[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"grammar-exercise-01a07863-f294-76e0-90b3-79e38da147a1":3,"grammar-exercise-lesson-01a07863-d8dd-7b49-bcf9-020299f60a53":293},{"id":4,"grammarPage":5,"title":6,"instructions":7,"seoTitle":8,"seoDescription":9,"displayOrder":10,"type":11,"questions":12,"ogImageUrl":292},"01a07863-f294-76e0-90b3-79e38da147a1","\u002Fapi\u002Fgrammar_pages\u002F01a07863-d8dd-7b49-bcf9-020299f60a53","Analyzing forms and speech levels","Read each attested or explicitly constructed form and choose the analysis that correctly separates honorific axis, sentence type, speech level, and discourse function.","고전 문헌 종결형의 형태와 말하기 등급 분석","용비어천가의 아라쇼셔를 하쇼셔체 명령형으로 분류하듯 중세 한국어 종결형의 형태와 말하기 등급을 분석해요. -시-와 -ᄌᆞᆸ- 같은 높임 표지가 주체와 객체 중 누구를 겨냥하는지, 문장 유형은 무엇인지 따져 빈칸에 가장 타당한 형태 분석을 골라 옛 문장을 정확히 읽어요.",0,"word_select",[13,35,62,80,99,118,148,166,185,204,235,254,273],{"id":14,"sentenceTemplate":15,"displayOrder":10,"explanation":16,"exampleSentence":17,"blanks":18},"01a07863-f294-7958-90b3-79e38fedff40","《용비어천가》의 “님금하 아라쇼셔”에서 “아라쇼셔”의 형태를 분류하면 __1__.","-쇼셔 is the high imperative of 하쇼셔체. Its discourse force in this courtly song is a solemn appeal, but that contextual interpretation does not change the form class.","아라쇼셔는 높은 명령형이면서 문맥상 엄숙한 청원을 나타낸다.",[19],{"id":20,"blankNumber":21,"options":22},"01a07863-f294-7908-90b3-79e38f5232cc",1,[23,27,31],{"id":24,"optionText":25,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":10},"01a07863-f294-7878-90b3-79e38da2b865","하쇼셔체의 높은 명령형이다",true,{"id":28,"optionText":29,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":21},"01a07863-f294-78b8-90b3-79e38e98c054","하야쎠체의 명령형이지만 악장의 청원 기능도 나타낸다",false,{"id":32,"optionText":33,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":34},"01a07863-f294-78e4-90b3-79e38f282d6b","하쇼셔체의 설명 의문형이다",2,{"id":36,"sentenceTemplate":37,"displayOrder":21,"explanation":38,"exampleSentence":39,"blanks":40},"01a07863-f294-7af8-90b3-79e394842b53","구성 예문에 서술어의 “-시-”와 “-ᄌᆞᆸ-”이 함께 나타난다. 문장 성분과 담화 참여자를 따져 두 표지가 겨냥하는 대상을 각각 “__1__”, “__2__”이라고 분석한다.","-시- honors the grammatical subject, while the -ᄌᆞᆸ- series honors an object or oblique participant affected by the action. Neither marker inherently honors the addressee.","주체와 객체와 청자는 한 문장에서도 서로 다른 사람일 수 있다.",[41,53],{"id":42,"blankNumber":21,"options":43},"01a07863-f294-7a24-90b3-79e392f0989a",[44,47,50],{"id":45,"optionText":46,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":10},"01a07863-f294-79bc-90b3-79e3901f3563","동작이 미치는 대상",{"id":48,"optionText":49,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":21},"01a07863-f294-79e4-90b3-79e3911c2546","행동의 주체",{"id":51,"optionText":52,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":34},"01a07863-f294-7a04-90b3-79e391fed6ae","말을 듣는 청자",{"id":54,"blankNumber":34,"options":55},"01a07863-f294-7abc-90b3-79e3945547a1",[56,58,60],{"id":57,"optionText":52,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":10},"01a07863-f294-7a5c-90b3-79e3931b7ebc",{"id":59,"optionText":49,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":21},"01a07863-f294-7a80-90b3-79e393b473c5",{"id":61,"optionText":46,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":34},"01a07863-f294-7aa0-90b3-79e3940f33ec",{"id":63,"sentenceTemplate":64,"displayOrder":34,"explanation":65,"exampleSentence":66,"blanks":67},"01a07863-f294-7bec-90b3-79e3972ffa99","“-ᄉᆞᆸ-·-ᅀᆞᆸ-·-ᄌᆞᆸ-”이 모두 객체 높임 기능을 보이지만 분포 관계는 아직 조사하지 않았다. 