[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"grammar-exercise-019faa5f-85c3-7f00-8df4-343fbb373da3":3,"grammar-exercise-lesson-019ba8b8-bc3e-7662-8e7a-4c432325ad08":164},["Reactive",4],{"id":5,"grammarPage":6,"title":7,"instructions":8,"displayOrder":9,"type":10,"questions":11,"ogImageUrl":163},"019faa5f-85c3-7f00-8df4-343fbb373da3","\u002Fapi\u002Fgrammar_pages\u002F019ba8b8-bc3e-7662-8e7a-4c432325ad08","Build Evidence, Necessity, and Hindsight","Tap the words in the correct order to build each nuanced past judgment. One extra word does not belong.",2,"sentence_builder",[12,31,45,59,74,89,104,119,134,148],{"id":13,"sentenceTemplate":14,"displayOrder":15,"explanation":16,"exampleSentence":17,"blanks":18},"019fc2c4-a402-7a4c-bf82-c43d2bd71809","Build the sentence: __1__",0,"The recorded departure supports a strong positive deduction, so use \"must have left\"; a modal takes \"have\", not \"having\".","The audit records her logout, so she must have finished for the day.",[19],{"id":20,"blankNumber":21,"options":22},"019fc2c4-a402-79f4-bf82-c43d2afab927",1,[23,27],{"id":24,"optionText":25,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":15},"019fc2c4-a402-7964-bf82-c43d2a1b6caa","The exit log records her departure, so she must have left.",true,{"id":28,"optionText":29,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":21},"019fc2c4-a402-79c0-bf82-c43d2ad3e81f","having",false,{"id":32,"sentenceTemplate":14,"displayOrder":21,"explanation":33,"exampleSentence":34,"blanks":35},"019fc2c4-a402-7b38-bf82-c43d2e44063f","From the narrator’s past viewpoint, the unfinished draft proves that completion was impossible, so use \"couldn’t have finished\"; \"has\" cannot follow a modal.","At that point, we believed the courier couldn’t have arrived already.",[36],{"id":37,"blankNumber":21,"options":38},"019fc2c4-a402-7afc-bf82-c43d2dc90a12",[39,42],{"id":40,"optionText":41,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":15},"019fc2c4-a402-7ab0-bf82-c43d2c5161eb","has",{"id":43,"optionText":44,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":21},"019fc2c4-a402-7ad8-bf82-c43d2cf366c5","At the time, the unfinished draft proved he couldn't have finished so quickly.",{"id":46,"sentenceTemplate":14,"displayOrder":9,"explanation":47,"exampleSentence":48,"blanks":49},"019fc2c4-a402-7bfc-bf82-c43d2ff7c7ee","\"Might have failed\" presents one plausible but unconfirmed explanation; the perfect modal requires the participle \"failed\", not \"fails\".","One possibility is that the backup might have stopped overnight.",[50],{"id":51,"blankNumber":21,"options":52},"019fc2c4-a402-7bc4-bf82-c43d2f9d71fb",[53,56],{"id":54,"optionText":55,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":15},"019fc2c4-a402-7b7c-bf82-c43d2efa0f3d","One plausible explanation is that the sensor might have failed overnight.",{"id":57,"optionText":58,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":21},"019fc2c4-a402-7ba4-bf82-c43d2f959965","fails",{"id":60,"sentenceTemplate":14,"displayOrder":61,"explanation":62,"exampleSentence":63,"blanks":64},"019fc2c4-a402-7cb4-bf82-c43d322d834f",3,"The explicit lack of proof requires the formal hedge \"may have distorted\"; use the participle \"distorted\" after \"have\", not \"distort\".","The review noted that incomplete sampling may have affected the outcome.",[65],{"id":66,"blankNumber":21,"options":67},"019fc2c4-a402-7c80-bf82-c43d31800ba8",[68,71],{"id":69,"optionText":70,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":15},"019fc2c4-a402-7c3c-bf82-c43d3090d7fe","distort",{"id":72,"optionText":73,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":21},"019fc2c4-a402-7c60-bf82-c43d30e1f6db","With no proof, the inquiry said missing records may have distorted the estimate.",{"id":75,"sentenceTemplate":14,"displayOrder":76,"explanation":77,"exampleSentence":78,"blanks":79},"019fc2c4-a402-7d6c-bf82-c43d34597135",4,"The phrase \"among several possibilities\" makes the conflict one possible explanation, so use the perfect form \"could have caused\", not \"could to caused\".","A timing error could have triggered the unexpected restart.",[80],{"id":81,"blankNumber":21,"options":82},"019fc2c4-a402-7d38-bf82-c43d340fae50",[83,86],{"id":84,"optionText":85,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":15},"019fc2c4-a402-7cf8-bf82-c43d32c93a26","Among