[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"grammar-exercise-01a07864-033f-7857-ac79-8835bc11da9c":3,"grammar-exercise-lesson-01a07863-da8d-7aac-bec2-62081bddaf94":300},{"id":4,"grammarPage":5,"title":6,"instructions":7,"seoTitle":8,"seoDescription":9,"displayOrder":10,"type":11,"questions":12,"ogImageUrl":299},"01a07864-033f-7857-ac79-8835bc11da9c","\u002Fapi\u002Fgrammar_pages\u002F01a07863-da8d-7aac-bec2-62081bddaf94","Direct evidence, inference, and hearsay","Choose the Korean evidential form that matches both the information source and the spoken or written register established in each scenario.","직접 경험·추론·전문을 구별하는 증거성 빈칸 연습","직접 보고 겪은 일의 -더라고요, 흔적에서 추론한 -나 보다, 남에게 들은 말의 전달형 가운데 알맞은 것을 하나씩 골라 빈칸을 알맞게 채워요. 재부팅 현장, 젖은 우산 같은 여러 장면마다 정보를 얻은 출처와 구어·문어 말투에 꼭 맞는 증거성 표현을 정확하게 가려내요.",0,"word_select",[13,35,53,71,90,109,128,147,166,185,204,223,242,261,280],{"id":14,"sentenceTemplate":15,"displayOrder":10,"explanation":16,"exampleSentence":17,"blanks":18},"01a07864-033f-7abf-ac79-8835bdd0c380","현장에서 재부팅 과정을 직접 지켜본 기술자가 동료에게 말했다. “장비가 __1__.”","The technician directly witnessed the equipment resume operation, so polite spoken experiential 「-더라고요」 is appropriate. The rivals mark hearsay and inference at the same speech level.","현장에서 확인해 보니 냉각 장치가 다시 작동하더라고요.",[19],{"id":20,"blankNumber":21,"options":22},"01a07864-033f-7a73-ac79-8835bd774845",1,[23,27,31],{"id":24,"optionText":25,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":10},"01a07864-033f-79cb-ac79-8835bccac3ef","정상적으로 가동된대요",false,{"id":28,"optionText":29,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":21},"01a07864-033f-7a1f-ac79-8835bcd49b97","정상적으로 가동되더라고요",true,{"id":32,"optionText":33,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":34},"01a07864-033f-7a4b-ac79-8835bd1e6d1a","정상적으로 가동되나 봐요",2,{"id":36,"sentenceTemplate":37,"displayOrder":21,"explanation":38,"exampleSentence":39,"blanks":40},"01a07864-033f-7bb7-ac79-8835c101ba8a","현관에 젖은 우산들이 놓여 있다. 밖을 보지 못한 사람이 말했다. “밖에 비가 __1__.”","Wet umbrellas are indirect traces, so 「-나 보다」 marks an inference rather than direct past perception.","바닥에 발자국이 있으니 누가 다녀갔나 보다.",[41],{"id":42,"blankNumber":21,"options":43},"01a07864-033f-7b7f-ac79-8835c02da66e",[44,47,50],{"id":45,"optionText":46,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":10},"01a07864-033f-7b17-ac79-8835bea61abd","왔더라",{"id":48,"optionText":49,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":21},"01a07864-033f-7b3b-ac79-8835bf323809","왔다더라",{"id":51,"optionText":52,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":34},"01a07864-033f-7b5f-ac79-8835bfe00f0e","왔나 보다",{"id":54,"sentenceTemplate":55,"displayOrder":34,"explanation":56,"exampleSentence":57,"blanks":58},"01a07864-033f-7c9b-ac79-8835c3c1caea","동료에게 일정 변경 소식을 들은 뒤 다른 팀에 전한다. “내일 회의가 오후로 __1__.”","The information comes from another person, so colloquial hearsay 「-대요」 correctly marks reported distance.","담당자 말로는 발표 시간이 늦춰진대요.",[59],{"id":60,"blankNumber":21,"options":61},"01a07864-033f-7c67-ac79-8835c358dd2f",[62,65,68],{"id":63,"optionText":64,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":10},"01a07864-033f-7bff-ac79-8835c1c20914","바뀌었대요",{"id":66,"optionText":67,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":21},"01a07864-033f-7c23-ac79-8835c29cc7d7","바뀌더라고요",{"id":69,"optionText":70,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":34},"01a07864-033f-7c43-ac79-8835c2bb3616","바뀌었나 봐요",{"id":72,"sentenceTemplate":73,"displayOrder":74,"explanation":75,"exampleSentence":76,"blanks":77},"01a07864-033f-7d7b-ac79-8835c62aeb7e","공식 조사 보고서의 분석 내용을 출처로 제시하면 “조사 보고서__1__ 사고 원인은 과열로 분석되었다.”