[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"grammar-exercise-019f7f70-5279-7aea-88a7-b9298802035f":3,"grammar-exercise-lesson-019f7f70-3077-758d-911e-e73b30017c11":384},["Reactive",4],{"id":5,"grammarPage":6,"title":7,"instructions":8,"displayOrder":9,"questions":10},"019f7f70-5279-7aea-88a7-b9298802035f","\u002Fapi\u002Fgrammar_pages\u002F019f7f70-3077-758d-911e-e73b30017c11","Límites, hábitos y fondo","Completa o interpreta cada contraste según presente una acción cerrada, un hábito, el fondo o un nuevo evento.",0,[11,42,69,125,167,197,228,247,266,309,337,365],{"id":12,"sentenceTemplate":13,"displayOrder":9,"explanation":14,"exampleSentence":15,"blanks":16},"019f7f70-5279-7cca-88a7-b9298cde0d2c","Ayer, en una única jornada ya terminada, yo __1__ ocho horas; durante varios años, sin contar las ocasiones, yo __2__ en casa todos los viernes. El infinitivo es trabajar.","«Trabajé» presenta una jornada completa y limitada; «trabajaba» presenta una costumbre abierta.","El lunes estudié tres horas, pero de niño estudiaba en la biblioteca cada tarde.",[17,33],{"id":18,"blankNumber":19,"options":20},"019f7f70-5279-7bea-88a7-b92989b58ec4",1,[21,25,29],{"id":22,"optionText":23,"isCorrect":24,"displayOrder":9},"019f7f70-5279-7b66-88a7-b92988403800","trabajé",true,{"id":26,"optionText":27,"isCorrect":28,"displayOrder":19},"019f7f70-5279-7b9e-88a7-b92988e0495d","trabajaba",false,{"id":30,"optionText":31,"isCorrect":28,"displayOrder":32},"019f7f70-5279-7bc6-88a7-b92989b47bf2","trabajo",2,{"id":34,"blankNumber":32,"options":35},"019f7f70-5279-7c8e-88a7-b9298c847ff6",[36,38,40],{"id":37,"optionText":23,"isCorrect":28,"displayOrder":9},"019f7f70-5279-7c2e-88a7-b9298a16f1db",{"id":39,"optionText":27,"isCorrect":24,"displayOrder":19},"019f7f70-5279-7c4e-88a7-b9298ad1a049",{"id":41,"optionText":31,"isCorrect":28,"displayOrder":32},"019f7f70-5279-7c6e-88a7-b9298b8f3052",{"id":43,"sentenceTemplate":44,"displayOrder":19,"explanation":45,"exampleSentence":46,"blanks":47},"019f7f70-5279-7e4e-88a7-b9298fa0a6dd","La semana pasada, dentro de un periodo cerrado, Ana __1__ exactamente tres veces y no volvió a hacerlo; durante años, Ana __2__ a su abuela todas las tardes. El infinitivo es llamar.","La cantidad exacta «tres veces» cierra la repetición y pide «llamó»; «todas las tardes» presenta el hábito «llamaba».","En junio fui dos veces al dentista; antes iba cada mes.",[48,60],{"id":49,"blankNumber":19,"options":50},"019f7f70-5279-7d82-88a7-b9298d5610e0",[51,54,57],{"id":52,"optionText":53,"isCorrect":28,"displayOrder":9},"019f7f70-5279-7d22-88a7-b9298cdf5d00","llamaba",{"id":55,"optionText":56,"isCorrect":28,"displayOrder":19},"019f7f70-5279-7d46-88a7-b9298d03ea70","llama",{"id":58,"optionText":59,"isCorrect":24,"displayOrder":32},"019f7f70-5279-7d66-88a7-b9298d22a6f2","llamó",{"id":61,"blankNumber":32,"options":62},"019f7f70-5279-7e16-88a7-b9298ee40f3c",[63,65,67],{"id":64,"optionText":53,"isCorrect":24,"displayOrder":9},"019f7f70-5279-7dba-88a7-b9298dc0c4bc",{"id":66,"optionText":59,"isCorrect":28,"displayOrder":19},"019f7f70-5279-7dda-88a7-b9298dd88ee0",{"id":68,"optionText":56,"isCorrect":28,"displayOrder":32},"019f7f70-5279-7dfa-88a7-b9298df61151",{"id":70,"sentenceTemplate":71,"displayOrder":32,"explanation":72,"exampleSentence":73,"blanks":74},"019f7f70-527a-715e-9283-b7b53a769d83","Antes de que ocurriera el hecho principal, el narrador abre la escena: __1__ las diez, __2__ frío, Marta __3__ veinte años y las calles __4__ vacías.","La