several possibilities, a software conflict could have caused the shutdown.",{"id":87,"optionText":88,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":21},"019fc2c4-a402-7d18-bf82-c43d33a3f50e","to",{"id":90,"sentenceTemplate":14,"displayOrder":91,"explanation":92,"exampleSentence":93,"blanks":94},"019fc2c4-a402-7e2c-bf82-c43d35a19f75",5,"\"Had to take\" describes a real external necessity created by the road closure; past obligation is not expressed with \"must have\".","Because the bridge was closed, we had to follow the coastal road.",[95],{"id":96,"blankNumber":21,"options":97},"019fc2c4-a402-7df4-bf82-c43d35012ae7",[98,101],{"id":99,"optionText":100,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":15},"019fc2c4-a402-7db0-bf82-c43d347145c2","must",{"id":102,"optionText":103,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":21},"019fc2c4-a402-7dd0-bf82-c43d34be87e0","Because the road was closed, we had to take the ferry.",{"id":105,"sentenceTemplate":14,"displayOrder":106,"explanation":107,"exampleSentence":108,"blanks":109},"019fc2c4-a402-7ef4-bf82-c43d37fc09cc",6,"The uploaded file supports the deduction \"must have completed\"; after \"have\", use the participle \"completed\", not the finite form \"completes\".","The signed form is here, so Leo must have approved the request.",[110],{"id":111,"blankNumber":21,"options":112},"019fc2c4-a402-7eb8-bf82-c43d37289be6",[113,116],{"id":114,"optionText":115,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":15},"019fc2c4-a402-7e6c-bf82-c43d35ff3830","The file is uploaded, so Dana must have completed the task.",{"id":117,"optionText":118,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":21},"019fc2c4-a402-7e9c-bf82-c43d367afd87","completes",{"id":120,"sentenceTemplate":14,"displayOrder":121,"explanation":122,"exampleSentence":123,"blanks":124},"019fc2c4-a403-7012-8aff-b6e382d3f1c4",7,"The skipped check is evaluated with \"should have completed\"; replacing \"should\" with \"ought\" would require the extra word \"to\".","You ignored the final warning, although you should have investigated it.",[125],{"id":126,"blankNumber":21,"options":127},"019fc2c4-a402-7f78-bf82-c43d39665006",[128,131],{"id":129,"optionText":130,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":15},"019fc2c4-a402-7f34-bf82-c43d38e123f1","ought",{"id":132,"optionText":133,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":21},"019fc2c4-a402-7f58-bf82-c43d38fc6523","You skipped the check, although you should have completed it.",{"id":135,"sentenceTemplate":14,"displayOrder":136,"explanation":137,"exampleSentence":138,"blanks":139},"019fc2c4-a403-70d6-8aff-b6e384345429",8,"\"Ought to have disclosed\" evaluates an unfulfilled professional duty; the first clause confirms concealment.","He concealed the payment, although he ought to have declared it.",[140],{"id":141,"blankNumber":21,"options":142},"019fc2c4-a403-709e-8aff-b6e3834d9bfd",[143,146],{"id":144,"optionText":145,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":15},"019fc2c4-a403-705e-8aff-b6e382ed23af","She hid the connection, although she ought to have disclosed it before voting.",{"id":147,"optionText":100,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":21},"019fc2c4-a403-7082-8aff-b6e3833a7b4a",{"id":149,"sentenceTemplate":14,"displayOrder":150,"explanation":151,"exampleSentence":152,"blanks":153},"019fc2c4-a403-718e-8aff-b6e38520c289",9,"The first clause confirms the dismissal happened, while \"shouldn’t have ignored\" expresses hindsight; use the participle \"ignored\", not \"ignores\".","I rejected the offer, but I shouldn’t have decided so quickly.",[154],{"id":155,"blankNumber":21,"options":156},"019fc2c4-a403-7156-8aff-b6e384fba124",[157,160],{"id":158,"optionText":159,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":15},"019fc2c4-a403-7116-8aff-b6e3843eb25b","ignores",{"id":161,"optionText":162,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":21},"019fc2c4-a403-7136-8aff-b6e384b31242","Omar dismissed the warning, but he shouldn't have ignored the evidence.","\u002Fuploads\u002Fimages\u002Fgpimg_9673c6f3-2fbd-448a-90af-704b4821c92e_hero.webp",{"title":165,"slug":166,"language":167,"level":168},"Modals in the past","modals-in-the-past","en","C1"]