한 계열의 교체형 분석을 뒷받침하려면 먼저 __1__.","A shared function is not enough by itself. The allomorph analysis gains support if the forms occur in complementary, phonologically conditioned environments.","기능이 같고 음운 환경이 상보적이면 한 계열의 교체형으로 분석할 근거가 생긴다.",[68],{"id":69,"blankNumber":21,"options":70},"01a07863-f294-7bb8-90b3-79e397052e2b",[71,74,77],{"id":72,"optionText":73,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":10},"01a07863-f294-7b50-90b3-79e395503873","서로 배타적인 음운 환경에 나타나는지 확인한다",{"id":75,"optionText":76,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":21},"01a07863-f294-7b74-90b3-79e3960e3d6c","기능은 같다고 보되 문헌별 상대 높임 등급 차이만 조사한다",{"id":78,"optionText":79,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":34},"01a07863-f294-7b98-90b3-79e396189e07","현대 전사에서 같은 글자꼴로 합칠 수 있는지 확인한다",{"id":81,"sentenceTemplate":82,"displayOrder":83,"explanation":84,"exampleSentence":85,"blanks":86},"01a07863-f294-7cc8-90b3-79e399cee17f","정답을 모두 아는 장면의 구성 예문 “엇뎨 … -니잇고”를 분석하면 __1__.",3,"엇뎨 makes this a content question, so the constructed high interrogative uses -니잇고. With the answer already known, the completed question can function rhetorically as admonition or persuasion.","높은 의문형도 문맥에 따라 반문과 권계의 힘을 낼 수 있다.",[87],{"id":88,"blankNumber":21,"options":89},"01a07863-f294-7c94-90b3-79e398fba25d",[90,93,96],{"id":91,"optionText":92,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":10},"01a07863-f294-7c34-90b3-79e397eab4a0","높은 판정 의문형이 이미 아는 사실을 확인한다",{"id":94,"optionText":95,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":21},"01a07863-f294-7c54-90b3-79e3982c0221","높은 설명 의문형이 반문을 통해 경계나 설득을 수행한다",{"id":97,"optionText":98,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":34},"01a07863-f294-7c74-90b3-79e398f306e5","낮은 명령형이 간접적인 지시를 수행한다",{"id":100,"sentenceTemplate":101,"displayOrder":102,"explanation":103,"exampleSentence":104,"blanks":105},"01a07863-f294-7db4-90b3-79e39c557e88","문헌의 명령문 끝에 “-어쎠”가 확인되었다. 이 종결형을 분류하면 __1__이다.",4,"-아쎠\u002F-어쎠 belongs to the imperative series of 하야쎠체, the middle polite level in the traditional three-level description.","문헌에 나타난 -어쎠는 하야쎠체 명령형으로 분류한다.",[106],{"id":107,"blankNumber":21,"options":108},"01a07863-f294-7d7c-90b3-79e39bf0f8a3",[109,112,115],{"id":110,"optionText":111,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":10},"01a07863-f294-7d0c-90b3-79e39a9b16cd","하쇼셔체의 높은 명령형",{"id":113,"optionText":114,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":21},"01a07863-f294-7d30-90b3-79e39b267275","하라체의 낮은 명령형",{"id":116,"optionText":117,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":34},"01a07863-f294-7d5c-90b3-79e39b736b2c","하야쎠체의 중간 대우 명령형",{"id":119,"sentenceTemplate":120,"displayOrder":121,"explanation":122,"exampleSentence":123,"blanks":124},"01a07863-f294-7f24-90b3-79e3a0ee6653","현대 문법 분석에서 격언 “배움을 게을리하지 말라”는 __1__이고, 상급자가 하급자에게 직접 한 “문을 닫아라”는 __2__이다.",5,"The proverb uses non-addressee written 하라체 to present a general teaching, whereas the face-to-face command uses imperative 해라체 toward a present listener.","논문의 살펴보라와 대면 명령의 문을 닫아라는 청자 설정이 다르다.",[125,137],{"id":126,"blankNumber":21,"options":127},"01a07863-f294-7e5c-90b3-79e39dc1367a",[128,131,134],{"id":129,"optionText":130,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":10},"01a07863-f294-7dfc-90b3-79e39ccc2c4d","비대면 하라체",{"id":132,"optionText":133,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":21},"01a07863-f294-7e1c-90b3-79e39cf32b03","대면 해라체",{"id":135,"optionText":136,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":34},"01a07863-f294-7e3c-90b3-79e39d2aa706","하쇼셔체",{"id":138,"blankNumber":34,"options":139},"01a07863-f294-7eec-90b3-79e3a09f1730",[140,143,146],{"id":141,"optionText":142,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":10},"01a07863-f294-7e90-90b3-79e39e972c8c","하야쎠체 명령형",{"id":144,"optionText":145,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":21},"01a07863-f294-7eb0-90b3-79e39f82a2c6","대면 해라체 명령형",{"id":147,"optionText":130,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":34},"01a07863-f294-7ed0-90b3-79e3a0079a15",{"id":149,"sentenceTemplate":150,"displayOrder":151,"explanation":152,"exampleSentence":153,"blanks":154},"01a07863-f295-707f-a253-1f9b98965004","현대 어휘와 고전 어미를 결합한 연습용 구성 예문 “이 말을 잘 들어쎠.”