hora, el tiempo atmosférico, la edad y el estado describen el fondo; por eso usamos «eran, hacía, tenía, estaban».","Era temprano, llovía y el pueblo estaba en silencio.",[75,87,99,112],{"id":76,"blankNumber":19,"options":77},"019f7f70-5279-7f16-88a7-b929919fc824",[78,81,84],{"id":79,"optionText":80,"isCorrect":28,"displayOrder":9},"019f7f70-5279-7eb6-88a7-b929904d9e06","Fueron",{"id":82,"optionText":83,"isCorrect":24,"displayOrder":19},"019f7f70-5279-7eda-88a7-b92990f66111","Eran",{"id":85,"optionText":86,"isCorrect":28,"displayOrder":32},"019f7f70-5279-7ef6-88a7-b9299146329f","Son",{"id":88,"blankNumber":32,"options":89},"019f7f70-527a-7006-9283-b7b534fa3dfd",[90,93,96],{"id":91,"optionText":92,"isCorrect":28,"displayOrder":9},"019f7f70-5279-7f46-88a7-b92991b14382","hizo",{"id":94,"optionText":95,"isCorrect":28,"displayOrder":19},"019f7f70-5279-7f66-88a7-b929928d4e2b","hace",{"id":97,"optionText":98,"isCorrect":24,"displayOrder":32},"019f7f70-5279-7f86-88a7-b9299388f014","hacía",{"id":100,"blankNumber":101,"options":102},"019f7f70-527a-7096-9283-b7b537400e7a",3,[103,106,109],{"id":104,"optionText":105,"isCorrect":24,"displayOrder":9},"019f7f70-527a-703e-9283-b7b5359eb716","tenía",{"id":107,"optionText":108,"isCorrect":28,"displayOrder":19},"019f7f70-527a-705e-9283-b7b5362ae75e","tuvo",{"id":110,"optionText":111,"isCorrect":28,"displayOrder":32},"019f7f70-527a-707a-9283-b7b5370cf878","tiene",{"id":113,"blankNumber":114,"options":115},"019f7f70-527a-712a-9283-b7b53a16ce27",4,[116,119,122],{"id":117,"optionText":118,"isCorrect":28,"displayOrder":9},"019f7f70-527a-70ce-9283-b7b538385648","estuvieron",{"id":120,"optionText":121,"isCorrect":24,"displayOrder":19},"019f7f70-527a-70ea-9283-b7b538e74eea","estaban",{"id":123,"optionText":124,"isCorrect":28,"displayOrder":32},"019f7f70-527a-710a-9283-b7b5393f5fa1","están",{"id":126,"sentenceTemplate":127,"displayOrder":101,"explanation":128,"exampleSentence":129,"blanks":130},"019f7f70-527a-7396-9283-b7b5403f304b","Después de presentar el fondo, tres hechos hacen avanzar la historia: de repente un coche __1__, luego una mujer __2__ y finalmente __3__ la puerta. Los infinitivos son parar, bajar y abrir.","Los tres hechos aparecen como eventos completos y consecutivos: «paró, bajó, abrió».","De pronto sonó una alarma, todos salieron y el guardia cerró el edificio.",[131,143,155],{"id":132,"blankNumber":19,"options":133},"019f7f70-527a-7232-9283-b7b53c5e9c97",[134,137,140],{"id":135,"optionText":136,"isCorrect":28,"displayOrder":9},"019f7f70-527a-71d6-9283-b7b53aa54dcb","paraba",{"id":138,"optionText":139,"isCorrect":28,"displayOrder":19},"019f7f70-527a-71f6-9283-b7b53b61f609","para",{"id":141,"optionText":142,"isCorrect":24,"displayOrder":32},"019f7f70-527a-7216-9283-b7b53beb82f7","paró",{"id":144,"blankNumber":32,"options":145},"019f7f70-527a-72d2-9283-b7b53dec1be9",[146,149,152],{"id":147,"optionText":148,"isCorrect":24,"displayOrder":9},"019f7f70-527a-7266-9283-b7b53caa66db","bajó",{"id":150,"optionText":151,"isCorrect":28,"displayOrder":19},"019f7f70-527a-7292-9283-b7b53d238450","bajaba",{"id":153,"optionText":154,"isCorrect":28,"displayOrder":32},"019f7f70-527a-72b2-9283-b7b53d673feb","baja",{"id":156,"blankNumber":101,"options":157},"019f7f70-527a-735e-9283-b7b53fba50b9",[158,161,164],{"id":159,"optionText":160,"isCorrect":28,"displayOrder":9},"019f7f70-527a-7306-9283-b7b53dfbf32f","abría",{"id":162,"optionText":163,"isCorrect":24,"displayOrder":19},"019f7f70-527a-7326-9283-b7b53eed8ac0","abrió",{"id":165,"optionText":166,"isCorrect":28,"displayOrder":32},"019f7f70-527a-7342-9283-b7b53f15b237","abre",{"id":168,"sentenceTemplate":169,"displayOrder":114,"explanation":170,"exampleSentence":171,"blanks":172},"019f7f70-527a-753a-9283-b7b543ed6f1a","Anoche, a