[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"grammar-exercise-019f7f70-5279-7aea-88a7-b9298802035f":3,"grammar-exercise-lesson-019f7f70-3077-758d-911e-e73b30017c11":386},["Reactive",4],{"id":5,"grammarPage":6,"title":7,"instructions":8,"displayOrder":9,"type":10,"questions":11,"ogImageUrl":385},"019f7f70-5279-7aea-88a7-b9298802035f","\u002Fapi\u002Fgrammar_pages\u002F019f7f70-3077-758d-911e-e73b30017c11","Límites, hábitos y fondo","Completa o interpreta cada contraste según presente una acción cerrada, un hábito, el fondo o un nuevo evento.",0,"word_select",[12,43,70,126,168,198,229,248,267,310,338,366],{"id":13,"sentenceTemplate":14,"displayOrder":9,"explanation":15,"exampleSentence":16,"blanks":17},"019f7f70-5279-7cca-88a7-b9298cde0d2c","Ayer, en una única jornada ya terminada, yo __1__ ocho horas; durante varios años, sin contar las ocasiones, yo __2__ en casa todos los viernes. El infinitivo es trabajar.","«Trabajé» presenta una jornada completa y limitada; «trabajaba» presenta una costumbre abierta.","El lunes estudié tres horas, pero de niño estudiaba en la biblioteca cada tarde.",[18,34],{"id":19,"blankNumber":20,"options":21},"019f7f70-5279-7bea-88a7-b92989b58ec4",1,[22,26,30],{"id":23,"optionText":24,"isCorrect":25,"displayOrder":9},"019f7f70-5279-7b66-88a7-b92988403800","trabajé",true,{"id":27,"optionText":28,"isCorrect":29,"displayOrder":20},"019f7f70-5279-7b9e-88a7-b92988e0495d","trabajaba",false,{"id":31,"optionText":32,"isCorrect":29,"displayOrder":33},"019f7f70-5279-7bc6-88a7-b92989b47bf2","trabajo",2,{"id":35,"blankNumber":33,"options":36},"019f7f70-5279-7c8e-88a7-b9298c847ff6",[37,39,41],{"id":38,"optionText":24,"isCorrect":29,"displayOrder":9},"019f7f70-5279-7c2e-88a7-b9298a16f1db",{"id":40,"optionText":28,"isCorrect":25,"displayOrder":20},"019f7f70-5279-7c4e-88a7-b9298ad1a049",{"id":42,"optionText":32,"isCorrect":29,"displayOrder":33},"019f7f70-5279-7c6e-88a7-b9298b8f3052",{"id":44,"sentenceTemplate":45,"displayOrder":20,"explanation":46,"exampleSentence":47,"blanks":48},"019f7f70-5279-7e4e-88a7-b9298fa0a6dd","La semana pasada, dentro de un periodo cerrado, Ana __1__ exactamente tres veces y no volvió a hacerlo; durante años, Ana __2__ a su abuela todas las tardes. El infinitivo es llamar.","La cantidad exacta «tres veces» cierra la repetición y pide «llamó»; «todas las tardes» presenta el hábito «llamaba».","En junio fui dos veces al dentista; antes iba cada mes.",[49,61],{"id":50,"blankNumber":20,"options":51},"019f7f70-5279-7d82-88a7-b9298d5610e0",[52,55,58],{"id":53,"optionText":54,"isCorrect":29,"displayOrder":9},"019f7f70-5279-7d22-88a7-b9298cdf5d00","llamaba",{"id":56,"optionText":57,"isCorrect":29,"displayOrder":20},"019f7f70-5279-7d46-88a7-b9298d03ea70","llama",{"id":59,"optionText":60,"isCorrect":25,"displayOrder":33},"019f7f70-5279-7d66-88a7-b9298d22a6f2","llamó",{"id":62,"blankNumber":33,"options":63},"019f7f70-5279-7e16-88a7-b9298ee40f3c",