[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"grammar-exercise-01a07863-e1c6-7780-970d-9ee35ad78e1e":3,"grammar-exercise-lesson-01a07863-d70b-7796-861c-b6fde39f3320":295},{"id":4,"grammarPage":5,"title":6,"instructions":7,"seoTitle":8,"seoDescription":9,"displayOrder":10,"type":11,"questions":12,"ogImageUrl":294},"01a07863-e1c6-7780-970d-9ee35ad78e1e","\u002Fapi\u002Fgrammar_pages\u002F01a07863-d70b-7796-861c-b6fde39f3320","Managing focus and responsibility in public writing","Choose the active or passive form and particles that fit each document’s Korean discourse, information focus, and accountability requirements.","공문서의 능동·피동 선택과 책임 표현","공적인 글에서 정보 초점과 책임 소재에 맞게 능동형, 피동형, 조사를 고르는 빈칸 연습이에요. 누가 깼는지 모르는 창문 사고 기록, 새 검사 장비의 판매 현황 보고처럼 확인된 사실만 알맞은 형식으로 전달해요. 책임을 흐리지 않는 공적 문장을 쓰는 감각을 길러요.",1,"word_select",[13,35,65,92,111,130,149,167,183,199,218,237,256,275],{"id":14,"sentenceTemplate":15,"displayOrder":16,"explanation":17,"exampleSentence":18,"blanks":19},"01a07863-e1c6-7a28-970d-9ee35df0ef30","An initial incident log confirms a broken window but cannot identify who broke it. Which sentence reports only the known result? __1__.",0,"Because the agent is unknown, the passive state reports the broken window without inventing responsibility. The alternatives assert an unidentified agent.","밤사이 전시관 유리 한 장이 깨져 있었습니다.",[20],{"id":21,"blankNumber":10,"options":22},"01a07863-e1c6-79d4-970d-9ee35d8d3422",[23,27,31],{"id":24,"optionText":25,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":16},"01a07863-e1c6-7938-970d-9ee35b81eac0","자료실 창문이 깨져 있었습니다",true,{"id":28,"optionText":29,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":10},"01a07863-e1c6-797c-970d-9ee35bac7c8c","경비팀이 자료실 창문을 깨뜨렸습니다",false,{"id":32,"optionText":33,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":34},"01a07863-e1c6-79ac-970d-9ee35ca8937b","자료실 창문은 경비팀에 의해 깨졌습니다",2,{"id":36,"sentenceTemplate":37,"displayOrder":10,"explanation":38,"exampleSentence":39,"blanks":40},"01a07863-e1c6-7bcc-970d-9ee363b5304e","앞 문장은 “새 검사 장비를 소개합니다.”라고 화제를 열었다. 같은 장비의 유통 현황을 이어 쓰면 “이 장비__1__ 아시아 여러 국가__2__ 판매됩니다.”","는 continues the already introduced equipment as the topic, while 에서 marks the distribution area. 가 would present the equipment as newly identified information.","새 교재를 소개합니다. 이 교재는 유럽 여러 지역에서 판매됩니다.",[41,53],{"id":42,"blankNumber":10,"options":43},"01a07863-e1c6-7af0-970d-9ee35fc8856c",[44,47,50],{"id":45,"optionText":46,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":16},"01a07863-e1c6-7a88-970d-9ee35e6f666c","가",{"id":48,"optionText":49,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":10},"01a07863-e1c6-7aac-970d-9ee35f0ae843","는",{"id":51,"optionText":52,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":34},"01a07863-e1c6-7ad0-970d-9ee35f843420","를",{"id":54,"blankNumber":34,"options":55},"01a07863-e1c6-7b90-970d-9ee362b73b7d",[56,59,62],{"id":57,"optionText":58,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":16},"01a07863-e1c6-7b2c-970d-9ee3609e7ced","에 의해",{"id":60,"optionText":61,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":10},"01a07863-e1c6-7b50-970d-9ee3611213c5","에게",{"id":63,"optionText":64,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":34},"01a07863-e1c6-7b70-970d-9ee361d1eefb","에서",{"id":66,"sentenceTemplate":67,"displayOrder":34,"explanation":68,"exampleSentence":69,"blanks":70},"01a07863-e1c6-7d70-970d-9ee3683d9656","“연구원은 시료를 준비했습니다. 이어서 시료__1__ 70도에서 __2__ 뒤 냉각되었습니다.” 두 번째 문장에서 시료의 화제를 잇고 연구원을 되풀이하지 않는다.","는 continues 시료 as the topic established for the procedure, and 가열된 forms the passive process without redundantly naming 연구원 again.","실험자는 용액을 준비했습니다. 