las dos, yo __1__ y esa acción estaba en curso cuando el teléfono __2__ una sola vez. Los infinitivos son dormir y sonar.","«Dormía» muestra la acción en desarrollo; «sonó» es el hecho puntual que ocurrió dentro de ella.","Caminábamos por el parque cuando empezó a granizar.",[173,185],{"id":174,"blankNumber":19,"options":175},"019f7f70-527a-7452-9283-b7b5421aadbe",[176,179,182],{"id":177,"optionText":178,"isCorrect":28,"displayOrder":9},"019f7f70-527a-73f6-9283-b7b5407ad96f","dormí",{"id":180,"optionText":181,"isCorrect":24,"displayOrder":19},"019f7f70-527a-741a-9283-b7b5411b3bd1","dormía",{"id":183,"optionText":184,"isCorrect":28,"displayOrder":32},"019f7f70-527a-7436-9283-b7b541817f54","duermo",{"id":186,"blankNumber":32,"options":187},"019f7f70-527a-7502-9283-b7b54374f8c0",[188,191,194],{"id":189,"optionText":190,"isCorrect":28,"displayOrder":9},"019f7f70-527a-7486-9283-b7b5430449d6","sonaba",{"id":192,"optionText":193,"isCorrect":28,"displayOrder":19},"019f7f70-527a-74c2-9283-b7b54319e570","suena",{"id":195,"optionText":196,"isCorrect":24,"displayOrder":32},"019f7f70-527a-74e6-9283-b7b5436dad97","sonó",{"id":198,"sentenceTemplate":199,"displayOrder":200,"explanation":201,"exampleSentence":202,"blanks":203},"019f7f70-527a-76c2-9283-b7b5478907b4","Antes de la cena, la cámara muestra dos acciones ya en curso, sin señalar su inicio ni su final: yo __1__ la comida mientras Paula __2__ la mesa. Los infinitivos son preparar y poner.",5,"Las dos acciones forman un fondo simultáneo y abierto: «preparaba» y «ponía».","Los niños dibujaban mientras su padre hablaba por teléfono.",[204,216],{"id":205,"blankNumber":19,"options":206},"019f7f70-527a-75ee-9283-b7b5463642a3",[207,210,213],{"id":208,"optionText":209,"isCorrect":24,"displayOrder":9},"019f7f70-527a-7592-9283-b7b5446a0a21","preparaba",{"id":211,"optionText":212,"isCorrect":28,"displayOrder":19},"019f7f70-527a-75b6-9283-b7b545320116","preparé",{"id":214,"optionText":215,"isCorrect":28,"displayOrder":32},"019f7f70-527a-75d2-9283-b7b54622098d","preparo",{"id":217,"blankNumber":32,"options":218},"019f7f70-527a-768e-9283-b7b5475d6cd1",[219,222,225],{"id":220,"optionText":221,"isCorrect":28,"displayOrder":9},"019f7f70-527a-762e-9283-b7b546826946","puso",{"id":223,"optionText":224,"isCorrect":24,"displayOrder":19},"019f7f70-527a-764e-9283-b7b546c630e9","ponía",{"id":226,"optionText":227,"isCorrect":28,"displayOrder":32},"019f7f70-527a-766e-9283-b7b546effe7e","pone",{"id":229,"sentenceTemplate":230,"displayOrder":231,"explanation":232,"exampleSentence":233,"blanks":234},"019f7f70-527a-77a2-9283-b7b54ab86f6a","Ayer seguí un plan cerrado: «Terminé el informe, cerré el ordenador y salí de la oficina». Esta serie presenta __1__.",6,"Los tres verbos cuentan hechos terminados y consecutivos; por eso están en indefinido.","Preparé la mochila, llamé un taxi y fui a la estación.",[235],{"id":236,"blankNumber":19,"options":237},"019f7f70-527a-776e-9283-b7b549c6bc22",[238,241,244],{"id":239,"optionText":240,"isCorrect":28,"displayOrder":9},"019f7f70-527a-7716-9283-b7b547e7be52","dos acciones simultáneas en imperfecto",{"id":242,"optionText":243,"isCorrect":28,"displayOrder":19},"019f7f70-527a-7736-9283-b7b5487d1b51","una