[64,66,68],{"id":65,"optionText":54,"isCorrect":25,"displayOrder":9},"019f7f70-5279-7dba-88a7-b9298dc0c4bc",{"id":67,"optionText":60,"isCorrect":29,"displayOrder":20},"019f7f70-5279-7dda-88a7-b9298dd88ee0",{"id":69,"optionText":57,"isCorrect":29,"displayOrder":33},"019f7f70-5279-7dfa-88a7-b9298df61151",{"id":71,"sentenceTemplate":72,"displayOrder":33,"explanation":73,"exampleSentence":74,"blanks":75},"019f7f70-527a-715e-9283-b7b53a769d83","Antes de que ocurriera el hecho principal, el narrador abre la escena: __1__ las diez, __2__ frío, Marta __3__ veinte años y las calles __4__ vacías.","La hora, el tiempo atmosférico, la edad y el estado describen el fondo; por eso usamos «eran, hacía, tenía, estaban».","Era temprano, llovía y el pueblo estaba en silencio.",[76,88,100,113],{"id":77,"blankNumber":20,"options":78},"019f7f70-5279-7f16-88a7-b929919fc824",[79,82,85],{"id":80,"optionText":81,"isCorrect":29,"displayOrder":9},"019f7f70-5279-7eb6-88a7-b929904d9e06","Fueron",{"id":83,"optionText":84,"isCorrect":25,"displayOrder":20},"019f7f70-5279-7eda-88a7-b92990f66111","Eran",{"id":86,"optionText":87,"isCorrect":29,"displayOrder":33},"019f7f70-5279-7ef6-88a7-b9299146329f","Son",{"id":89,"blankNumber":33,"options":90},"019f7f70-527a-7006-9283-b7b534fa3dfd",[91,94,97],{"id":92,"optionText":93,"isCorrect":29,"displayOrder":9},"019f7f70-5279-7f46-88a7-b92991b14382","hizo",{"id":95,"optionText":96,"isCorrect":29,"displayOrder":20},"019f7f70-5279-7f66-88a7-b929928d4e2b","hace",{"id":98,"optionText":99,"isCorrect":25,"displayOrder":33},"019f7f70-5279-7f86-88a7-b9299388f014","hacía",{"id":101,"blankNumber":102,"options":103},"019f7f70-527a-7096-9283-b7b537400e7a",3,[104,107,110],{"id":105,"optionText":106,"isCorrect":25,"displayOrder":9},"019f7f70-527a-703e-9283-b7b5359eb716","tenía",{"id":108,"optionText":109,"isCorrect":29,"displayOrder":20},"019f7f70-527a-705e-9283-b7b5362ae75e","tuvo",{"id":111,"optionText":112,"isCorrect":29,"displayOrder":33},"019f7f70-527a-707a-9283-b7b5370cf878","tiene",{"id":114,"blankNumber":115,"options":116},"019f7f70-527a-712a-9283-b7b53a16ce27",4,[117,120,123],{"id":118,"optionText":119,"isCorrect":29,"displayOrder":9},"019f7f70-527a-70ce-9283-b7b538385648","estuvieron",{"id":121,"optionText":122,"isCorrect":25,"displayOrder":20},"019f7f70-527a-70ea-9283-b7b538e74eea","estaban",{"id":124,"optionText":125,"isCorrect":29,"displayOrder":33},"019f7f70-527a-710a-9283-b7b5393f5fa1","están",{"id":127,"sentenceTemplate":128,"displayOrder":102,"explanation":129,"exampleSentence":130,"blanks":131},"019f7f70-527a-7396-9283-b7b5403f304b","Después de presentar el fondo, tres hechos hacen avanzar la historia: de repente un coche __1__, luego una mujer __2__ y finalmente __3__ la puerta. Los infinitivos son parar, bajar y abrir.","Los tres hechos aparecen como eventos completos y consecutivos: «paró, bajó, abrió».","De pronto sonó una alarma, todos salieron y el guardia cerró el