[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"grammar-exercise-019d4ddf-e0bd-722c-a578-7ed289059d4f":3,"grammar-exercise-lesson-019ba8a9-71c4-7787-96a0-6a02f8a55e49":297},["Reactive",4],{"id":5,"grammarPage":6,"title":7,"instructions":8,"displayOrder":9,"questions":10},"019d4ddf-e0bd-722c-a578-7ed289059d4f","\u002Fapi\u002Fgrammar_pages\u002F019ba8a9-71c4-7787-96a0-6a02f8a55e49","Passive Voice - Innovations in Technology","This is a fill-in-the-blank exercise. Click on each blank and choose the correct answer from the dropdown. Pay attention to how advancements and inventions in technology are presented using the passive voice.",0,[11,33,51,69,88,107,126,145,164,183,202,221,240,259,278],{"id":12,"sentenceTemplate":13,"displayOrder":9,"explanation":14,"exampleSentence":15,"blanks":16},"019d52d0-7808-7aa8-99e2-ca336865bfc3","The new operating system __1__ to millions of devices automatically overnight, so users woke up to updated software.","Use the past simple passive (was\u002Fwere + past participle) to describe a completed action in the past where the focus is on what happened to the subject. 'Was pushing' (past continuous active) and 'pushed' (past simple active) are incorrect because the operating system receives the action rather than performing it.","The firmware update was sent to all connected devices during the maintenance window.",[17],{"id":18,"blankNumber":19,"options":20},"019d52d0-7808-735c-99e2-ca3367d33fd3",1,[21,25,29],{"id":22,"optionText":23,"isCorrect":24,"displayOrder":9},"019d52d0-7808-7274-99e2-ca33663680b3","was pushed",true,{"id":26,"optionText":27,"isCorrect":28,"displayOrder":19},"019d52d0-7808-72fc-99e2-ca336699c176","pushed",false,{"id":30,"optionText":31,"isCorrect":28,"displayOrder":32},"019d52d0-7808-7334-99e2-ca33678236ac","was pushing",2,{"id":34,"sentenceTemplate":35,"displayOrder":19,"explanation":36,"exampleSentence":37,"blanks":38},"019d52d0-7808-7c14-99e2-ca336a0a0b22","By the time the engineers ran the final tests, the prototype __1__ three times to fix overheating issues.","Use the past perfect passive (had been + past participle) to describe an action that was completed before another past event. 'By the time the engineers ran the final tests' signals that the redesigning happened earlier. 'Was redesigned' (past simple passive) does not express this earlier relationship, and 'had redesigned' is active, not passive.","By the time the app launched, the interface had been revised four times by the development team.",[39],{"id":40,"blankNumber":19,"options":41},"019d52d0-7808-7bcc-99e2-ca3369fa8c21",[42,45,48],{"id":43,"optionText":44,"isCorrect":24,"displayOrder":9},"019d52d0-7808-7b4c-99e2-ca3368c9173e","had been redesigned",{"id":46,"optionText":47,"isCorrect":28,"displayOrder":19},"019d52d0-7808-7b80-99e2-ca336921ea8c","was redesigned",{"id":49,"optionText":50,"isCorrect":28,"displayOrder":32},"019d52d0-7808-7ba8-99e2-ca336979615b","had redesigned",{"id":52,"sentenceTemplate":53,"displayOrder":32,"explanation":54,"exampleSentence":55,"blanks":56},"019d52d0-7808-7d04-99e2-ca336d6ed289","The AI model __1__ on billions of data points right now, which is why the servers are running at full capacity.","Use the present continuous passive (is\u002Fare being + past participle) for an action happening at this moment. 'Right now' confirms the ongoing nature of the training. 'Is trained' (present simple passive) implies a routine, and 'has been trained' (present perfect passive) implies the action has already been completed.","The neural network is being optimized by the research team as we speak.",[57],{"id":58,"blankNumber":19,"options":59},"019d52d0-7808-7cc8-99e2-ca336d603eb3",[60,63,66],{"id":61,"optionText":62,"isCorrect":24,"displayOrder":9},"019d52d0-7808-7c5c-99e2-ca336adfec0e","is being trained",{"id":64,"optionText":65,"isCorrect":28,"displayOrder":19},"019d52d0-7808-7c84-99e2-ca336bb3a8b4","is trained",{"id":67,"optionText":68,"isCorrect":28,"displayOrder":32},"019d52d0-7808-7ca4-99e2-ca336c7b3d4d","has been trained",{"id":70,"sentenceTemplate":71,"displayOrder":72,"explanation":73,"exampleSentence":74,"blanks":75},"019d52d0-7808-7e04-99e2-ca336f88e5ac","Sensitive user data __1__ with end-to-end encryption before it leaves the device, so interception is nearly impossible.",3,"Use the present simple passive (is\u002Fare + past participle) to describe a standard, ongoing process or system feature. The sentence describes how the technology routinely works. 