[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"grammar-exercise-019faa5f-870c-7204-a902-38a890cb8bc9":3,"grammar-exercise-lesson-019b84b5-2659-784a-9965-86ec3a2f4271":166},["Reactive",4],{"id":5,"grammarPage":6,"title":7,"instructions":8,"displayOrder":9,"type":10,"questions":11,"ogImageUrl":165},"019faa5f-870c-7204-a902-38a890cb8bc9","\u002Fapi\u002Fgrammar_pages\u002F019b84b5-2659-784a-9965-86ec3a2f4271","Build Past Deductions and Questions","Tap the words in the correct order to build each past deduction, prohibition, or natural question. Use must have or can’t have with past participles. One word does not belong.",3,"sentence_builder",[12,31,45,60,74,89,104,120,134,150],{"id":13,"sentenceTemplate":14,"displayOrder":15,"explanation":16,"exampleSentence":17,"blanks":18},"019fc2c4-a55d-7172-a085-5bb66ea7aea1","Build the deduction: __1__",0,"For a strong past deduction, put the modal sequence after the subject: \"it must have\" + past participle \"rained\".","The streets are wet; it must have rained earlier.",[19],{"id":20,"blankNumber":21,"options":22},"019fc2c4-a55d-7116-a085-5bb66db1f65e",1,[23,27],{"id":24,"optionText":25,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":15},"019fc2c4-a55d-7082-a085-5bb66cec41f2","rains",false,{"id":28,"optionText":29,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":21},"019fc2c4-a55d-70e2-a085-5bb66d05f818","The ground is wet; it must have rained overnight.",true,{"id":32,"sentenceTemplate":14,"displayOrder":21,"explanation":33,"exampleSentence":34,"blanks":35},"019fc2c4-a55d-7246-a085-5bb671a8f120","The past deduction follows subject + \"must have\" + past participle: \"he must have stayed\".","Maya is sunburned; she must have spent hours outside.",[36],{"id":37,"blankNumber":21,"options":38},"019fc2c4-a55d-720a-a085-5bb670da214d",[39,42],{"id":40,"optionText":41,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":15},"019fc2c4-a55d-71c2-a085-5bb66f29ce65","Leo is sunburned; he must have stayed outside too long.",{"id":43,"optionText":44,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":21},"019fc2c4-a55d-71ea-a085-5bb66fe81ec8","stay",{"id":46,"sentenceTemplate":14,"displayOrder":47,"explanation":48,"exampleSentence":49,"blanks":50},"019fc2c4-a55d-7302-a085-5bb673ffe730",2,"After the subject \"the guests\", use \"must have\" + the irregular past participle \"eaten\", not the past form \"ate\".","The sandwiches are gone; someone must have eaten them.",[51],{"id":52,"blankNumber":21,"options":53},"019fc2c4-a55d-72ce-a085-5bb6739b4955",[54,57],{"id":55,"optionText":56,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":15},"019fc2c4-a55d-728a-a085-5bb6726649ca","ate",{"id":58,"optionText":59,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":21},"019fc2c4-a55d-72ae-a085-5bb672c549c2","The cake is gone; the guests must have eaten it.",{"id":61,"sentenceTemplate":14,"displayOrder":9,"explanation":62,"exampleSentence":63,"blanks":64},"019fc2c4-a55d-73be-a085-5bb676634775","For an impossible past action, use subject + \"can’t have\" + past participle: \"she can’t have attended\".","Leo was in hospital, so he can't have joined the trip.",[65],{"id":66,"blankNumber":21,"options":67},"019fc2c4-a55d-7386-a085-5bb675bac670",[68,71],{"id":69,"optionText":70,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":15},"019fc2c4-a55d-7346-a085-5bb674bbbc64","Ava was abroad, so she can't have attended the meeting.",{"id":72,"optionText":73,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":21},"019fc2c4-a55d-736a-a085-5bb674dd6f3d","attend",{"id":75,"sentenceTemplate":14,"displayOrder":76,"explanation":77,"exampleSentence":78,"blanks":79},"019fc2c4-a55d-7486-a085-5bb678352a38",4,"The negative past deduction uses subject + \"can’t have\" + past participle \"finished\"; a modal is followed by \"have\", not \"has\".","The race began five minutes ago; it can't have finished already.",[80],{"id":81,"blankNumber":21,"options":82},"019fc2c4-a55d-7452-a085-5bb67770be5c",[83,86],{"id":84,"optionText":85,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":15},"019fc2c4-a55d-73fe-a085-5bb676fe59b2","has",{"id":87,"optionText":88,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":21},"019fc2c4-a55d-7432-a085-5bb6773dda68","The