edificio.",[132,144,156],{"id":133,"blankNumber":20,"options":134},"019f7f70-527a-7232-9283-b7b53c5e9c97",[135,138,141],{"id":136,"optionText":137,"isCorrect":29,"displayOrder":9},"019f7f70-527a-71d6-9283-b7b53aa54dcb","paraba",{"id":139,"optionText":140,"isCorrect":29,"displayOrder":20},"019f7f70-527a-71f6-9283-b7b53b61f609","para",{"id":142,"optionText":143,"isCorrect":25,"displayOrder":33},"019f7f70-527a-7216-9283-b7b53beb82f7","paró",{"id":145,"blankNumber":33,"options":146},"019f7f70-527a-72d2-9283-b7b53dec1be9",[147,150,153],{"id":148,"optionText":149,"isCorrect":25,"displayOrder":9},"019f7f70-527a-7266-9283-b7b53caa66db","bajó",{"id":151,"optionText":152,"isCorrect":29,"displayOrder":20},"019f7f70-527a-7292-9283-b7b53d238450","bajaba",{"id":154,"optionText":155,"isCorrect":29,"displayOrder":33},"019f7f70-527a-72b2-9283-b7b53d673feb","baja",{"id":157,"blankNumber":102,"options":158},"019f7f70-527a-735e-9283-b7b53fba50b9",[159,162,165],{"id":160,"optionText":161,"isCorrect":29,"displayOrder":9},"019f7f70-527a-7306-9283-b7b53dfbf32f","abría",{"id":163,"optionText":164,"isCorrect":25,"displayOrder":20},"019f7f70-527a-7326-9283-b7b53eed8ac0","abrió",{"id":166,"optionText":167,"isCorrect":29,"displayOrder":33},"019f7f70-527a-7342-9283-b7b53f15b237","abre",{"id":169,"sentenceTemplate":170,"displayOrder":115,"explanation":171,"exampleSentence":172,"blanks":173},"019f7f70-527a-753a-9283-b7b543ed6f1a","Anoche, a las dos, yo __1__ y esa acción estaba en curso cuando el teléfono __2__ una sola vez. Los infinitivos son dormir y sonar.","«Dormía» muestra la acción en desarrollo; «sonó» es el hecho puntual que ocurrió dentro de ella.","Caminábamos por el parque cuando empezó a granizar.",[174,186],{"id":175,"blankNumber":20,"options":176},"019f7f70-527a-7452-9283-b7b5421aadbe",[177,180,183],{"id":178,"optionText":179,"isCorrect":29,"displayOrder":9},"019f7f70-527a-73f6-9283-b7b5407ad96f","dormí",{"id":181,"optionText":182,"isCorrect":25,"displayOrder":20},"019f7f70-527a-741a-9283-b7b5411b3bd1","dormía",{"id":184,"optionText":185,"isCorrect":29,"displayOrder":33},"019f7f70-527a-7436-9283-b7b541817f54","duermo",{"id":187,"blankNumber":33,"options":188},"019f7f70-527a-7502-9283-b7b54374f8c0",[189,192,195],{"id":190,"optionText":191,"isCorrect":29,"displayOrder":9},"019f7f70-527a-7486-9283-b7b5430449d6","sonaba",{"id":193,"optionText":194,"isCorrect":29,"displayOrder":20},"019f7f70-527a-74c2-9283-b7b54319e570","suena",{"id":196,"optionText":197,"isCorrect":25,"displayOrder":33},"019f7f70-527a-74e6-9283-b7b5436dad97","sonó",{"id":199,"sentenceTemplate":200,"displayOrder":201,"explanation":202,"exampleSentence":203,"blanks":204},"019f7f70-527a-76c2-9283-b7b5478907b4","Antes de la cena, la cámara muestra dos acciones ya en curso, sin señalar su inicio ni su final: yo __1__ la comida mientras Paula __2__ la mesa. Los infinitivos son preparar y poner.",5,"Las dos acciones forman un fondo simultáneo