'Is being protected' suggests a temporary action, and 'was protected' places the action in the past.","All payment transactions are encrypted by the bank's security software before processing.",[76],{"id":77,"blankNumber":19,"options":78},"019d52d0-7808-7dc8-99e2-ca336f2b0f20",[79,82,85],{"id":80,"optionText":81,"isCorrect":24,"displayOrder":9},"019d52d0-7808-7d64-99e2-ca336d98d8d0","is protected",{"id":83,"optionText":84,"isCorrect":28,"displayOrder":19},"019d52d0-7808-7d88-99e2-ca336e6484b9","is being protected",{"id":86,"optionText":87,"isCorrect":28,"displayOrder":32},"019d52d0-7808-7dac-99e2-ca336f1e05d2","was protected",{"id":89,"sentenceTemplate":90,"displayOrder":91,"explanation":92,"exampleSentence":93,"blanks":94},"019d52d0-7808-7eec-99e2-ca3372882e81","The faulty microchips __1__ from the production line before any devices reached consumers, preventing a major recall.",4,"Use the past perfect passive (had been + past participle) to describe an action that was completed before another past event. The phrase 'before any devices reached consumers' establishes this earlier sequence. 'Were removed' (past simple passive) does not express this earlier relationship, and 'had removed' is active, not passive.","The corrupted files had been deleted from the server before the backup was completed.",[95],{"id":96,"blankNumber":19,"options":97},"019d52d0-7808-7eb0-99e2-ca33720bcfcf",[98,101,104],{"id":99,"optionText":100,"isCorrect":24,"displayOrder":9},"019d52d0-7808-7e4c-99e2-ca337021df85","had been removed",{"id":102,"optionText":103,"isCorrect":28,"displayOrder":19},"019d52d0-7808-7e74-99e2-ca3370d05e6f","were removed",{"id":105,"optionText":106,"isCorrect":28,"displayOrder":32},"019d52d0-7808-7e94-99e2-ca33715dae36","had removed",{"id":108,"sentenceTemplate":109,"displayOrder":110,"explanation":111,"exampleSentence":112,"blanks":113},"019d52d0-7809-702c-abca-dc8b58b03cbf","The drone delivery system __1__ in three major cities before a nationwide rollout is considered.",5,"Use a modal passive (modal + be + past participle) to express recommendation or obligation regarding an action done to the subject. 'Should be piloted' correctly expresses that the system ought to receive a trial run. 'Must be piloting' uses a continuous form that is not used after a modal in standard English.","The new scanning technology should be tested in controlled environments before hospital deployment.",[114],{"id":115,"blankNumber":19,"options":116},"019d52d0-7808-7f90-99e2-ca3374f62ee0",[117,120,123],{"id":118,"optionText":119,"isCorrect":24,"displayOrder":9},"019d52d0-7808-7f30-99e2-ca33731c1e2e","should be piloted",{"id":121,"optionText":122,"isCorrect":28,"displayOrder":19},"019d52d0-7808-7f50-99e2-ca337360ef8e","must be piloting",{"id":124,"optionText":125,"isCorrect":28,"displayOrder":32},"019d52d0-7808-7f70-99e2-ca33740d120b","should pilot",{"id":127,"sentenceTemplate":128,"displayOrder":129,"explanation":130,"exampleSentence":131,"blanks":132},"019d52d0-7809-7118-abca-dc8b5cae163d","When the server crashed last Tuesday, thousands of transactions __1__ simultaneously, causing widespread disruption.",6,"Use the past continuous passive (were\u002Fwas being + past participle) to describe an ongoing background action that was interrupted by another past event. 'When the server crashed' signals the interruption. 'Were processed' (past simple passive) implies completion, and 'had been processed' implies the action finished before the crash.","When the power cut occurred, several software installations were being carried out across the network.",[133],{"id":134,"blankNumber":19,"options":135},"019d52d0-7809-70dc-abca-dc8b5bc41c6c",[136,139,142],{"id":137,"optionText":138,"isCorrect":24,"displayOrder":9},"019d52d0-7809-707c-abca-dc8b5976e7ff","were being processed",{"id":140,"optionText":141,"isCorrect":28,"displayOrder":19},"019d52d0-7809-70a0-abca-dc8b59df70b3","were processed",{"id":143,"optionText":144,"isCorrect":28,"displayOrder":32},"019d52d0-7809-70c0-abca-dc8b5accc6a4","had been processed",{"id":146,"sentenceTemplate":147,"displayOrder":148,"explanation":149,"exampleSentence":150,"blanks":151},"019d52d0-7809-7204-abca-dc8b5f5a84d3","The robotics lab's latest invention __1__ at the international tech expo next month by the lead engineer.",7,"Use the future passive (will be + past participle) to describe a planned future action where the focus is on what will happen to the subject. 