471a-7af6-b218-fb584bedf30e",[118,121,124],{"id":119,"optionText":120,"isCorrect":28,"displayOrder":24},"019d440d-471a-7a8a-b218-fb584a2edf68","had taken",{"id":122,"optionText":123,"isCorrect":23,"displayOrder":9},"019d440d-471a-7ab6-b218-fb584afdf3db","took",{"id":125,"optionText":126,"isCorrect":23,"displayOrder":32},"019d440d-471a-7ada-b218-fb584b5d1d7d","has taken",{"id":128,"sentenceTemplate":129,"displayOrder":130,"explanation":131,"exampleSentence":132,"blanks":133},"019d440d-471a-7c16-b218-fb584e223a44","The mountain trail was muddy because it __1__ heavily the day before.",9,"Use the past perfect to show that the rain happened before the trail became muddy. The time expression 'the day before' signals an earlier past event.","The beach was crowded because the weather had improved after several rainy days.",[134],{"id":135,"blankNumber":9,"options":136},"019d440d-471a-7bde-b218-fb584d881d33",[137,140,143],{"id":138,"optionText":139,"isCorrect":23,"displayOrder":24},"019d440d-471a-7b72-b218-fb584cb29e76","rained",{"id":141,"optionText":142,"isCorrect":28,"displayOrder":9},"019d440d-471a-7b9e-b218-fb584cbd8c7a","had rained",{"id":144,"optionText":145,"isCorrect":23,"displayOrder":32},"019d440d-471a-7bbe-b218-fb584d116250","has rained",{"id":147,"sentenceTemplate":148,"displayOrder":149,"explanation":150,"exampleSentence":151,"blanks":152},"019d440d-471a-7cfe-b218-fb585173b005","I realized I __1__ my camera on the tour bus after we returned to the hotel.",10,"Use the past perfect to show that leaving the camera happened before realizing it. The past perfect (had left) indicates the earlier action that was discovered later.","She realized she had forgotten her sunglasses at the restaurant after we left.",[153],{"id":154,"blankNumber":9,"options":155},"019d440d-471a-7cc6-b218-fb58508acf7c",[156,158,160],{"id":157,"optionText":50,"isCorrect":23,"displayOrder":24},"019d440d-471a-7c5a-b218-fb584ee1ffaa",{"id":159,"optionText":44,"isCorrect":28,"displayOrder":9},"019d440d-471a-7c7a-b218-fb584f8e8d46",{"id":161,"optionText":47,"isCorrect":23,"displayOrder":32},"019d440d-471a-7c9a-b218-fb584ff575c9",{"id":163,"sentenceTemplate":164,"displayOrder":165,"explanation":166,"exampleSentence":167,"blanks":168},"019d440d-471a-7dde-b218-fb58541eac8b","The diving instructor asked if we __1__ in the ocean before.",11,"Use the past perfect to ask about past experience that happened before another past moment (the instructor’s question). The word “before” helps show the earlier action.","The guide asked if we had ever visited a tropical rainforest before.",[169],{"id":170,"blankNumber":9,"options":171},"019d440d-471a-7da6-b218-fb58540839ef",[172,175,178],{"id":173,"optionText":174,"isCorrect":28,"displayOrder":24},"019d440d-471a-7d42-b218-fb5851f1b5b0","had ever dived",{"id":176,"optionText":177,"isCorrect":23,"displayOrder":9},"019d440d-471a-7d66-b218-fb585299fd19","have ever dived",{"id":179,"optionText":180,"isCorrect":23,"displayOrder":32},"019d440d-471a-7d8a-b218-fb58535c85da","ever dived",{"id":182,"sentenceTemplate":183,"displayOrder":184,"explanation":185,"exampleSentence":186,"blanks":187},"019d440d-471a-7ec6-b218-fb58558f1a03","They __1__ their vacation photos before the memory card got corrupted.",12,"Use the past perfect negative to show that the failure to back up photos occurred before the corruption. The past perfect (hadn't backed up) explains why the corruption was a problem.","We hadn't bought travel insurance before the storm cancelled our flights.",[188],{"id":189,"blankNumber":9,"options":190},"019d440d-471a-7e8e-b218-fb5855483b84",[191,194,197],{"id":192,"optionText":193,"isCorrect":28,"displayOrder":24},"019d440d-471a-7e22-b218-fb58541fe002","hadn't backed up",{"id":195,"optionText":196,"isCorrect":23,"displayOrder":9},"019d440d-471a-7e46-b218-fb585458df82","didn't back up",{"id":198,"optionText":199,"isCorrect":23,"displayOrder":32},"019d440d-471a-7e72-b218-fb5854f77043","haven't backed up",{"id":201,"sentenceTemplate":202,"displayOrder":203,"explanation":204,"exampleSentence":205,"blanks":206},"019d440d-471b-7002-b5b0-aa33d85fc9fa","The resort looked completely different from the photos we __1__ on their website.",13,"Use the past perfect to show that seeing the photos happened before arriving at the resort. The past perfect (had seen) indicates the earlier action that created expectations.","The city was much bigger than the pictures we had seen in the travel guide.",[207],{"id":208,"blankNumber":9,"options":209},"019d440d-471a-7f6a-b218-fb585678af60",[210,213,216],{"id":211,"optionText":212,"isCorrect":23,"displayOrder":24},"019d440d-471a-7f0a-b218-fb585596c725","saw",{"id":214,"optionText":215,"isCorrect":28,"displayOrder":9},"019d440d-471a-7f2e-b218-fb5855e35d39","had seen",{"id":217,"optionText":218,"isCorrect":23,"displayOrder":32},"019d440d-471a-7f4e-b218-fb58566fe8aa","have seen",{"id":220,"sentenceTemplate":221,"displayOrder":222,"explanation":223,"exampleSentence":224,"blanks":225},"019d440d-471b-70ea-b5b0-aa33db0b29fe","By the end of our trip, we __1__ over twenty different beaches along the coast.",14,"Use the past perfect to show that visiting the beaches was completed by a specific point in the past (the end of the trip). The expression 'by the end' signals a completed action before that past moment.","By the time we checked out, we had tried all the restaurants in the hotel.",[226],{"id":227,"blankNumber":9,"options":228},"019d440d-471b-70b2-b5b0-aa33da3dc455",[229,232,235],{"id":230,"optionText":231,"isCorrect":23,"displayOrder":24},"019d440d-471b-704e-b5b0-aa33d86d7b3d","visited",{"id":233,"optionText":234,"isCorrect":28,"displayOrder":9},"019d440d-471b-7072-b5b0-aa33d90fe9de","had visited",{"id":236,"optionText":237,"isCorrect":23,"displayOrder":32},"019d440d-471b-7092-b5b0-aa33d9838e66","have visited",{"title":239,"slug":240,"language":241},"Past Perfect (B2)","past-perfect-b2","en"]