에서 “-어쎠”를 분류하면 __1__이다.",6,"The supplied form is an explicitly constructed example, not a document quotation. Its ending is classified as a 하야쎠체 imperative; the task does not ask the learner to produce an unattested form.","연습용 구성형 들어쎠는 실제 문헌 인용이 아니라 등급 비교를 위한 형태이다.",[155],{"id":156,"blankNumber":21,"options":157},"01a07863-f295-7047-a253-1f9b9834203a",[158,161,163],{"id":159,"optionText":160,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":10},"01a07863-f294-7f7c-90b3-79e3a1376e4f","하쇼셔체 명령형",{"id":162,"optionText":142,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":21},"01a07863-f294-7f9c-90b3-79e3a22bdb08",{"id":164,"optionText":165,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":34},"01a07863-f295-701f-a253-1f9b97be4ca5","하라체 명령형",{"id":167,"sentenceTemplate":168,"displayOrder":169,"explanation":170,"exampleSentence":171,"blanks":172},"01a07863-f295-715b-a253-1f9b9bd390c0","대화에 “-고라\u002F-오라\u002F-고려”가 나타날 때 가장 정확한 역사적 분류는 __1__.",7,"These forms are discussed as historical 반말형, but that analytical label does not make them identical to modern 해체.","옛 반말형의 친근함은 해당 시대의 관계 체계 안에서 해석해야 한다.",[173],{"id":174,"blankNumber":21,"options":175},"01a07863-f295-7123-a253-1f9b9ad9032d",[176,179,182],{"id":177,"optionText":178,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":10},"01a07863-f295-70c3-a253-1f9b9995023f","하야쎠체의 낮은 변이형이다",{"id":180,"optionText":181,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":21},"01a07863-f295-70e7-a253-1f9b99c67c29","현대 해체의 직접 전신으로 보되 장르 차이도 인정한다",{"id":183,"optionText":184,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":34},"01a07863-f295-7107-a253-1f9b9abd4415","옛 반말형이다",{"id":186,"sentenceTemplate":187,"displayOrder":188,"explanation":189,"exampleSentence":190,"blanks":191},"01a07863-f295-7243-a253-1f9b9da640fd","원문 사진에는 “아라쇼셔”가 있고 현대식 전사에는 “아소서”가 있다. 형태와 등급을 분석하기 전에 기록할 두 자료는 __1__이다.",8,"A modernized transcription can normalize spelling and morphology. Record both the original form and the transcription convention before classifying the ending.","원문 표기와 현대식 전사를 나란히 두고 바뀐 층위를 표시한다.",[192],{"id":193,"blankNumber":21,"options":194},"01a07863-f295-720b-a253-1f9b9d87e096",[195,198,201],{"id":196,"optionText":197,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":10},"01a07863-f295-71ab-a253-1f9b9c0c4010","현대 번역과 낭독 억양",{"id":199,"optionText":200,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":21},"01a07863-f295-71cb-a253-1f9b9c3704d6","원문 표기와 전사 원칙",{"id":202,"optionText":203,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":34},"01a07863-f295-71eb-a253-1f9b9d0fb933","작품 제목과 현대 등급명",{"id":205,"sentenceTemplate":206,"displayOrder":207,"explanation":208,"exampleSentence":209,"blanks":210},"01a07863-f295-73b7-a253-1f9ba1243108","객체 높임 “-ᄉᆞᆸ-” 계열과 후대의 “-습니다”류는 계통상 __1__. 그러나 두 형태의 시대별 높임 기능은 __2__.",9,"The grammaticalization path is historically related, but the earlier object-honorific function cannot be equated directly with the later addressee-honorific function.","형태의 계통이 이어져도 시대별 문법 기능은 달라질 수 있다.",[211,223],{"id":212,"blankNumber":21,"options":213},"01a07863-f295-72eb-a253-1f9b9f40f471",[214,217,220],{"id":215,"optionText":216,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":10},"01a07863-f295-7287-a253-1f9b9de132e4","무관하다",{"id":218,"optionText":219,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":21},"01a07863-f295-72ab-a253-1f9b9e1846a4","같은 시대에 