라고 한다.",3,"「-에 따르면」 explicitly attributes the proposition to a named documentary source.","감사 자료에 따르면 예산 집행률은 82%였다.",[78],{"id":79,"blankNumber":21,"options":80},"01a07864-033f-7d47-ac79-8835c612e14b",[81,84,87],{"id":82,"optionText":83,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":10},"01a07864-033f-7ce3-ac79-8835c40eca03","에서는",{"id":85,"optionText":86,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":21},"01a07864-033f-7d07-ac79-8835c4d3fe77","에 따르면",{"id":88,"optionText":89,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":34},"01a07864-033f-7d27-ac79-8835c55a544f","에 따라",{"id":91,"sentenceTemplate":92,"displayOrder":93,"explanation":94,"exampleSentence":95,"blanks":96},"01a07864-033f-7e67-ac79-8835c910dc52","자신의 발표 녹화 영상을 처음 본 사람이 동료에게 말했다. “영상을 보니 내가 말할 때 안경을 자꾸 __1__.”",4,"The speaker perceives their own past behavior as a newly observed event in the recording, which licenses experiential 「만지더라고요」. The rivals instead mark hearsay or inference.","녹화본을 보니 내가 질문마다 고개를 끄덕이더라고요.",[97],{"id":98,"blankNumber":21,"options":99},"01a07864-033f-7e2b-ac79-8835c86a3abf",[100,103,106],{"id":101,"optionText":102,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":10},"01a07864-033f-7dbf-ac79-8835c6a0ac6d","만진대요",{"id":104,"optionText":105,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":21},"01a07864-033f-7de3-ac79-8835c7253f49","만지나 봐요",{"id":107,"optionText":108,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":34},"01a07864-033f-7e0b-ac79-8835c7ec99b1","만지더라고요",{"id":110,"sentenceTemplate":111,"displayOrder":112,"explanation":113,"exampleSentence":114,"blanks":115},"01a07864-033f-7f47-ac79-8835cc585973","새 배터리를 일주일 동안 직접 써 본 사람이 동료에게 말했다. “이 배터리는 생각보다 오래 __1__.”",5,"Repeated first-hand use supports the polite experiential retrospective ending 「-더라고요」.","직접 입어 보니 이 재킷은 비를 잘 막더라고요.",[116],{"id":117,"blankNumber":21,"options":118},"01a07864-033f-7f0f-ac79-8835cb797953",[119,122,125],{"id":120,"optionText":121,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":10},"01a07864-033f-7eab-ac79-8835c9fb9afd","간대요",{"id":123,"optionText":124,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":21},"01a07864-033f-7ecf-ac79-8835cad4efc4","가더라고요",{"id":126,"optionText":127,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":34},"01a07864-033f-7eef-ac79-8835cb5dacb2","가나 봐요",{"id":129,"sentenceTemplate":130,"displayOrder":131,"explanation":132,"exampleSentence":133,"blanks":134},"01a07864-0340-7091-a1bd-6d320186f878","복도에 페인트 냄새가 강하지만 작업 장면은 보지 못했다. “어딘가를 새로 __1__.”",6,"The smell is indirect evidence from which the speaker infers an unseen event, so 「-나 보다」 fits.","연기가 보이니 근처에서 무언가를 태우나 보다.",[135],{"id":136,"blankNumber":21,"options":137},"01a07864-0340-7059-a1bd-6d3201067135",[138,141,144],{"id":139,"optionText":140,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":10},"01a07864-033f-7f8f-ac79-8835cd2c1bc4","칠했나 보다",{"id":142,"optionText":143,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":21},"01a07864-0340-7011-a1bd-6d31fff4fe24","칠했더라",{"id":145,"optionText":146,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":34},"01a07864-0340-7039-a1bd-6d3200e984db","칠했다더라",{"id":148,"sentenceTemplate":149,"displayOrder":150,"explanation":151,"exampleSentence":152,"blanks":153},"01a07864-0340-716d-a1bd-6d32051222db","협력사 