용액은 세 차례 여과된 다음 밀봉되었습니다.",[71,80],{"id":72,"blankNumber":10,"options":73},"01a07863-e1c6-7c8c-970d-9ee3650fcb8b",[74,76,78],{"id":75,"optionText":46,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":16},"01a07863-e1c6-7c28-970d-9ee36411c3a7",{"id":77,"optionText":52,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":10},"01a07863-e1c6-7c48-970d-9ee364610b95",{"id":79,"optionText":49,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":34},"01a07863-e1c6-7c6c-970d-9ee364d8d2c4",{"id":81,"blankNumber":34,"options":82},"01a07863-e1c6-7d34-970d-9ee3676ac3a9",[83,86,89],{"id":84,"optionText":85,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":16},"01a07863-e1c6-7cc0-970d-9ee3660d77a2","연구원이 가열한",{"id":87,"optionText":88,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":10},"01a07863-e1c6-7ce0-970d-9ee3668462cf","가열하게 한",{"id":90,"optionText":91,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":34},"01a07863-e1c6-7d18-970d-9ee366d550be","가열된",{"id":93,"sentenceTemplate":94,"displayOrder":95,"explanation":96,"exampleSentence":97,"blanks":98},"01a07863-e1c6-7e68-970d-9ee36ba95cc9","“교통 당국은 사고 직후 우회로를 마련했습니다. 해당 구간은 내일 오전까지 __1__.” 두 번째 문장은 이미 나온 당국을 반복하지 않고 구간의 상태를 잇는다.",3,"통제됩니다 keeps 해당 구간 as the continuing subject and avoids repeating the already named traffic authority.","복구팀은 임시 다리를 설치했습니다. 기존 다리는 당분간 폐쇄됩니다.",[99],{"id":100,"blankNumber":10,"options":101},"01a07863-e1c6-7e2c-970d-9ee36aae8f33",[102,105,108],{"id":103,"optionText":104,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":16},"01a07863-e1c6-7dc8-970d-9ee3686da3af","교통 당국이 통제합니다",{"id":106,"optionText":107,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":10},"01a07863-e1c6-7dec-970d-9ee36904f5b2","통제 조치를 실시합니다",{"id":109,"optionText":110,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":34},"01a07863-e1c6-7e10-970d-9ee369c2c57b","통제됩니다",{"id":112,"sentenceTemplate":113,"displayOrder":114,"explanation":115,"exampleSentence":116,"blanks":117},"01a07863-e1c6-7f48-970d-9ee36e78ee12","An audit has not yet identified who deleted the original file. Complete the report without guessing an agent: “원본 파일은 보존 기한 전에 __1__.”",4,"삭제되었습니다 reports the verified result only. The other choices invent a responsible team or replace the event with a vague nominal phrase.","조사 초기에는 복사본 두 건이 외부로 반출되었습니다.",[118],{"id":119,"blankNumber":10,"options":120},"01a07863-e1c6-7f10-970d-9ee36db223c2",[121,124,127],{"id":122,"optionText":123,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":16},"01a07863-e1c6-7eac-970d-9ee36c9b85a0","정보관리팀이 삭제했습니다",{"id":125,"optionText":126,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":10},"01a07863-e1c6-7ed4-970d-9ee36cf6733b","삭제되었습니다",{"id":128,"optionText":129,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":34},"01a07863-e1c6-7ef4-970d-9ee36d1bdac6","삭제될 예정입니다",{"id":131,"sentenceTemplate":132,"displayOrder":133,"explanation":134,"exampleSentence":135,"blanks":136},"01a07863-e1c7-7090-84f8-99dc04c4f4b7","감사 결과 운영위원회가 변경을 결정하고 직접 실행한 사실이 확인되었다. 책임이 흐린 “일정 변경이 결정되었습니다”를 고치면 __1__.",5,"운영위원회가 일정을 변경했습니다 replaces a nominalised 되다-chain with an active subject and action once the responsible decision-maker is known.","인사위원회가 배치 기준을 수정했습니다.",[137],{"id":138,"blankNumber":10,"options":139},"01a07863-e1c7-7058-84f8-99dc0435e832",[140,143,146],{"id":141,"optionText":142,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":16},"01a07863-e1c6-7f8c-970d-9ee36f4cc0af","일정 변경이 결정되었습니다",{"id":144,"optionText":145,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":10},"01a07863-e1c7-7010-84f8-99dc03cdfb5c","일정이 변경된 것으로 알려졌습니다",{"id":147,"optionText":148,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":34},"01a07863-e1c7-7038-84f8-99dc0434ca68","운영위원회가 일정을 변경했습니다",{"id":150,"sentenceTemplate":151,"displayOrder":152,"explanation":153,"exampleSentence":154,"blanks":155},"01a07863-e1c7-7178-84f8-99dc08591fed","The regulation draft was formally written by the National Assembly’s legislative office. Complete “규정 초안은 국회 법제실__1__ 작성되었습니다.”",6,"에 의해 marks an institutional agent in a formal passive. 