costumbre abierta del pasado",{"id":245,"optionText":246,"isCorrect":24,"displayOrder":32},"019f7f70-527a-7752-9283-b7b548f13d9f","una secuencia de acciones completas en indefinido",{"id":248,"sentenceTemplate":249,"displayOrder":250,"explanation":251,"exampleSentence":252,"blanks":253},"019f7f70-527a-7872-9283-b7b54d2ccfe3","Compara dos usos de cuando: «Cuando vivía en Burgos, caminaba cada tarde» y «Cuando terminó la clase, los alumnos salieron una vez». El análisis correcto es __1__.",7,"Cuando no elige el tiempo: el primer contexto expresa una situación y un hábito; el segundo, dos hechos completos.","Cuando tenía diez años, nadaba a diario; cuando acabó el curso, viajé con mi familia.",[254],{"id":255,"blankNumber":19,"options":256},"019f7f70-527a-783e-9283-b7b54d13ff51",[257,260,263],{"id":258,"optionText":259,"isCorrect":24,"displayOrder":9},"019f7f70-527a-77e2-9283-b7b54b799d2e","vivía y caminaba son imperfectos; terminó y salieron son indefinidos",{"id":261,"optionText":262,"isCorrect":28,"displayOrder":19},"019f7f70-527a-7802-9283-b7b54c37ddd6","cuando obliga a usar imperfecto en los cuatro verbos",{"id":264,"optionText":265,"isCorrect":28,"displayOrder":32},"019f7f70-527a-7822-9283-b7b54c3f20d3","cuando obliga a usar indefinido en los cuatro verbos",{"id":267,"sentenceTemplate":268,"displayOrder":269,"explanation":270,"exampleSentence":271,"blanks":272},"019f7f70-527a-7a62-9283-b7b553e7d0b4","A las 10:15, la explicación de Teresa seguía en curso: Teresa __1__ el plan cuando el director __2__ y __3__ una decisión. Los infinitivos son explicar, entrar y anunciar.",8,"«Explicaba» es la acción en desarrollo; «entró» y «anunció» son dos hechos completos que hacen avanzar el relato.","Mientras esperábamos, llegó el tren y abrió sus puertas.",[273,285,297],{"id":274,"blankNumber":19,"options":275},"019f7f70-527a-790e-9283-b7b54e751d7b",[276,279,282],{"id":277,"optionText":278,"isCorrect":28,"displayOrder":9},"019f7f70-527a-78b2-9283-b7b54d740fc8","explicó",{"id":280,"optionText":281,"isCorrect":24,"displayOrder":19},"019f7f70-527a-78d2-9283-b7b54d98878e","explicaba",{"id":283,"optionText":284,"isCorrect":28,"displayOrder":32},"019f7f70-527a-78ee-9283-b7b54e1a605c","explica",{"id":286,"blankNumber":32,"options":287},"019f7f70-527a-79a2-9283-b7b550ace72a",[288,291,294],{"id":289,"optionText":290,"isCorrect":28,"displayOrder":9},"019f7f70-527a-793e-9283-b7b54e9a9300","entraba",{"id":292,"optionText":293,"isCorrect":28,"displayOrder":19},"019f7f70-527a-795e-9283-b7b54f6df292","entra",{"id":295,"optionText":296,"isCorrect":24,"displayOrder":32},"019f7f70-527a-7986-9283-b7b550267341","entró",{"id":298,"blankNumber":101,"options":299},"019f7f70-527a-7a2e-9283-b7b55356e4fe",[300,303,306],{"id":301,"optionText":302,"isCorrect":24,"displayOrder":9},"019f7f70-527a-79d6-9283-b7b5518e3615","anunció",{"id":304,"optionText":305,"isCorrect":28,"displayOrder":19},"019f7f70-527a-79f6-9283-b7b552377482","anunciaba",{"id":307,"optionText":308,"isCorrect":28,"displayOrder":32},"019f7f70-527a-7a12-9283-b7b552b9205d","anuncia",{"id":310,"sentenceTemplate":311,"displayOrder":312,"explanation":313,"exampleSentence":314,"blanks":315},"019f7f70-527a-7be2-9283-b7b557d0dd7f","Con el infinitivo ser, al contar desde dentro cómo se vivía una conferencia, decimos «La conferencia __1__ interesante»; al valorarla como un evento ya completo, decimos «La conferencia __2__ un éxito».",9,"«Era» abre una descripción desde dentro; «fue» valora el evento completo.","El