담당자에게 들은 납품 소식을 동료에게 옮긴다. “부품 납품이 이틀 __1__.”",7,"An explicitly named human source licenses the reported form 「늦어진대요」.","운영팀 말로는 점검이 밤까지 이어진대요.",[154],{"id":155,"blankNumber":21,"options":156},"01a07864-0340-7139-a1bd-6d320444022a",[157,160,163],{"id":158,"optionText":159,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":10},"01a07864-0340-70d9-a1bd-6d32026ded9d","늦어지더라고요",{"id":161,"optionText":162,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":21},"01a07864-0340-70f9-a1bd-6d320350adbb","늦어진대요",{"id":164,"optionText":165,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":34},"01a07864-0340-7119-a1bd-6d3203605552","늦어지나 봐요",{"id":167,"sentenceTemplate":168,"displayOrder":169,"explanation":170,"exampleSentence":171,"blanks":172},"01a07864-0340-7255-a1bd-6d32063473c2","원본과 대조하며 표 3을 직접 확인한 편집자가 동료에게 말했다. “표 3에 숫자가 하나 __1__.”",8,"The omission is discovered through direct inspection of the document, so polite 「빠졌더라고요」 marks genuine first-hand retrospective evidence.","원고를 확인해 보니 각주 번호가 하나 빠졌더라고요.",[173],{"id":174,"blankNumber":21,"options":175},"01a07864-0340-7211-a1bd-6d3205c206ab",[176,179,182],{"id":177,"optionText":178,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":10},"01a07864-0340-71b5-a1bd-6d32053819b3","빠졌대요",{"id":180,"optionText":181,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":21},"01a07864-0340-71d5-a1bd-6d32054cc055","빠졌나 봐요",{"id":183,"optionText":184,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":34},"01a07864-0340-71f5-a1bd-6d3205ad4c9a","빠졌더라고요",{"id":186,"sentenceTemplate":187,"displayOrder":188,"explanation":189,"exampleSentence":190,"blanks":191},"01a07864-0340-7339-a1bd-6d3207cb4b7b","회의실 프로젝터가 꺼져 있고 의자가 모두 정리되어 있다. “행사가 벌써 __1__.”",9,"The cleared room provides indirect traces rather than a witnessed ending, so 「끝났나 보다」 marks inference.","무대 장비가 철수된 걸 보니 공연이 끝났나 보다.",[192],{"id":193,"blankNumber":21,"options":194},"01a07864-0340-72fd-a1bd-6d320750ecf3",[195,198,201],{"id":196,"optionText":197,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":10},"01a07864-0340-729d-a1bd-6d32065bca05","끝났나 보다",{"id":199,"optionText":200,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":21},"01a07864-0340-72c1-a1bd-6d32069115f3","끝났더라",{"id":202,"optionText":203,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":34},"01a07864-0340-72e1-a1bd-6d3207132c3b","끝났다더라",{"id":205,"sentenceTemplate":206,"displayOrder":207,"explanation":208,"exampleSentence":209,"blanks":210},"01a07864-0340-7415-a1bd-6d320ad7781b","동료에게 감사 결과를 들은 뒤 다른 사람에게 편하게 전한다. “승인 절차가 두 차례 누락__1__.”",10,"「됐다더라」 marks a second-hand report; 「됐더라」 would claim direct discovery, and 「됐나 보다」 would present inference.","담당자에게 들었는데 접수 기록도 하나 빠졌다더라.",[211],{"id":212,"blankNumber":21,"options":213},"01a07864-0340-73dd-a1bd-6d3209f90d4b",[214,217,220],{"id":215,"optionText":216,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":10},"01a07864-0340-737d-a1bd-6d3208bad1ee","됐더라",{"id":218,"optionText":219,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":21},"01a07864-0340-739d-a1bd-6d32098d01a3","됐다더라",{"id":221,"optionText":222,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":34},"01a07864-0340-73bd-a1bd-6d32099f50b1","됐나 보다",{"id":224,"sentenceTemplate":225,"displayOrder":226,"explanation":227,"exampleSentence":228,"blanks":229},"01a07864-0340-7505-a1bd-6d320dd891bb","창밖의 나뭇가지가 계속 크게 흔들리지만 바람을 직접 맞지는 않았다. “밖에 바람이 많이 __1__.”",11,"Movement