[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"grammar-exercise-019f7f70-5326-7532-b259-ec854f0f66ca":3,"grammar-exercise-lesson-019f7f70-3085-7f63-91bf-57a7aaf6f799":281},["Reactive",4],{"id":5,"grammarPage":6,"title":7,"instructions":8,"displayOrder":9,"type":10,"questions":11,"ogImageUrl":280},"019f7f70-5326-7532-b259-ec854f0f66ca","\u002Fapi\u002Fgrammar_pages\u002F019f7f70-3085-7f63-91bf-57a7aaf6f799","Marcos abiertos y cerrados","Elige el tiempo que corresponde al marco temporal y a la relación que el hablante establece con el presente.",0,"word_select",[12,34,50,78,97,116,135,154,173,191,222,250],{"id":13,"sentenceTemplate":14,"displayOrder":9,"explanation":15,"exampleSentence":16,"blanks":17},"019fc2c5-5dce-7855-81fb-47c166b1e25d","Este mes el equipo ya tiene tres contratos nuevos: «Este mes el equipo __1__ tres contratos».","El mes sigue abierto y el resultado es relevante ahora: «ha firmado».","Esta semana hemos recibido muchas consultas.",[18],{"id":19,"blankNumber":20,"options":21},"019fc2c5-5dce-77f9-81fb-47c1669a85a3",1,[22,26,30],{"id":23,"optionText":24,"isCorrect":25,"displayOrder":9},"019fc2c5-5dce-773d-81fb-47c16440373c","firmó",false,{"id":27,"optionText":28,"isCorrect":29,"displayOrder":20},"019fc2c5-5dce-779d-81fb-47c164e5290f","ha firmado",true,{"id":31,"optionText":32,"isCorrect":25,"displayOrder":33},"019fc2c5-5dce-77d1-81fb-47c165be4a64","había firmado",2,{"id":35,"sentenceTemplate":36,"displayOrder":20,"explanation":37,"exampleSentence":38,"blanks":39},"019fc2c5-5dce-7951-81fb-47c16843dfc2","El mes de junio ya terminó: «En junio el equipo __1__ tres contratos». El infinitivo es firmar.","Firmó sitúa el hecho completo dentro de un mes ya cerrado.","El trimestre pasado aumentaron las ventas.",[40],{"id":41,"blankNumber":20,"options":42},"019fc2c5-5dce-7911-81fb-47c16795411d",[43,45,47],{"id":44,"optionText":24,"isCorrect":29,"displayOrder":9},"019fc2c5-5dce-78a9-81fb-47c166eade93",{"id":46,"optionText":28,"isCorrect":25,"displayOrder":20},"019fc2c5-5dce-78d1-81fb-47c1670603c3",{"id":48,"optionText":49,"isCorrect":25,"displayOrder":33},"019fc2c5-5dce-78f1-81fb-47c167677fa0","firmaría",{"id":51,"sentenceTemplate":52,"displayOrder":33,"explanation":53,"exampleSentence":54,"blanks":55},"019fc2c5-5dce-7ad9-81fb-47c16cd62c07","Contrasta los marcos: «Hasta ahora no __1__ ninguna avería»; «Durante la campaña pasada no __2__ ninguna avería». El infinitivo es tener.","Hasta ahora incluye el presente y favorece hemos tenido; la campaña pasada está cerrada y exige tuvimos en el contraste enseñado.","Este año hemos tenido suerte; el año pasado tuvimos varios retrasos.",[56,68],{"id":57,"blankNumber":20,"options":58},"019fc2c5-5dce-7a09-81fb-47c16a6d7d91",[59,62,65],{"id":60,"optionText":61,"isCorrect":25,"displayOrder":9},"019fc2c5-5dce-7999-81fb-47c16928edd5","tuvimos",{"id":63,"optionText":64,"isCorrect":29,"displayOrder":20},"019fc2c5-5dce-79c9-81fb-47c16947b309","hemos tenido",{"id":66,"optionText":67,"isCorrect":25,"displayOrder":33},"019fc2c5-5dce-79e9-81fb-47c169d2dc19","habíamos