'Will unveil' is active, and 'is being unveiled' describes a present ongoing action rather than a future event.","The next generation of quantum processors will be announced at the annual science conference.",[152],{"id":153,"blankNumber":19,"options":154},"019d52d0-7809-71c8-abca-dc8b5ecd6666",[155,158,161],{"id":156,"optionText":157,"isCorrect":24,"displayOrder":9},"019d52d0-7809-715c-abca-dc8b5d2a986f","will be unveiled",{"id":159,"optionText":160,"isCorrect":28,"displayOrder":19},"019d52d0-7809-7180-abca-dc8b5da6fa35","will unveil",{"id":162,"optionText":163,"isCorrect":28,"displayOrder":32},"019d52d0-7809-71ac-abca-dc8b5e94a1a8","is being unveiled",{"id":165,"sentenceTemplate":166,"displayOrder":167,"explanation":168,"exampleSentence":169,"blanks":170},"019d52d0-7809-72e0-abca-dc8b62f1a246","The software vulnerability __1__ by the cybersecurity team within hours of being reported, protecting millions of users.",8,"Use the past simple passive (was\u002Fwere + past participle) for a completed action at a specific past time. 'Within hours of being reported' anchors the action in the past. 'Has been patched' (present perfect passive) suggests a connection to the present rather than a completed past action, and 'was patching' is the active past continuous form.","The security breach was identified by the monitoring system within minutes of the intrusion.",[171],{"id":172,"blankNumber":19,"options":173},"019d52d0-7809-72a8-abca-dc8b6250a4ae",[174,177,180],{"id":175,"optionText":176,"isCorrect":24,"displayOrder":9},"019d52d0-7809-7248-abca-dc8b602471cc","was patched",{"id":178,"optionText":179,"isCorrect":28,"displayOrder":19},"019d52d0-7809-7268-abca-dc8b61156acb","has been patched",{"id":181,"optionText":182,"isCorrect":28,"displayOrder":32},"019d52d0-7809-728c-abca-dc8b61ec30bd","was patching",{"id":184,"sentenceTemplate":185,"displayOrder":186,"explanation":187,"exampleSentence":188,"blanks":189},"019d52d0-7809-73c0-abca-dc8b6528d141","Over the past decade, the cost of solar panel technology __1__ dramatically, making it accessible to average households.",9,"Use the present perfect passive (has\u002Fhave been + past participle) when describing a change that started in the past and has relevance to the present. 'Over the past decade' signals this ongoing relevance. 'Was reduced' (past simple passive) would require a specific finished time, and 'had been reduced' refers to a time before another past event.","The processing speed of consumer laptops has been increased significantly over the last five years.",[190],{"id":191,"blankNumber":19,"options":192},"019d52d0-7809-7388-abca-dc8b651d5e59",[193,196,199],{"id":194,"optionText":195,"isCorrect":24,"displayOrder":9},"019d52d0-7809-7324-abca-dc8b63afe834","has been reduced",{"id":197,"optionText":198,"isCorrect":28,"displayOrder":19},"019d52d0-7809-7348-abca-dc8b63fc71f5","was reduced",{"id":200,"optionText":201,"isCorrect":28,"displayOrder":32},"019d52d0-7809-7368-abca-dc8b64892868","had been reduced",{"id":203,"sentenceTemplate":204,"displayOrder":205,"explanation":206,"exampleSentence":207,"blanks":208},"019d52d0-7809-74c0-abca-dc8b670d9936","All incoming data packets __1__ for malware by the firewall before they enter the internal network.",10,"Use the present simple passive (is\u002Fare + past participle) to describe a routine, systematic process. The sentence describes how the firewall always operates, not a temporary or past event. 'Are being scanned' implies a temporary ongoing action, and 'were scanned' places the action in the past.","Every file uploaded to the cloud storage platform is checked for viruses automatically.",[209],{"id":210,"blankNumber":19,"options":211},"019d52d0-7809-7468-abca-dc8b663ad724",[212,215,218],{"id":213,"optionText":214,"isCorrect":24,"displayOrder":9},"019d52d0-7809-7408-abca-dc8b654c7829","are scanned",{"id":216,"optionText":217,"isCorrect":28,"displayOrder":19},"019d52d0-7809-7428-abca-dc8b6570342b","are being scanned",{"id":219,"optionText":220,"isCorrect":28,"displayOrder":32},"019d52d0-7809-7448-abca-dc8b65dc52e9","were scanned",{"id":222,"sentenceTemplate":223,"displayOrder":224,"explanation":225,"exampleSentence":226,"blanks":227},"019d52d0-7809-75b0-abca-dc8b697f4cde","The wearable health monitor __1__ by regulators before it can legally be sold to the public.",11,"Use a modal passive (must + be + past participle) to express a strong obligation or requirement applied to the subject. The monitor receives the approval, so the passive is required. 