of the branches provides indirect perceptual evidence, so the inferential form is better than direct experience or hearsay.","깃발이 세게 펄럭이니 바람이 강한가 보다.",[230],{"id":231,"blankNumber":21,"options":232},"01a07864-0340-74cd-a1bd-6d320d88dd14",[233,236,239],{"id":234,"optionText":235,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":10},"01a07864-0340-7459-a1bd-6d320baa382e","분다더라",{"id":237,"optionText":238,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":21},"01a07864-0340-7479-a1bd-6d320c988879","부나 보다",{"id":240,"optionText":241,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":34},"01a07864-0340-7499-a1bd-6d320ca9db1c","불더라",{"id":243,"sentenceTemplate":244,"displayOrder":245,"explanation":246,"exampleSentence":247,"blanks":248},"01a07864-0340-75e5-a1bd-6d320fd8a87b","관제 화면에서 접속량이 계속 느는 상황을 직접 지켜본 직원이 동료에게 말했다. “접속량이 __1__.”",12,"Direct monitoring licenses present-event retrospective 「늘더라고요」. The hearsay and inferential rivals keep the same event tense and polite spoken register.","화면을 지켜보니 자정 뒤 오류 수가 급격히 줄더라.",[249],{"id":250,"blankNumber":21,"options":251},"01a07864-0340-75ad-a1bd-6d320f8068f4",[252,255,258],{"id":253,"optionText":254,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":10},"01a07864-0340-7549-a1bd-6d320ed10bc2","느나 봐요",{"id":256,"optionText":257,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":21},"01a07864-0340-7571-a1bd-6d320f3612c1","는다더라고요",{"id":259,"optionText":260,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":34},"01a07864-0340-7591-a1bd-6d320f5bbe69","늘더라고요",{"id":262,"sentenceTemplate":263,"displayOrder":264,"explanation":265,"exampleSentence":266,"blanks":267},"01a07864-0340-76cd-a1bd-6d3212078c70","창고 바닥의 빈 상자만 보고 판단한 사람은 “재고가 이미 __1__.”라고 말한다.",13,"Empty boxes are traces, not a witnessed sale event; inferential 「소진됐나 보다」 maintains that distinction.","진열대가 비어 있으니 인기 상품이 다 팔렸나 보다.",[268],{"id":269,"blankNumber":21,"options":270},"01a07864-0340-7695-a1bd-6d321111bac3",[271,274,277],{"id":272,"optionText":273,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":10},"01a07864-0340-7635-a1bd-6d32107b87c3","소진됐나 보다",{"id":275,"optionText":276,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":21},"01a07864-0340-7659-a1bd-6d3210ce3175","소진됐더라",{"id":278,"optionText":279,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":34},"01a07864-0340-7679-a1bd-6d3210ea1e1b","소진됐다더라",{"id":281,"sentenceTemplate":282,"displayOrder":283,"explanation":284,"exampleSentence":285,"blanks":286},"01a07864-0340-77ad-a1bd-6d3214a5a05d","출처가 확인된 기관 발표를 책임 있게 옮기려면 “질병관리청은 신규 지침이 다음 달 시행된다고 __1__.”라고 쓴다.",14,"The reporting verb 「밝혔다」 assigns responsibility to the named institution instead of leaving the claim source-free.","위원회는 개정안이 금요일 공개된다고 밝혔다.",[287],{"id":288,"blankNumber":21,"options":289},"01a07864-0340-7775-a1bd-6d3214931c00",[290,293,296],{"id":291,"optionText":292,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":10},"01a07864-0340-7715-a1bd-6d3212a1b50f","전해졌다",{"id":294,"optionText":295,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":21},"01a07864-0340-7735-a1bd-6d321380cf5e","밝혔다",{"id":297,"optionText":298,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":34},"01a07864-0340-7755-a1bd-6d3213a979db","알려졌다","\u002Fuploads\u002Fimages\u002Fgpimg_e1b01734-bf11-4887-83c4-6e0566eb8400_hero.webp?v=1788726215",{"title":301,"slug":302,"language":303,"level":304},"증거성과 전달 거리","jeunggeoseong-gwa-jeondal-geori","ko","C1"]