[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"grammar-exercise-01a01413-a03d-7914-944d-30f50de31941":3,"grammar-exercise-lesson-019b986e-3c6a-72a3-9d42-65053d9e4657":286},["Reactive",4],{"id":5,"grammarPage":6,"title":7,"instructions":8,"displayOrder":9,"type":10,"questions":11,"ogImageUrl":285},"01a01413-a03d-7914-944d-30f50de31941","\u002Fapi\u002Fgrammar_pages\u002F019b986e-3c6a-72a3-9d42-65053d9e4657","Past Perfect - Find and Fix","One word in each sentence is wrong. Tap it, then choose the correction.",4,"find_and_fix",[12,41,67,90,111,134,159,182,201,221,245,267],{"id":13,"sentenceTemplate":14,"displayOrder":15,"explanation":16,"exampleSentence":17,"blanks":18,"payload":19},"01a01413-a03d-7a58-944d-30f50df3671c","At the morning briefing, Leo was exhausted because he has worked through the night.",0,"The overnight work happened before and explains Leo's exhaustion at a past reference point, so use 'had worked'.","At the morning briefing, Leo was exhausted because he had worked through the night.",[],{"hint":20,"words":21,"correct":35,"wrongIndex":36,"corrections":37},"Look back from the morning briefing.",[22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,23,34],"At","the","morning","briefing,","Leo","was","exhausted","because","he","has","worked","through","night.","had",9,[35,38,39,40],"did","does","having",{"id":42,"sentenceTemplate":43,"displayOrder":44,"explanation":45,"exampleSentence":46,"blanks":47,"payload":48},"01a01413-a03d-7ab8-944d-30f50e9805b4","When the editor called, Maya had been prepared the same report for three hours.",1,"Use 'had been preparing' to stress the duration of an activity continuing up to the editor's call.","When the editor called, Maya had been preparing the same report for three hours.",[],{"hint":49,"words":50,"correct":62,"wrongIndex":63,"corrections":64},"The activity was still in progress.",[51,23,52,53,54,35,55,56,23,57,58,59,60,61],"When","editor","called,","Maya","been","prepared","same","report","for","three","hours.","preparing",7,[62,65,66],"prepares","prepare",{"id":68,"sentenceTemplate":69,"displayOrder":70,"explanation":71,"exampleSentence":72,"blanks":73,"payload":74},"01a01413-a03d-7af0-944d-30f50f1ff7f2","Nora had knew Amir for years before they became colleagues.",2,"The state continued for years up to a later past moment, so use the simple past perfect 'had known', not a continuous form.","Nora had known Amir for years before they became colleagues.",[],{"hint":75,"words":76,"correct":85,"wrongIndex":70,"corrections":86},"Know is a stative verb.",[77,35,78,79,59,80,81,82,83,84],"Nora","knew","Amir","years","before","they","became","colleagues.","known",[85,87,88,89],"knowing","knows","know",{"id":91,"sentenceTemplate":92,"displayOrder":93,"explanation":94,"exampleSentence":95,"blanks":96,"payload":97},"01a01413-a03d-7b28-944d-30f50fd2af6c","Nora unlocked the office, had switched on the lights, and began work.",3,"A clear narrative sequence normally stays in the past simple: Nora unlocked the office, then switched on the lights, and began work.","Nora unlocked the office, then switched on the lights, and began work.",[],{"hint":98,"words":99,"correct":108,"wrongIndex":9,"corrections":109},"These are successive main events.",[77,100,23,101,35,102,103,23,104,105,106,107],"unlocked","office,","switched","on","lights,","and","began","work.","then",[108,38,110,27],"would",{"id":112,"sentenceTemplate":113,"displayOrder":9,"explanation":114,"exampleSentence":115,"blanks":116,"payload":117},"01a01413-a03d-7b58-944d-30f5109fda1b","They had intend to renovate the hall, but storm damage cancelled the project.","Use 'had intended' for an earlier intention; the later storm damage cancelled that plan.","They had intended to renovate the hall, but storm damage cancelled the project.",[],{"hint":118,"words":119,"correct":130,"wrongIndex":70,"corrections":131},"The earlier plan was not realized.",[120,35,121,122,123,23,124,125,126,127,128,23,129],"They","intend","to","renovate","hall,","but","storm","damage","cancelled","project.","intended",[130,132,133],"intending","intends",{"id":135,"sentenceTemplate":136,"displayOrder":137,"explanation":138,"exampleSentence":139,"blanks":140,"payload":141},"01a01413-a03d-7b88-944d-30f510ea08b3","In her formal statement, Maya admitted she had wrote the wrong address.",5,"Careful reported speech uses 'had written' to place the earlier event before Maya's past admission.","In her formal statement, Maya admitted she had