apartamento era luminoso y la estancia fue muy agradable.",[316,328],{"id":317,"blankNumber":19,"options":318},"019f7f70-527a-7b22-9283-b7b5562f317a",[319,322,325],{"id":320,"optionText":321,"isCorrect":28,"displayOrder":9},"019f7f70-527a-7ac6-9283-b7b554e627ad","fue",{"id":323,"optionText":324,"isCorrect":28,"displayOrder":19},"019f7f70-527a-7ae6-9283-b7b555a03382","es",{"id":326,"optionText":327,"isCorrect":24,"displayOrder":32},"019f7f70-527a-7b06-9283-b7b555db183f","era",{"id":329,"blankNumber":32,"options":330},"019f7f70-527a-7bb2-9283-b7b557bddc79",[331,333,335],{"id":332,"optionText":327,"isCorrect":28,"displayOrder":9},"019f7f70-527a-7b56-9283-b7b556e7ce67",{"id":334,"optionText":321,"isCorrect":24,"displayOrder":19},"019f7f70-527a-7b76-9283-b7b55729424e",{"id":336,"optionText":324,"isCorrect":28,"displayOrder":32},"019f7f70-527a-7b96-9283-b7b557a71b54",{"id":338,"sentenceTemplate":339,"displayOrder":340,"explanation":341,"exampleSentence":342,"blanks":343},"019f7f70-527a-7d5a-9283-b7b55bdb5a57","Con el infinitivo poder, durante el apagón describo la dificultad abierta «No __1__ ver la pantalla»; después de tres intentos, cierro el resultado negativo: «Al final no __2__ abrir el archivo y me fui».",10,"«No podía» describe una dificultad en curso; «no pude» afirma que el intento terminó sin éxito.","Antes no podía levantar la caja; ayer lo intenté, pero no pude moverla.",[344,356],{"id":345,"blankNumber":19,"options":346},"019f7f70-527a-7c92-9283-b7b55a7644d9",[347,350,353],{"id":348,"optionText":349,"isCorrect":24,"displayOrder":9},"019f7f70-527a-7c36-9283-b7b558a9aa16","podía",{"id":351,"optionText":352,"isCorrect":28,"displayOrder":19},"019f7f70-527a-7c56-9283-b7b55960477d","pude",{"id":354,"optionText":355,"isCorrect":28,"displayOrder":32},"019f7f70-527a-7c76-9283-b7b559f3ea78","puedo",{"id":357,"blankNumber":32,"options":358},"019f7f70-527a-7d26-9283-b7b55b549106",[359,361,363],{"id":360,"optionText":349,"isCorrect":28,"displayOrder":9},"019f7f70-527a-7cc2-9283-b7b55abdf831",{"id":362,"optionText":355,"isCorrect":28,"displayOrder":19},"019f7f70-527a-7cea-9283-b7b55ae91937",{"id":364,"optionText":352,"isCorrect":24,"displayOrder":32},"019f7f70-527a-7d0a-9283-b7b55b46d381",{"id":366,"sentenceTemplate":367,"displayOrder":368,"explanation":369,"exampleSentence":370,"blanks":371},"019f7f70-527a-7e36-9283-b7b55f11853c","Para revisar cuatro casos —un hecho terminado, un hábito sin cantidad cerrada, una circunstancia de fondo y una acción en curso interrumpida— la selección correcta es __1__.",11,"El hecho terminado usa indefinido; el hábito, el fondo y la acción en desarrollo usan imperfecto, junto con indefinido para el evento que interrumpe.","Ayer terminé el trabajo; antes trabajaba por la noche; hacía calor cuando salí.",[372],{"id":373,"blankNumber":19,"options":374},"019f7f70-527a-7e06-9283-b7b55e5b7a8d",[375,378,381],{"id":376,"optionText":377,"isCorrect":28,"displayOrder":9},"019f7f70-527a-7daa-9283-b7b55c76f578","imperfecto; indefinido; indefinido; dos indefinidos",{"id":379,"optionText":380,"isCorrect":24,"displayOrder":19},"019f7f70-527a-7dca-9283-b7b55d0f3ca4","indefinido; imperfecto; imperfecto; imperfecto + indefinido",{"id":382,"optionText":383,"isCorrect":28,"displayOrder":32},"019f7f70-527a-7dea-9283-b7b55de96ad5","indefinido; indefinido; imperfecto; dos imperfectos",{"title":385,"slug":386,"language":324},"Pretérito indefinido e imperfecto: introducción","preterito-indefinido-e-imperfecto-introduccion"]