project began yesterday; they can't have finished it already.",{"id":90,"sentenceTemplate":14,"displayOrder":91,"explanation":92,"exampleSentence":93,"blanks":94},"019fc2c4-a55d-7566-a085-5bb67ad27335",5,"Place \"Sam\" before \"can’t have\" + past participle \"entered\"; the -ing form entering cannot follow have in this deduction.","The gate was blocked, so they can't have entered there.",[95],{"id":96,"blankNumber":21,"options":97},"019fc2c4-a55d-752e-a085-5bb67a26e31f",[98,101],{"id":99,"optionText":100,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":15},"019fc2c4-a55d-74ea-a085-5bb678c1a2cb","The door was locked inside; Sam can't have entered that way.",{"id":102,"optionText":103,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":21},"019fc2c4-a55d-750e-a085-5bb6792c6d0c","entering",{"id":105,"sentenceTemplate":106,"displayOrder":107,"explanation":108,"exampleSentence":109,"blanks":110},"019fc2c4-a55d-7622-a085-5bb67d05d690","Build the prohibition: __1__",6,"For a prohibition, use subject + \"mustn’t\" + the base verb operate; do not use the finite form operates after the modal.","Visitors mustn't touch the exhibits.",[111],{"id":112,"blankNumber":21,"options":113},"019fc2c4-a55d-75ea-a085-5bb67c2a141f",[114,117],{"id":115,"optionText":116,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":15},"019fc2c4-a55d-75aa-a085-5bb67bc397b7","operates",{"id":118,"optionText":119,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":21},"019fc2c4-a55d-75ce-a085-5bb67c1dd00c","You mustn't operate the machine without a supervisor.",{"id":121,"sentenceTemplate":14,"displayOrder":122,"explanation":123,"exampleSentence":124,"blanks":125},"019fc2c4-a55d-76da-a085-5bb67fbb162c",7,"For an impossible past action, use \"Ben can’t have emailed\"; a modal takes have, not has, before the past participle.","Nora can't have emailed the file; there is no new message.",[126],{"id":127,"blankNumber":21,"options":128},"019fc2c4-a55d-76a6-a085-5bb67ef6f0fd",[129,132],{"id":130,"optionText":131,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":15},"019fc2c4-a55d-7666-a085-5bb67dfda75f","Ben can't have emailed the form; the inbox is still empty.",{"id":133,"optionText":85,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":21},"019fc2c4-a55d-7686-a085-5bb67e082d69",{"id":135,"sentenceTemplate":136,"displayOrder":137,"explanation":138,"exampleSentence":139,"blanks":140},"019fc2c4-a55d-7792-a085-5bb682065157","Build the question: __1__",8,"Start the neutral question with \"Do you think\", then use the embedded-statement order subject + \"has\" + past participle: \"Maya has taken\".","Do you think Leo has missed the bus?",[141],{"id":142,"blankNumber":21,"options":143},"019fc2c4-a55d-775a-a085-5bb6814dc38a",[144,147],{"id":145,"optionText":146,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":15},"019fc2c4-a55d-771a-a085-5bb6803ff80c","taking",{"id":148,"optionText":149,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":21},"019fc2c4-a55d-773a-a085-5bb6813922ba","Do you think Maya has taken the wrong train?",{"id":151,"sentenceTemplate":136,"displayOrder":152,"explanation":153,"exampleSentence":154,"blanks":155},"019fc2c4-a55d-7856-a085-5bb684365b6d",9,"A past possibility question uses \"Could\" + subject + \"have\" + past participle: \"Could they have forgotten ...?\"","Could she have left her phone at home?",[156],{"id":157,"blankNumber":21,"options":158},"019fc2c4-a55d-7822-a085-5bb68406676f",[159,162],{"id":160,"optionText":161,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":15},"019fc2c4-a55d-77d2-a085-5bb682a4affc","Could they have forgotten the appointment?",{"id":163,"optionText":164,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":21},"019fc2c4-a55d-77f6-a085-5bb6834ff39f","forgot","\u002Fuploads\u002Fimages\u002Fgpimg_d569eb30-765f-472a-b61f-e016b5c8309b_hero.webp",{"title":167,"slug":168,"language":169,"level":170},"Must and Can't (Deductions)","must-and-cant-dedcutions","en","B1"]