written the wrong address.",[],{"hint":142,"words":143,"correct":153,"wrongIndex":154,"corrections":155},"The event came before the admission.",[144,145,146,147,54,148,149,35,150,23,151,152],"In","her","formal","statement,","admitted","she","wrote","wrong","address.","written",8,[153,156,157,158],"writing","writes","write",{"id":160,"sentenceTemplate":161,"displayOrder":162,"explanation":163,"exampleSentence":164,"blanks":165,"payload":166},"01a01413-a03d-7bb8-944d-30f510ef96df","By noon, Leila had finishing three reports, and all were ready for review.",6,"Three completed reports call for the simple past perfect 'had finished'; the continuous would emphasize duration or an ongoing activity.","By noon, Leila had finished three reports, and all were ready for review.",[],{"hint":167,"words":168,"correct":178,"wrongIndex":9,"corrections":179},"The sentence counts completed results.",[169,170,171,35,172,60,173,105,174,175,176,59,177],"By","noon,","Leila","finishing","reports,","all","were","ready","review.","finished",[178,180,181],"finishes","finish",{"id":183,"sentenceTemplate":184,"displayOrder":63,"explanation":185,"exampleSentence":186,"blanks":187,"payload":188},"01a01413-a03d-7be8-944d-30f510f3a1ed","If the team has left earlier, they would have caught the train.","A third conditional uses the past perfect in the if-clause: 'If the team had left earlier'.","If the team had left earlier, they would have caught the train.",[],{"hint":189,"words":190,"correct":35,"wrongIndex":93,"corrections":198},"Check the unreal past condition.",[191,23,192,31,193,194,82,110,195,196,23,197],"If","team","left","earlier,","have","caught","train.",[35,110,199,200],"could","should",{"id":202,"sentenceTemplate":203,"displayOrder":154,"explanation":204,"exampleSentence":205,"blanks":206,"payload":207},"01a01413-a03d-7c18-944d-30f511c05519","I wish I had listen to your warning before signing the contract.","Wish plus past perfect expresses past regret, so the correct form is 'I wish I had listened'.","I wish I had listened to your warning before signing the contract.",[],{"hint":208,"words":209,"correct":217,"wrongIndex":9,"corrections":218},"The speaker regrets a past choice.",[210,211,210,35,212,122,213,214,81,215,23,216],"I","wish","listen","your","warning","signing","contract.","listened",[217,219,220],"listening","listens",{"id":222,"sentenceTemplate":223,"displayOrder":36,"explanation":224,"exampleSentence":225,"blanks":226,"payload":227},"01a01413-a03d-7c48-944d-30f512a6f7c4","At thirty, it was the first time Maya had ever flew overseas by helicopter.","After 'It was the first time', use the active past perfect for Maya's experience: 'Maya had ever flown'.","At thirty, it was the first time Maya had ever flown overseas by helicopter.",[],{"hint":228,"words":229,"correct":239,"wrongIndex":240,"corrections":241},"Keep Maya as the person having the experience.",[22,230,231,27,23,232,233,54,35,234,235,236,237,238],"thirty,","it","first","time","ever","flew","overseas","by","helicopter.","flown",10,[239,242,243,244],"flying","flies","fly",{"id":246,"sentenceTemplate":247,"displayOrder":240,"explanation":248,"exampleSentence":249,"blanks":250,"payload":251},"01a01413-a03d-7c8c-944d-30f513a52aa0","No sooner had we submitted the bid when the deadline was extended.","The fixed formal pattern is 'No sooner ... than ...'.","No sooner had we submitted the bid than the deadline was extended.",[],{"hint":252,"words":253,"correct":262,"wrongIndex":63,"corrections":263},"Check the linker paired with 'No sooner'.",[254,255,35,256,257,23,258,259,23,260,27,261],"No","sooner","we","submitted","bid","when","deadline","extended.","than",[262,264,265,266],"until","whenever","whereas",{"id":268,"sentenceTemplate":269,"displayOrder":270,"explanation":271,"exampleSentence":272,"blanks":273,"payload":274},"01a01413-a03d-7cbc-944d-30f513f6cfd6","Hardly had the hearing begun than the fire alarm interrupted it.",11,"The fixed formal pattern is 'Hardly ... when ...'.","Hardly had the hearing begun when the fire alarm interrupted it.",[],{"hint":275,"words":276,"correct":259,"wrongIndex":137,"corrections":284},"Check the linker paired with 'Hardly'.",[277,35,23,278,279,262,23,280,281,282,283],"Hardly","hearing","begun","fire","alarm","interrupted","it.",[259,264,265,266],"\u002Fuploads\u002Fimages\u002Fgpimg_a276bbdb-d160-46ec-8178-93f805be1dfa_hero.webp",{"title":287,"slug":288,"language":289,"level":290},"Past Perfect (B2)","past-perfect-b2","en","B2"]