y abierto: «preparaba» y «ponía».","Los niños dibujaban mientras su padre hablaba por teléfono.",[205,217],{"id":206,"blankNumber":20,"options":207},"019f7f70-527a-75ee-9283-b7b5463642a3",[208,211,214],{"id":209,"optionText":210,"isCorrect":25,"displayOrder":9},"019f7f70-527a-7592-9283-b7b5446a0a21","preparaba",{"id":212,"optionText":213,"isCorrect":29,"displayOrder":20},"019f7f70-527a-75b6-9283-b7b545320116","preparé",{"id":215,"optionText":216,"isCorrect":29,"displayOrder":33},"019f7f70-527a-75d2-9283-b7b54622098d","preparo",{"id":218,"blankNumber":33,"options":219},"019f7f70-527a-768e-9283-b7b5475d6cd1",[220,223,226],{"id":221,"optionText":222,"isCorrect":29,"displayOrder":9},"019f7f70-527a-762e-9283-b7b546826946","puso",{"id":224,"optionText":225,"isCorrect":25,"displayOrder":20},"019f7f70-527a-764e-9283-b7b546c630e9","ponía",{"id":227,"optionText":228,"isCorrect":29,"displayOrder":33},"019f7f70-527a-766e-9283-b7b546effe7e","pone",{"id":230,"sentenceTemplate":231,"displayOrder":232,"explanation":233,"exampleSentence":234,"blanks":235},"019f7f70-527a-77a2-9283-b7b54ab86f6a","Ayer seguí un plan cerrado: «Terminé el informe, cerré el ordenador y salí de la oficina». Esta serie presenta __1__.",6,"Los tres verbos cuentan hechos terminados y consecutivos; por eso están en indefinido.","Preparé la mochila, llamé un taxi y fui a la estación.",[236],{"id":237,"blankNumber":20,"options":238},"019f7f70-527a-776e-9283-b7b549c6bc22",[239,242,245],{"id":240,"optionText":241,"isCorrect":29,"displayOrder":9},"019f7f70-527a-7716-9283-b7b547e7be52","dos acciones simultáneas en imperfecto",{"id":243,"optionText":244,"isCorrect":29,"displayOrder":20},"019f7f70-527a-7736-9283-b7b5487d1b51","una costumbre abierta del pasado",{"id":246,"optionText":247,"isCorrect":25,"displayOrder":33},"019f7f70-527a-7752-9283-b7b548f13d9f","una secuencia de acciones completas en indefinido",{"id":249,"sentenceTemplate":250,"displayOrder":251,"explanation":252,"exampleSentence":253,"blanks":254},"019f7f70-527a-7872-9283-b7b54d2ccfe3","Compara dos usos de cuando: «Cuando vivía en Burgos, caminaba cada tarde» y «Cuando terminó la clase, los alumnos salieron una vez». El análisis correcto es __1__.",7,"Cuando no elige el tiempo: el primer contexto expresa una situación y un hábito; el segundo, dos hechos completos.","Cuando tenía diez años, nadaba a diario; cuando acabó el curso, viajé con mi familia.",[255],{"id":256,"blankNumber":20,"options":257},"019f7f70-527a-783e-9283-b7b54d13ff51",[258,261,264],{"id":259,"optionText":260,"isCorrect":25,"displayOrder":9},"019f7f70-527a-77e2-9283-b7b54b799d2e","vivía y caminaba son imperfectos; terminó y salieron son indefinidos",{"id":262,"optionText":263,"isCorrect":29,"displayOrder":20},"019f7f70-527a-7802-9283-b7b54c37ddd6","cuando obliga a usar imperfecto en los cuatro verbos",{"id":265,"optionText":266,"isCorrect":29,"displayOrder":33},"019f7f70-527a-7822-9283-b7b54c3f20d3","cuando