[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"grammar-exercise-01a01413-9d60-7807-9b8a-a872603fb787":3,"grammar-exercise-lesson-019ba8b8-bc3e-7662-8e7a-4c432325ad08":278},["Reactive",4],{"id":5,"grammarPage":6,"title":7,"instructions":8,"displayOrder":9,"type":10,"questions":11,"ogImageUrl":277},"01a01413-9d60-7807-9b8a-a872603fb787","\u002Fapi\u002Fgrammar_pages\u002F019ba8b8-bc3e-7662-8e7a-4c432325ad08","Find and Fix Past Modal Forms","One word in each sentence is wrong. Tap it, then choose the correction that makes the past modal accurate.",4,"find_and_fix",[12,40,63,83,105,127,145,170,193,213,235,257],{"id":13,"sentenceTemplate":14,"displayOrder":15,"explanation":16,"exampleSentence":17,"blanks":18,"payload":19},"01a01413-9d60-7993-9b8a-a872608da66c","The emergency stairwell was the only exit, so staff must have has to use it.",0,"The only available exit created a past necessity. The layered deduction is 'must have had to use it'.","The emergency stairwell was the only exit, so staff must have had to use it.",[],{"words":20,"correct":36,"wrongIndex":37,"corrections":38},[21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35],"The","emergency","stairwell","was","the","only","exit,","so","staff","must","have","has","to","use","it.","had",11,[36,31,39],"having",{"id":41,"sentenceTemplate":42,"displayOrder":43,"explanation":44,"exampleSentence":45,"blanks":46,"payload":47},"01a01413-9d60-7a0f-9b8a-a87260b1e898","The numbered seal remained intact throughout transit, so the courier must have opened the case.",1,"The intact seal makes opening the case impossible, so use 'can't have' for a confident negative deduction.","The numbered seal remained intact throughout transit, so the courier can't have opened the case.",[],{"words":48,"correct":58,"wrongIndex":59,"corrections":60},[21,49,50,51,52,53,54,28,25,55,30,31,56,25,57],"numbered","seal","remained","intact","throughout","transit,","courier","opened","case.","can't",10,[58,61,62],"needn't","shouldn't",{"id":64,"sentenceTemplate":65,"displayOrder":66,"explanation":67,"exampleSentence":68,"blanks":69,"payload":70},"01a01413-9d60-7a6f-9b8a-a8726123623f","With the tracker moving west, might the courier has been taking the coastal road?",2,"A perfect continuous modal question uses the base form 'have': 'Might the courier have been taking the coastal road?'","With the tracker moving west, might the courier have been taking the coastal road?",[],{"words":71,"correct":31,"wrongIndex":81,"corrections":82},[72,25,73,74,75,76,25,55,32,77,78,25,79,80],"With","tracker","moving","west,","might","been","taking","coastal","road?",8,[31,36,39],{"id":84,"sentenceTemplate":85,"displayOrder":86,"explanation":87,"exampleSentence":88,"blanks":89,"payload":90},"01a01413-9d60-7acb-9b8a-a8726192f48d","Because the court order required anonymity, the editors had to removed every name.",3,"A real external necessity in the past takes 'had to' plus the base verb 'remove'.","Because the court order required anonymity, the editors had to remove every name.",[],{"words":91,"correct":101,"wrongIndex":59,"corrections":102},[92,25,93,94,95,96,25,97,36,33,98,99,100],"Because","court","order","required","anonymity,","editors","removed","every","name.","remove",[101,103,104],"removing","removes",{"id":106,"sentenceTemplate":107,"displayOrder":9,"explanation":108,"exampleSentence":109,"blanks":110,"payload":111},"01a01413-9d60-7b23-9b8a-a8726210c8ae","The reviewer knew the check was missed and criticised it: “You may have checked the figures.”","The check was known to be missing, so this is criticism, not deduction: 'You should have checked the figures.'","The reviewer knew the check was missed and criticised it: “You should have checked the figures.”",[],{"words":112,"correct":124,"wrongIndex":37,"corrections":125},[21,113,114,25,115,24,116,117,118,119,120,121,31,122,25,123],"reviewer","knew","check","missed","and","criticised","it:","“You","may","checked","figures.”","should",[124,126,30],"ought",{"id":128,"sentenceTemplate":129,"displayOrder":130,"explanation":131,"exampleSentence":132,"blanks":133,"payload":134},"01a01413-9d60-7b8f-9b8a-a872628a7002","The trustee ought to have declare the conflict before the vote.",5,"The evaluative form 'ought to have' requires the past participle 'declared'.","The trustee ought to have declared the conflict before the