tenido",{"id":69,"blankNumber":33,"options":70},"019fc2c5-5dce-7a9d-81fb-47c16c1f202c",[71,73,75],{"id":72,"optionText":61,"isCorrect":29,"displayOrder":9},"019fc2c5-5dce-7a41-81fb-47c16ab8896d",{"id":74,"optionText":64,"isCorrect":25,"displayOrder":20},"019fc2c5-5dce-7a61-81fb-47c16aea2e15",{"id":76,"optionText":77,"isCorrect":25,"displayOrder":33},"019fc2c5-5dce-7a7d-81fb-47c16b92b26c","tendríamos",{"id":79,"sentenceTemplate":80,"displayOrder":81,"explanation":82,"exampleSentence":83,"blanks":84},"019fc2c5-5dce-7bcd-81fb-47c16f34d4c7","En esta entrevista, preguntas por una experiencia de la vida hasta ahora: «¿Alguna vez __1__ en un coro?».",3,"Sin fecha cerrada, «has cantado» presenta la experiencia hasta el presente.","¿Has participado alguna vez en una carrera popular?",[85],{"id":86,"blankNumber":20,"options":87},"019fc2c5-5dce-7b91-81fb-47c16e3f0095",[88,91,94],{"id":89,"optionText":90,"isCorrect":25,"displayOrder":9},"019fc2c5-5dce-7b35-81fb-47c16cfea196","cantabas",{"id":92,"optionText":93,"isCorrect":29,"displayOrder":20},"019fc2c5-5dce-7b55-81fb-47c16d1f19c9","has cantado",{"id":95,"optionText":96,"isCorrect":25,"displayOrder":33},"019fc2c5-5dce-7b75-81fb-47c16d71e1dc","habías cantado",{"id":98,"sentenceTemplate":99,"displayOrder":100,"explanation":101,"exampleSentence":102,"blanks":103},"019fc2c5-5dce-7cad-81fb-47c17183673c","La respuesta añade una fecha cerrada: «Sí, __1__ en uno durante el curso de 2021». El infinitivo es cantar.",4,"La referencia concreta al curso de 2021 sitúa la experiencia en un marco terminado y se presenta con canté.","Sí, probé ese plato en Lima en 2022.",[104],{"id":105,"blankNumber":20,"options":106},"019fc2c5-5dce-7c71-81fb-47c170ccc3dc",[107,110,113],{"id":108,"optionText":109,"isCorrect":29,"displayOrder":9},"019fc2c5-5dce-7c15-81fb-47c16fe55973","canté",{"id":111,"optionText":112,"isCorrect":25,"displayOrder":20},"019fc2c5-5dce-7c35-81fb-47c17069d744","he cantado",{"id":114,"optionText":115,"isCorrect":25,"displayOrder":33},"019fc2c5-5dce-7c55-81fb-47c1709f5861","cantaría",{"id":117,"sentenceTemplate":118,"displayOrder":119,"explanation":120,"exampleSentence":121,"blanks":122},"019fc2c5-5dce-7d95-81fb-47c173f243af","El informe está listo ahora; puedes abrirlo: «Ya __1__ el informe».",5,"«He terminado» presenta un resultado disponible ahora.","He reparado la impresora; ya funciona.",[123],{"id":124,"blankNumber":20,"options":125},"019fc2c5-5dce-7d59-81fb-47c17337be10",[126,129,132],{"id":127,"optionText":128,"isCorrect":25,"displayOrder":9},"019fc2c5-5dce-7cf1-81fb-47c172135e63","terminaba",{"id":130,"optionText":131,"isCorrect":29,"displayOrder":20},"019fc2c5-5dce-7d11-81fb-47c172a64ee7","he terminado",{"id":133,"optionText":134,"isCorrect":25,"displayOrder":33},"019fc2c5-5dce-7d31-81fb-47c172ccab33","había terminado",{"id":136,"sentenceTemplate":137,"displayOrder":138,"explanation":139,"exampleSentence":140,"blanks":141},"019fc2c5-5dce-7e71-81fb-47c176226834","La decisión sigue pendiente ahora: «Todavía no __1__ qué proveedor elegir».",6,"«No hemos decidido» conecta la falta de decisión con la situación actual.","Aún no han publicado el programa.",[142],{"id":143,"blankNumber":20,"options":144},"019fc2c5-5dce-7e39-81fb-47c1760f1862",[145,148,151],{"id":146,"optionText":147,"isCorrect":29,"displayOrder":9},"019fc2c5-5dce-7ddd-81fb-47c17437b4f2","hemos