[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"grammar-exercise-01a01413-9c3a-72ac-869b-f8eb43433f78":3,"grammar-exercise-lesson-019b84bb-173e-7921-86fd-fc9331dcf1d9":116},["Reactive",4],{"id":5,"grammarPage":6,"title":7,"instructions":8,"displayOrder":9,"type":10,"questions":11,"ogImageUrl":115},"01a01413-9c3a-72ac-869b-f8eb43433f78","\u002Fapi\u002Fgrammar_pages\u002F019b84bb-173e-7921-86fd-fc9331dcf1d9","Past Modals - Sort the Patterns","Tap a card, then tap the column where it belongs. Place every card to finish the board.",4,"word_sort",[12,36,65,88],{"id":13,"sentenceTemplate":14,"displayOrder":15,"explanation":16,"blanks":17,"payload":18},"01a01413-9c3a-7440-869b-f8eb4385cc56","Read each complete sentence. Sort it by whether the past modal expresses judgement, uncertainty, or an unused opportunity.",0,"Should have judges a past action. Might have makes an uncertain guess. Could have with a but-clause or an unreal if-clause marks an opportunity that was available but not taken.",[],{"items":19,"categories":35},[20,23,25,28,30,33],{"text":21,"category":22},"You should have called me earlier.","Regret or criticism",{"text":24,"category":22},"I shouldn't have ignored the warning.",{"text":26,"category":27},"They might have missed the last bus.","Uncertain guess",{"text":29,"category":27},"She might have forgotten the code.",{"text":31,"category":32},"We could have stayed, but we left.","Missed opportunity",{"text":34,"category":32},"If he'd asked, he could have joined us.",[22,27,32],{"id":37,"sentenceTemplate":38,"displayOrder":39,"explanation":40,"blanks":41,"payload":42},"01a01413-9c3a-7510-869b-f8eb43d8aa03","Sort each sentence by the meaning of its past-modal or obligation form.",1,"Might not have means an uncertain negative guess; couldn't have means evidence makes an event impossible. Must have is a positive deduction, while had to reports a real past obligation. Mustn't have is not the negative deduction form.",[],{"items":43,"categories":64},[44,47,49,52,54,57,59,62],{"text":45,"category":46},"She might not have seen the message.","Uncertain negative",{"text":48,"category":46},"They might not have heard the alarm.",{"text":50,"category":51},"He couldn't have called; no signal.","Past impossibility",{"text":53,"category":51},"We couldn't have left; it was locked.",{"text":55,"category":56},"She must have left; her coat is gone.","Positive deduction",{"text":58,"category":56},"They must have missed it; they're late.",{"text":60,"category":61},"I had to work late yesterday.","Past obligation",{"text":63,"category":61},"We had to cancel because it snowed.",[46,51,56,61],{"id":66,"sentenceTemplate":67,"displayOrder":68,"explanation":69,"blanks":70,"payload":71},"01a01413-9c3a-758c-869b-f8eb4407a99b","Every sentence here uses could have. Sort it by what the speaker means.",2,"A stated choice or outcome confirms that an available action did not happen. Unresolved evidence such as no scan, lateness, or no reply supports could have as a possible explanation, not a confirmed result.",[],{"items":72,"categories":87},[73,76,78,80,83,85],{"text":74,"category":75},"She could have won; instead, she fell.","It did not happen",{"text":77,"category":75},"We could have stayed; we chose to leave.",{"text":79,"category":75},"He could have joined; he declined.",{"text":81,"category":82},"No scan yet; it could have arrived.","Perhaps it happened",{"text":84,"category":82},"They're late; they could have missed it.",{"text":86,"category":82},"No reply; he could have forgotten.",[75,82],{"id":89,"sentenceTemplate":90,"displayOrder":91,"explanation":92,"blanks":93,"payload":94},"01a01413-9c3a-7604-869b-f8eb446ef42a","Sort each complete sentence by whether it expresses personal regret or advice\u002Fcriticism about another person's past action.",3,"Should have and shouldn't have can both look back on a better choice. If the person who acted feels sorry, the function is regret; if someone else evaluates the action, it is advice or criticism. Context, not the positive or negative form, decides.",[],{"items":95,"categories":114},[96,99,101,103,105,108,110,112],{"text":97,"category":98},"Mia regrets it; she should have called.","Personal regret",{"text":100,"category":98},"Leo regrets it; he should have waited.",{"text":102,"category":98},"I feel bad; I shouldn't have shouted.",{"text":104,"category":98},"We regret it; we shouldn't have left.",{"text":106,"category":107},"I warned Leo; he should have listened.","Advice or criticism",{"text":109,"category":107},"You were late; you should have hurried.",{"text":111,"category":107},"Mia was careless; she should've checked.",{"text":113,"category":107},"Leo was rude; he shouldn't have shouted.",[98,107],"\u002Fuploads\u002Fimages\u002Fgpimg_72a9b886-6e2d-4e75-9f9d-48a58e0b4d0f_hero.webp",{"title":117,"slug":118,"language":119,"level":120},"Modals About the Past — Should Have, Might Have, Could Have","modals-about-the-past-should-have-might-have-could-have","en","B1"]