obliga a usar indefinido en los cuatro verbos",{"id":268,"sentenceTemplate":269,"displayOrder":270,"explanation":271,"exampleSentence":272,"blanks":273},"019f7f70-527a-7a62-9283-b7b553e7d0b4","A las 10:15, la explicación de Teresa seguía en curso: Teresa __1__ el plan cuando el director __2__ y __3__ una decisión. Los infinitivos son explicar, entrar y anunciar.",8,"«Explicaba» es la acción en desarrollo; «entró» y «anunció» son dos hechos completos que hacen avanzar el relato.","Mientras esperábamos, llegó el tren y abrió sus puertas.",[274,286,298],{"id":275,"blankNumber":20,"options":276},"019f7f70-527a-790e-9283-b7b54e751d7b",[277,280,283],{"id":278,"optionText":279,"isCorrect":29,"displayOrder":9},"019f7f70-527a-78b2-9283-b7b54d740fc8","explicó",{"id":281,"optionText":282,"isCorrect":25,"displayOrder":20},"019f7f70-527a-78d2-9283-b7b54d98878e","explicaba",{"id":284,"optionText":285,"isCorrect":29,"displayOrder":33},"019f7f70-527a-78ee-9283-b7b54e1a605c","explica",{"id":287,"blankNumber":33,"options":288},"019f7f70-527a-79a2-9283-b7b550ace72a",[289,292,295],{"id":290,"optionText":291,"isCorrect":29,"displayOrder":9},"019f7f70-527a-793e-9283-b7b54e9a9300","entraba",{"id":293,"optionText":294,"isCorrect":29,"displayOrder":20},"019f7f70-527a-795e-9283-b7b54f6df292","entra",{"id":296,"optionText":297,"isCorrect":25,"displayOrder":33},"019f7f70-527a-7986-9283-b7b550267341","entró",{"id":299,"blankNumber":102,"options":300},"019f7f70-527a-7a2e-9283-b7b55356e4fe",[301,304,307],{"id":302,"optionText":303,"isCorrect":25,"displayOrder":9},"019f7f70-527a-79d6-9283-b7b5518e3615","anunció",{"id":305,"optionText":306,"isCorrect":29,"displayOrder":20},"019f7f70-527a-79f6-9283-b7b552377482","anunciaba",{"id":308,"optionText":309,"isCorrect":29,"displayOrder":33},"019f7f70-527a-7a12-9283-b7b552b9205d","anuncia",{"id":311,"sentenceTemplate":312,"displayOrder":313,"explanation":314,"exampleSentence":315,"blanks":316},"019f7f70-527a-7be2-9283-b7b557d0dd7f","Con el infinitivo ser, al contar desde dentro cómo se vivía una conferencia, decimos «La conferencia __1__ interesante»; al valorarla como un evento ya completo, decimos «La conferencia __2__ un éxito».",9,"«Era» abre una descripción desde dentro; «fue» valora el evento completo.","El apartamento era luminoso y la estancia fue muy agradable.",[317,329],{"id":318,"blankNumber":20,"options":319},"019f7f70-527a-7b22-9283-b7b5562f317a",[320,323,326],{"id":321,"optionText":322,"isCorrect":29,"displayOrder":9},"019f7f70-527a-7ac6-9283-b7b554e627ad","fue",{"id":324,"optionText":325,"isCorrect":29,"displayOrder":20},"019f7f70-527a-7ae6-9283-b7b555a03382","es",{"id":327,"optionText":328,"isCorrect":25,"displayOrder":33},"019f7f70-527a-7b06-9283-b7b555db183f","era",{"id":330,"blankNumber":33,"options":331},"019f7f70-527a-7bb2-9283-b7b557bddc79",[332,334,336],{"id":333,"optionText":328,"isCorrect":29,"displayOrder":9},"019f7f70-527a-7b56-9283-b7b556e7ce67",{"id":335,"optionText":322,"isCorrect":25,"displayOrder":20},"019f7f70-527a-7b76-9283-b7b55729424e",{"id":337,"optionText":325,"isCorrect":29,"displayOrder":33},"019f7f70-527a-7b96-9283-b7b557a71b54",{"id":339,"sentenceTemplate":340,"displayOrder":341,"explanation":342,"exampleSentence":343,"blanks":344},"019f7f70-527a-7d5a-9283-b7b55bdb5a57","Con