decidido",{"id":149,"optionText":150,"isCorrect":25,"displayOrder":20},"019fc2c5-5dce-7dfd-81fb-47c174d4587b","decidíamos",{"id":152,"optionText":153,"isCorrect":25,"displayOrder":33},"019fc2c5-5dce-7e1d-81fb-47c1757f33b1","decidiríamos",{"id":155,"sentenceTemplate":156,"displayOrder":157,"explanation":158,"exampleSentence":159,"blanks":160},"019fc2c5-5dce-7f4d-81fb-47c17922ea8b","La persona se instaló hace cinco años y aún vive en el mismo lugar. Dice: __1__",7,"«Llevo cinco años viviendo aquí» expresa una duración que continúa en el presente.","Llevo dos meses trabajando en este proyecto y todavía no ha terminado.",[161],{"id":162,"blankNumber":20,"options":163},"019fc2c5-5dce-7f15-81fb-47c1787ef069",[164,167,170],{"id":165,"optionText":166,"isCorrect":25,"displayOrder":9},"019fc2c5-5dce-7eb5-81fb-47c176e1228f","Viví",{"id":168,"optionText":169,"isCorrect":29,"displayOrder":20},"019fc2c5-5dce-7ed5-81fb-47c177bbd31c","Llevo cinco años viviendo aquí.",{"id":171,"optionText":172,"isCorrect":25,"displayOrder":33},"019fc2c5-5dce-7ef5-81fb-47c177e647e8","Vivía",{"id":174,"sentenceTemplate":175,"displayOrder":176,"explanation":177,"exampleSentence":178,"blanks":179},"019fc2c5-5dcf-7090-958e-f11b0f7a928c","La persona se mudó después de una etapa completa de cinco años. Dice: «__1__ allí cinco años».",8,"Viví presenta ese periodo residencial como una etapa terminada.","Trabajé en esa oficina durante cuatro años y luego cambié de empresa.",[180],{"id":181,"blankNumber":20,"options":182},"019fc2c5-5dcf-7054-958e-f11b0f2a839b",[183,185,188],{"id":184,"optionText":166,"isCorrect":29,"displayOrder":9},"019fc2c5-5dce-7f91-81fb-47c179ae943d",{"id":186,"optionText":187,"isCorrect":25,"displayOrder":20},"019fc2c5-5dcf-7010-958e-f11b0e300991","He vivido",{"id":189,"optionText":190,"isCorrect":25,"displayOrder":33},"019fc2c5-5dcf-7038-958e-f11b0efa0ef2","Viviría",{"id":192,"sentenceTemplate":193,"displayOrder":194,"explanation":195,"exampleSentence":196,"blanks":197},"019fc2c5-5dcf-7210-958e-f11b1406d1aa","En una variedad que mantiene el contraste, resume los avances actuales y los contactos de un congreso ya terminado: «Hasta hoy nosotros __1__ varias solicitudes; en el congreso de 2023 __2__ menos contactos». Los infinitivos son recibir y conseguir.",9,"«Hasta hoy» incluye el presente y usa «hemos recibido»; el congreso de 2023 es un marco cerrado y usa «conseguimos».","Hasta ahora hemos recibido respuestas; en la feria de 2022 conseguimos menos clientes.",[198,210],{"id":199,"blankNumber":20,"options":200},"019fc2c5-5dcf-7138-958e-f11b112a8723",[201,204,207],{"id":202,"optionText":203,"isCorrect":25,"displayOrder":9},"019fc2c5-5dcf-70d4-958e-f11b0f8b6943","recibíamos",{"id":205,"optionText":206,"isCorrect":25,"displayOrder":20},"019fc2c5-5dcf-70fc-958e-f11b0fb8e5b9","recibimos",{"id":208,"optionText":209,"isCorrect":29,"displayOrder":33},"019fc2c5-5dcf-711c-958e-f11b1085432a","hemos recibido",{"id":211,"blankNumber":33,"options":212},"019fc2c5-5dcf-71d4-958e-f11b13ed87c1",[213,216,219],{"id":214,"optionText":215,"isCorrect":25,"displayOrder":9},"019fc2c5-5dcf-716c-958e-f11b11d2e352","hemos