'Must approve' is active, and 'should be approving' uses a continuous form that is not used after a modal in standard English.","The new medical imaging device must be certified by the health authority before clinical use.",[228],{"id":229,"blankNumber":19,"options":230},"019d52d0-7809-7574-abca-dc8b694d88bd",[231,234,237],{"id":232,"optionText":233,"isCorrect":24,"displayOrder":9},"019d52d0-7809-750c-abca-dc8b67f460c3","must be approved",{"id":235,"optionText":236,"isCorrect":28,"displayOrder":19},"019d52d0-7809-752c-abca-dc8b68bb97c1","must approve",{"id":238,"optionText":239,"isCorrect":28,"displayOrder":32},"019d52d0-7809-754c-abca-dc8b694b5429","should be approving",{"id":241,"sentenceTemplate":242,"displayOrder":243,"explanation":244,"exampleSentence":245,"blanks":246},"019d52d0-7809-7690-abca-dc8b6b6c9d62","When the technician arrived, the circuit boards __1__ by the automated assembly line at a rate of 500 per hour.",12,"Use the past continuous passive (were\u002Fwas being + past participle) to describe an action that was in progress at the moment of another past event. 'When the technician arrived' signals a simultaneous ongoing background process. 'Had been assembled' implies completion before arrival, and 'were assembled' describes a completed action rather than an ongoing one.","When the quality inspector walked in, the semiconductors were being tested by the robotic arm.",[247],{"id":248,"blankNumber":19,"options":249},"019d52d0-7809-7658-abca-dc8b6ad1d152",[250,253,256],{"id":251,"optionText":252,"isCorrect":24,"displayOrder":9},"019d52d0-7809-75f4-abca-dc8b6a5bb4de","were being assembled",{"id":254,"optionText":255,"isCorrect":28,"displayOrder":19},"019d52d0-7809-761c-abca-dc8b6a5dd1f2","had been assembled",{"id":257,"optionText":258,"isCorrect":28,"displayOrder":32},"019d52d0-7809-763c-abca-dc8b6a7cf235","were assembled",{"id":260,"sentenceTemplate":261,"displayOrder":262,"explanation":263,"exampleSentence":264,"blanks":265},"019d52d0-7809-7770-abca-dc8b6df5def4","The next version of the augmented reality headset __1__ with a longer battery life and a lighter frame, according to the leaked specs.",13,"Use the future passive (will be + past participle) to describe what will be done to the subject in the future. The headset receives the feature, so the passive is required. 'Will equip' is active, and 'is equipped' is present simple passive, which does not match the future context indicated by 'next version' and the reference to future specifications.","The upcoming smartphone model will be fitted with a satellite communication chip.",[266],{"id":267,"blankNumber":19,"options":268},"019d52d0-7809-7738-abca-dc8b6d750658",[269,272,275],{"id":270,"optionText":271,"isCorrect":24,"displayOrder":9},"019d52d0-7809-76d8-abca-dc8b6c65f45a","will be equipped",{"id":273,"optionText":274,"isCorrect":28,"displayOrder":19},"019d52d0-7809-76f8-abca-dc8b6cce7f81","will equip",{"id":276,"optionText":277,"isCorrect":28,"displayOrder":32},"019d52d0-7809-7718-abca-dc8b6cd2ee21","is equipped",{"id":279,"sentenceTemplate":280,"displayOrder":281,"explanation":282,"exampleSentence":283,"blanks":284},"019d52d0-7809-7844-abca-dc8b70fc7d63","The algorithm that powers the recommendation engine __1__ continuously since the platform launched, improving accuracy each month.",14,"Use the present perfect passive (has\u002Fhave been + past participle) to describe an action that began in the past and continues to have present relevance. 'Since the platform launched' and 'each month' confirm this ongoing connection to the present. 'Was refined' implies a finished past action, and 'is being refined' describes only a current temporary action and does not express the past-to-present span.","The machine learning model has been updated regularly since the research project began.",[285],{"id":286,"blankNumber":19,"options":287},"019d52d0-7809-7810-abca-dc8b70994793",[288,291,294],{"id":289,"optionText":290,"isCorrect":24,"displayOrder":9},"019d52d0-7809-77b4-abca-dc8b6e8d0b4a","has been refined",{"id":292,"optionText":293,"isCorrect":28,"displayOrder":19},"019d52d0-7809-77d4-abca-dc8b6f82b008","was refined",{"id":295,"optionText":296,"isCorrect":28,"displayOrder":32},"019d52d0-7809-77f4-abca-dc8b70132205","is being refined",{"title":298,"slug":299,"language":300},"Passive Forms","passive-forms","en"]