el infinitivo poder, durante el apagón describo la dificultad abierta «No __1__ ver la pantalla»; después de tres intentos, cierro el resultado negativo: «Al final no __2__ abrir el archivo y me fui».",10,"«No podía» describe una dificultad en curso; «no pude» afirma que el intento terminó sin éxito.","Antes no podía levantar la caja; ayer lo intenté, pero no pude moverla.",[345,357],{"id":346,"blankNumber":20,"options":347},"019f7f70-527a-7c92-9283-b7b55a7644d9",[348,351,354],{"id":349,"optionText":350,"isCorrect":25,"displayOrder":9},"019f7f70-527a-7c36-9283-b7b558a9aa16","podía",{"id":352,"optionText":353,"isCorrect":29,"displayOrder":20},"019f7f70-527a-7c56-9283-b7b55960477d","pude",{"id":355,"optionText":356,"isCorrect":29,"displayOrder":33},"019f7f70-527a-7c76-9283-b7b559f3ea78","puedo",{"id":358,"blankNumber":33,"options":359},"019f7f70-527a-7d26-9283-b7b55b549106",[360,362,364],{"id":361,"optionText":350,"isCorrect":29,"displayOrder":9},"019f7f70-527a-7cc2-9283-b7b55abdf831",{"id":363,"optionText":356,"isCorrect":29,"displayOrder":20},"019f7f70-527a-7cea-9283-b7b55ae91937",{"id":365,"optionText":353,"isCorrect":25,"displayOrder":33},"019f7f70-527a-7d0a-9283-b7b55b46d381",{"id":367,"sentenceTemplate":368,"displayOrder":369,"explanation":370,"exampleSentence":371,"blanks":372},"019f7f70-527a-7e36-9283-b7b55f11853c","Para revisar cuatro casos —un hecho terminado, un hábito sin cantidad cerrada, una circunstancia de fondo y una acción en curso interrumpida— la selección correcta es __1__.",11,"El hecho terminado usa indefinido; el hábito, el fondo y la acción en desarrollo usan imperfecto, junto con indefinido para el evento que interrumpe.","Ayer terminé el trabajo; antes trabajaba por la noche; hacía calor cuando salí.",[373],{"id":374,"blankNumber":20,"options":375},"019f7f70-527a-7e06-9283-b7b55e5b7a8d",[376,379,382],{"id":377,"optionText":378,"isCorrect":29,"displayOrder":9},"019f7f70-527a-7daa-9283-b7b55c76f578","imperfecto; indefinido; indefinido; dos indefinidos",{"id":380,"optionText":381,"isCorrect":25,"displayOrder":20},"019f7f70-527a-7dca-9283-b7b55d0f3ca4","indefinido; imperfecto; imperfecto; imperfecto + indefinido",{"id":383,"optionText":384,"isCorrect":29,"displayOrder":33},"019f7f70-527a-7dea-9283-b7b55de96ad5","indefinido; indefinido; imperfecto; dos imperfectos","\u002Fuploads\u002Fimages\u002Fgpimg_019f7e4c-4260-76c8-b1b0-d97d9b40a65e_hero.webp",{"title":387,"slug":388,"language":325,"level":389},"Pretérito indefinido e imperfecto: introducción","preterito-indefinido-e-imperfecto-introduccion","A2"]