로 인해 would mark a cause, and 에 따라 would mark a rule or basis.","최종 기준은 독립 심사단에 의해 마련되었습니다.",[156],{"id":157,"blankNumber":10,"options":158},"01a07863-e1c7-7134-84f8-99dc080b26a0",[159,162,164],{"id":160,"optionText":161,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":16},"01a07863-e1c7-70d4-84f8-99dc059d84a0","로 인해",{"id":163,"optionText":58,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":10},"01a07863-e1c7-70f8-84f8-99dc064c9401",{"id":165,"optionText":166,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":34},"01a07863-e1c7-7118-84f8-99dc070bf060","에 따라",{"id":168,"sentenceTemplate":169,"displayOrder":170,"explanation":171,"exampleSentence":172,"blanks":173},"01a07863-e1c7-7258-84f8-99dc0bacfb74","A public notice identifies heavy rain as the non-agentive cause of the closure. Complete “폭우__1__ 하천 산책로가 폐쇄되었습니다.”",7,"로 인해 marks the event that caused the closure; heavy rain is neither an institutional agent nor an applied legal basis.","강풍으로 인해 해상 운항이 중단되었습니다.",[174],{"id":175,"blankNumber":10,"options":176},"01a07863-e1c7-7220-84f8-99dc0ad06629",[177,179,181],{"id":178,"optionText":58,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":16},"01a07863-e1c7-71c0-84f8-99dc0920d045",{"id":180,"optionText":166,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":10},"01a07863-e1c7-71e0-84f8-99dc09c90b1b",{"id":182,"optionText":161,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":34},"01a07863-e1c7-7204-84f8-99dc09e7fd3d",{"id":184,"sentenceTemplate":185,"displayOrder":186,"explanation":187,"exampleSentence":188,"blanks":189},"01a07863-e1c7-7338-84f8-99dc0e36d718","A legal notice identifies the court ruling as the grounds applied to the suspension. Complete “법원 결정__1__ 영업이 정지되었습니다.”",8,"에 따라 marks the legal basis. The phrase does not by itself identify the agency that implemented the suspension.","새 안전 지침에 따라 야간 출입이 제한되었습니다.",[190],{"id":191,"blankNumber":10,"options":192},"01a07863-e1c7-7300-84f8-99dc0e05ac7b",[193,195,197],{"id":194,"optionText":166,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":16},"01a07863-e1c7-72a0-84f8-99dc0c22c52a",{"id":196,"optionText":161,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":10},"01a07863-e1c7-72c0-84f8-99dc0d1b116b",{"id":198,"optionText":58,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":34},"01a07863-e1c7-72e0-84f8-99dc0d27ba4e",{"id":200,"sentenceTemplate":201,"displayOrder":202,"explanation":203,"exampleSentence":204,"blanks":205},"01a07863-e1c7-7420-84f8-99dc10e3b813","An organisational change led Minseo to take responsibility for a new project; nobody assigned Minseo as the patient of a passive verb. Complete “조직 개편 뒤 민서는 새 사업을 __1__.”",9,"맡게 되었습니다 describes a change of role caused by circumstances and is distinct from a true passive such as 맡겨졌습니다.","인사 이동으로 해외 지사를 관리하게 되었습니다.",[206],{"id":207,"blankNumber":10,"options":208},"01a07863-e1c7-73e4-84f8-99dc105223e7",[209,212,215],{"id":210,"optionText":211,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":16},"01a07863-e1c7-7384-84f8-99dc0eae5a16","맡겨졌습니다",{"id":213,"optionText":214,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":10},"01a07863-e1c7-73a4-84f8-99dc0f30bf43","맡게 되었습니다",{"id":216,"optionText":217,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":34},"01a07863-e1c7-73c8-84f8-99dc0f99f3ac","맡아졌습니다",{"id":219,"sentenceTemplate":220,"displayOrder":221,"explanation":222,"exampleSentence":223,"blanks":224},"01a07863-e1c7-751c-84f8-99dc138f99d9","Which sentence directly apologizes to the affected users instead of merely expressing regret or giving notice? __1__.",10,"The correct sentence names 저희 as responsible and uses 사과드립니다 toward the affected users. The alternatives only express regret or announce inconvenience.","저희의 오배송으로 비용을 부담하신 고객께 진심으로 