conseguido",{"id":217,"optionText":218,"isCorrect":25,"displayOrder":20},"019fc2c5-5dcf-7198-958e-f11b1282cf10","conseguíamos",{"id":220,"optionText":221,"isCorrect":29,"displayOrder":33},"019fc2c5-5dcf-71b8-958e-f11b12fd7d98","conseguimos",{"id":223,"sentenceTemplate":224,"displayOrder":225,"explanation":226,"exampleSentence":227,"blanks":228},"019fc2c5-5dcf-738c-958e-f11b189625dc","En la misma variedad, el resultado está disponible ahora y el otro envío tiene una fecha cerrada: «Ya te __1__ la propuesta; ayer te __2__ el presupuesto». El infinitivo es enviar.",10,"He enviado destaca el resultado disponible ahora; envié sitúa el segundo envío en el día cerrado ayer.","Ya he respondido a Ana; ayer respondí a Luis.",[229,241],{"id":230,"blankNumber":20,"options":231},"019fc2c5-5dcf-72c4-958e-f11b16166dbb",[232,235,238],{"id":233,"optionText":234,"isCorrect":25,"displayOrder":9},"019fc2c5-5dcf-7268-958e-f11b14bdf65b","enviaba",{"id":236,"optionText":237,"isCorrect":25,"displayOrder":20},"019fc2c5-5dcf-7288-958e-f11b1576f75e","envié",{"id":239,"optionText":240,"isCorrect":29,"displayOrder":33},"019fc2c5-5dcf-72a8-958e-f11b1594e1bb","he enviado",{"id":242,"blankNumber":33,"options":243},"019fc2c5-5dcf-7354-958e-f11b17eb9ba0",[244,246,248],{"id":245,"optionText":240,"isCorrect":25,"displayOrder":9},"019fc2c5-5dcf-72f8-958e-f11b16cdc418",{"id":247,"optionText":234,"isCorrect":25,"displayOrder":20},"019fc2c5-5dcf-7318-958e-f11b1722628b",{"id":249,"optionText":237,"isCorrect":29,"displayOrder":33},"019fc2c5-5dcf-7334-958e-f11b172ff655",{"id":251,"sentenceTemplate":252,"displayOrder":253,"explanation":254,"exampleSentence":255,"blanks":256},"019fc2c5-5dcf-7544-958e-f11b1c8a8237","Clara todavía vive en Zaragoza, pero su etapa en Lima terminó: «__1__ en Zaragoza desde 2021; antes __2__ cinco años en Lima». El infinitivo es vivir.",11,"Ha vivido conecta la residencia vigente con el presente; vivió presenta la etapa de Lima como terminada.","He trabajado aquí desde enero; antes trabajé tres años en otra empresa.",[257,268],{"id":258,"blankNumber":20,"options":259},"019fc2c5-5dcf-7444-958e-f11b1a32f456",[260,263,266],{"id":261,"optionText":262,"isCorrect":25,"displayOrder":9},"019fc2c5-5dcf-73e8-958e-f11b18b6de76","Vivió",{"id":264,"optionText":265,"isCorrect":29,"displayOrder":20},"019fc2c5-5dcf-7408-958e-f11b1971a0be","Ha vivido",{"id":267,"optionText":172,"isCorrect":25,"displayOrder":33},"019fc2c5-5dcf-7424-958e-f11b199427ca",{"id":269,"blankNumber":33,"options":270},"019fc2c5-5dcf-74f8-958e-f11b1ba7bbc3",[271,274,277],{"id":272,"optionText":273,"isCorrect":25,"displayOrder":9},"019fc2c5-5dcf-7478-958e-f11b1af3b157","ha vivido",{"id":275,"optionText":276,"isCorrect":25,"displayOrder":20},"019fc2c5-5dcf-7494-958e-f11b1afb7784","vivía",{"id":278,"optionText":279,"isCorrect":29,"displayOrder":33},"019fc2c5-5dcf-74d8-958e-f11b1b1e9ee6","vivió","\u002Fuploads\u002Fimages\u002Fgpimg_019f7e4c-44a2-7953-9caf-e31786f3374c_hero.webp",{"title":282,"slug":283,"language":284,"level":285},"Pretérito perfecto compuesto frente al indefinido","preterito-perfecto-compuesto-frente-al-indefinido","es","B1"]