vote.",[],{"words":135,"correct":141,"wrongIndex":130,"corrections":142},[21,136,126,33,31,137,25,138,139,25,140],"trustee","declare","conflict","before","vote.","declared",[141,143,144],"declaring","declares",{"id":146,"sentenceTemplate":147,"displayOrder":148,"explanation":149,"exampleSentence":150,"blanks":151,"payload":152},"01a01413-9d60-7beb-9b8a-a872635102a7","We paid for express service, but delivery was no faster; we needn't have pay extra.",6,"The extra payment happened but brought no benefit, so 'needn't have' takes the past participle 'paid'.","We paid for express service, but delivery was no faster; we needn't have paid extra.",[],{"words":153,"correct":155,"wrongIndex":166,"corrections":167},[154,155,156,157,158,159,160,24,161,162,163,61,31,164,165],"We","paid","for","express","service,","but","delivery","no","faster;","we","pay","extra.",13,[155,168,169],"paying","pays",{"id":171,"sentenceTemplate":172,"displayOrder":173,"explanation":174,"exampleSentence":175,"blanks":176,"payload":177},"01a01413-9d60-7c3f-9b8a-a8726383af64","The manuscript was ready, so Ava could have wrote to the publisher before the deadline, but she did not.",7,"The unused opportunity takes 'could have' plus the past participle 'written'.","The manuscript was ready, so Ava could have written to the publisher before the deadline, but she did not.",[],{"words":178,"correct":189,"wrongIndex":81,"corrections":190},[21,179,24,180,28,181,182,31,183,33,25,184,139,25,185,159,186,187,188],"manuscript","ready,","Ava","could","wrote","publisher","deadline,","she","did","not.","written",[189,191,192],"writing","writes",{"id":194,"sentenceTemplate":195,"displayOrder":81,"explanation":196,"exampleSentence":197,"blanks":198,"payload":199},"01a01413-9d60-7c97-9b8a-a872642dd669","Rather than speculate, she made a restrained reproach: “You may have warned us.”","In a restrained reproach about an action that did not happen, use 'might have warned', not a modal of deduction.","Rather than speculate, she made a restrained reproach: “You might have warned us.”",[],{"words":200,"correct":76,"wrongIndex":210,"corrections":211},[201,202,203,186,204,205,206,207,120,121,31,208,209],"Rather","than","speculate,","made","a","restrained","reproach:","warned","us.”",9,[76,30,212],"cannot",{"id":214,"sentenceTemplate":215,"displayOrder":210,"explanation":216,"exampleSentence":217,"blanks":218,"payload":219},"01a01413-9d60-7cef-9b8a-a872648c3761","The door was left unlocked; trying to remain diplomatic, she said, “You might have locks it.”","The unlocked door confirms the omission; 'might have locked it' is a softened reproach and requires the past participle 'locked'.","The door was left unlocked; trying to remain diplomatic, she said, “You might have locked it.”",[],{"words":220,"correct":230,"wrongIndex":231,"corrections":232},[21,221,24,222,223,224,33,225,226,186,227,120,76,31,228,229],"door","left","unlocked;","trying","remain","diplomatic,","said,","locks","it.”","locked",14,[230,233,234],"locking","lock",{"id":236,"sentenceTemplate":237,"displayOrder":59,"explanation":238,"exampleSentence":239,"blanks":240,"payload":241},"01a01413-9d60-7d47-9b8a-a87264f83bbd","Neither applicant withdrew, but both are missing from the list; they must have been excludes.","Their unexplained absence supports the deduction 'must have been excluded'; the perfect passive requires the past participle 'excluded'.","Neither applicant withdrew, but both are missing from the list; they must have been excluded.",[],{"words":242,"correct":253,"wrongIndex":231,"corrections":254},[243,244,245,159,246,247,248,249,25,250,251,30,31,77,252],"Neither","applicant","withdrew,","both","are","missing","from","list;","they","excludes.","excluded.",[253,255,256],"excluding.","exclude.",{"id":258,"sentenceTemplate":259,"displayOrder":37,"explanation":260,"exampleSentence":261,"blanks":262,"payload":263},"01a01413-9d60-7d9b-9b8a-a87265888566","The inspection team was to have arrives on Tuesday, but the strike cancelled the visit.","An expected arrangement that did not happen uses 'was to have' plus the past participle 'arrived'.","The inspection team was to have arrived on Tuesday, but the strike cancelled the visit.",[],{"words":264,"correct":273,"wrongIndex":148,"corrections":274},[21,265,266,24,33,31,267,268,269,159,25,270,271,25,272],"inspection","team","arrives","on","Tuesday,","strike","cancelled","visit.","arrived",[273,275,276],"arriving","arrive","\u002Fuploads\u002Fimages\u002Fgpimg_6686483f-e04b-43ac-84c7-cbe825e7885f_hero.webp",{"title":279,"slug":280,"language":281,"level":282},"Modals in the past","modals-in-the-past","en","C1"]