공존한다",{"id":221,"optionText":222,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":34},"01a07863-f295-72cb-a253-1f9b9e570d22","관련된다",{"id":224,"blankNumber":34,"options":225},"01a07863-f295-737b-a253-1f9ba0af3f00",[226,229,232],{"id":227,"optionText":228,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":10},"01a07863-f295-731f-a253-1f9b9fc20302","모두 객체 높임이다",{"id":230,"optionText":231,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":21},"01a07863-f295-733f-a253-1f9b9ff8d779","서로 다르다",{"id":233,"optionText":234,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":34},"01a07863-f295-735f-a253-1f9ba08b4510","모두 청자 높임이다",{"id":236,"sentenceTemplate":237,"displayOrder":238,"explanation":239,"exampleSentence":240,"blanks":241},"01a07863-f295-74c7-a253-1f9ba3835980","한 문헌에서 같은 설명 의문인데 주어가 1인칭인 예와 2인칭인 예의 종결형이 다르다. 이 차이를 분석할 단서는 __1__이다.",10,"Along with the yes\u002Fno versus content-question distinction, subject person can condition the choice between historical interrogative endings.","의문형을 자유 변이로 보기 전에 질문 유형과 주어 인칭을 함께 확인한다.",[242],{"id":243,"blankNumber":21,"options":244},"01a07863-f295-7473-a253-1f9ba31848cf",[245,248,251],{"id":246,"optionText":247,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":10},"01a07863-f295-740f-a253-1f9ba20403f2","목적어의 유정성",{"id":249,"optionText":250,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":21},"01a07863-f295-742f-a253-1f9ba2433759","현대 번역의 종결형",{"id":252,"optionText":253,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":34},"01a07863-f295-7453-a253-1f9ba24cca81","주어의 인칭",{"id":255,"sentenceTemplate":256,"displayOrder":257,"explanation":258,"exampleSentence":259,"blanks":260},"01a07863-f295-75bf-a253-1f9ba651187e","하쇼셔체와 현대 하십시오체를 비교할 때는 __1__.",11,"Because the systems differ in social structure, genre conventions, and morphology, genealogical relations must be separated from discourse function in each period.","현대 번역이 가능하다는 사실만으로 옛 화계와 현대 화계를 같다고 할 수 없다.",[261],{"id":262,"blankNumber":21,"options":263},"01a07863-f295-7587-a253-1f9ba5a3d0a9",[264,267,270],{"id":265,"optionText":266,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":10},"01a07863-f295-7517-a253-1f9ba4251995","현대 하십시오체를 기준으로 옛 등급의 높낮이를 정한다",{"id":268,"optionText":269,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":21},"01a07863-f295-753b-a253-1f9ba4afa54b","계통은 비교하고 각 시대의 담화 기능은 별도로 분석해야 한다",{"id":271,"optionText":272,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":34},"01a07863-f295-7567-a253-1f9ba5876792","같은 장르의 예만 고르면 두 시대의 등급을 직접 대응할 수 있다",{"id":274,"sentenceTemplate":275,"displayOrder":276,"explanation":277,"exampleSentence":278,"blanks":279},"01a07863-f295-769f-a253-1f9ba7d1e9cf","현대 사극이나 번역에서 하오체와 하게체가 반복될 때, 이 형식은 주로 __1__으로 기능한다.",12,"Today these levels survive in restricted relationships and genres, where they can function as stylistic resources for period atmosphere and characterization.","사극의 일관된 하오체는 현대 일상어보다 작품의 시대감과 인물 관계를 보여 준다.",[280],{"id":281,"blankNumber":21,"options":282},"01a07863-f295-7667-a253-1f9ba7ba35e0",[283,286,289],{"id":284,"optionText":285,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":10},"01a07863-f295-7607-a253-1f9ba6987ebe","현대 일상에서 널리 쓰이는 최고 높임 등급",{"id":287,"optionText":288,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":21},"01a07863-f295-7627-a253-1f9ba7861cec","시대감과 인물 관계를 만드는 문체 자원",{"id":290,"optionText":291,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":34},"01a07863-f295-7647-a253-1f9ba788ee65","15세기 하쇼셔체가 그대로 보존된 형태","\u002Fuploads\u002Fimages\u002Fgpimg_0520851b-ab5c-40d8-a7ed-a5f27c9ddbf2_hero.webp?v=1788726211",{"title":294,"slug":295,"language":296,"level":297},"고전 문헌의 말하기 등급","gojeon-munheon-ui-malhagi-deunggeup","ko","C2"]