사과드립니다.",[225],{"id":226,"blankNumber":10,"options":227},"01a07863-e1c7-74e4-84f8-99dc1363880b",[228,231,234],{"id":229,"optionText":230,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":16},"01a07863-e1c7-7460-84f8-99dc118d288e","피해 이용자께 운영상의 불편에 대해 유감을 표합니다",{"id":232,"optionText":233,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":10},"01a07863-e1c7-7484-84f8-99dc11c2cbc8","불편이 발생한 점을 안내드립니다",{"id":235,"optionText":236,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":34},"01a07863-e1c7-74b8-84f8-99dc1296c0db","저희의 잘못된 정지 조치로 피해를 입은 이용자께 진심으로 사과드립니다",{"id":238,"sentenceTemplate":239,"displayOrder":240,"explanation":241,"exampleSentence":242,"blanks":243},"01a07863-e1c7-760c-84f8-99dc16e89c2b","The service team has accepted responsibility and promises a verifiable repair. Choose the sentence that names the actor, deadline, and notification method: __1__.",11,"The active promise states who will restore the accounts, when the work will finish, and how users will receive the result.","고객지원실은 내일 정오까지 환급을 마치고 처리 내역을 문자로 보내 드리겠습니다.",[244],{"id":245,"blankNumber":10,"options":246},"01a07863-e1c7-75d4-84f8-99dc1684484f",[247,250,253],{"id":248,"optionText":249,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":16},"01a07863-e1c7-756c-84f8-99dc1422f1ac","서비스팀은 오늘 18시까지 계정을 복구하고 결과를 전자 우편으로 안내하겠습니다",{"id":251,"optionText":252,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":10},"01a07863-e1c7-7594-84f8-99dc150f899a","계정 복구가 순차적으로 이루어질 예정입니다",{"id":254,"optionText":255,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":34},"01a07863-e1c7-75b4-84f8-99dc158897d1","조속한 복구와 결과 안내가 진행되도록 하겠습니다",{"id":257,"sentenceTemplate":258,"displayOrder":259,"explanation":260,"exampleSentence":261,"blanks":262},"01a07863-e1c7-76e8-84f8-99dc18de81b2","대조를 시작하기 전에는 빠진 서류가 무엇인지 몰랐다. 대조 과정에서 처음 확인된 새 정보로 이어 쓰면 “신청서 가운데 동의서 한 장__1__ 누락된 것으로 확인되었습니다.”",12,"가 presents the newly identified missing document. 는 would mark an already established topic, which the Korean context explicitly says was not yet known.","점검 결과 안전 장치 하나가 빠진 것으로 확인되었습니다.",[263],{"id":264,"blankNumber":10,"options":265},"01a07863-e1c7-76ac-84f8-99dc18642674",[266,269,272],{"id":267,"optionText":268,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":16},"01a07863-e1c7-7650-84f8-99dc178a64f1","은",{"id":270,"optionText":271,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":10},"01a07863-e1c7-7670-84f8-99dc179b5005","을",{"id":273,"optionText":274,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":34},"01a07863-e1c7-7690-84f8-99dc1859fffe","이",{"id":276,"sentenceTemplate":277,"displayOrder":278,"explanation":279,"exampleSentence":280,"blanks":281},"01a07863-e1c7-77c0-84f8-99dc1afecfda","The investigation confirms that the records office knowingly destroyed two minutes before the retention deadline. Choose the direct active sentence: __1__.",13,"The active sentence makes 기록관리실 the grammatical subject and directly links it to the confirmed act; the two rivals retain passive or nominalised framing.","검수팀이 승인 없이 시험 기록을 폐기했습니다.",[282],{"id":283,"blankNumber":10,"options":284},"01a07863-e1c7-7788-84f8-99dc1a408956",[285,288,291],{"id":286,"optionText":287,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":16},"01a07863-e1c7-772c-84f8-99dc19164709","회의록 두 건은 기록관리실에 의해 보존 기한 전에 폐기되었습니다",{"id":289,"optionText":290,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":10},"01a07863-e1c7-774c-84f8-99dc1957bcbe","기록관리실의 회의록 폐기가 보존 기한 전에 이루어졌습니다",{"id":292,"optionText":293,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":34},"01a07863-e1c7-776c-84f8-99dc1a3c5f50","기록관리실이 보존 기한 전에 회의록 두 건을 폐기했습니다","\u002Fuploads\u002Fimages\u002Fgpimg_7e25fc27-553d-4345-bcee-31421d027b39_hero.webp?v=1788726206",{"title":296,"slug":297,"language":298,"level":299},"비인칭 피동과 책임 회피","biinching-pidong-gwa-chaegim-hoepi","ko","C1"]