[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"grammar-exercise-01a07864-03da-731b-98be-f1a5907592bd":3,"grammar-exercise-lesson-01a07863-da9b-74e0-aa05-b70e5e015c3d":280},{"id":4,"grammarPage":5,"title":6,"instructions":7,"seoTitle":8,"seoDescription":9,"displayOrder":10,"type":11,"questions":12,"ogImageUrl":279},"01a07864-03da-731b-98be-f1a5907592bd","\u002Fapi\u002Fgrammar_pages\u002F01a07863-da9b-74e0-aa05-b70e5e015c3d","Korean variation across speakers and settings","Read each Korean speech context and choose the form or interpretation supported by the regional, generational, or register evidence.","지역·세대·사용역에 따른 한국어 발음 변이 해석","서울과 제주 출신 화자 비교, 같은 화자의 낭독과 빠른 일상 대화처럼 조건이 다른 발화 자료를 자세히 읽고 근거가 뒷받침하는 발음 형태와 해석을 골라 빈칸을 하나씩 채워요. ㅐ\u002Fㅔ 합류 같은 여러 변이를 지역, 세대, 말투를 보여 주는 증거에 따라 꼼꼼히 구별해요.",0,"word_select",[13,35,53,71,90,109,128,147,166,185,203,222,241,260],{"id":14,"sentenceTemplate":15,"displayOrder":10,"explanation":16,"exampleSentence":17,"blanks":18},"01a07864-03da-75bb-98be-f1a5932b8f5b","Age-matched Seoul- and Jeju-raised groups completed the same fast-conversation task, and no other task was collected. Complete the Korean report with the neutral task marker: “이 빠른 대화 과업__1__ 서울 성장 집단의 모음 겹침이 더 컸다.”","-에서 locates the result in the task that was actually collected. -에서도 presupposes an additional setting, while -에서조차 adds an unsupported sense of surprise.","같은 나이의 두 지역 집단을 같은 과업에서 비교하면 성장 지역에 따른 분포를 살펴볼 수 있다.",[19],{"id":20,"blankNumber":21,"options":22},"01a07864-03da-756b-98be-f1a5927043c0",1,[23,27,30],{"id":24,"optionText":25,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":10},"01a07864-03da-74d3-98be-f1a5914515ab","에서도",false,{"id":28,"optionText":29,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":21},"01a07864-03da-7517-98be-f1a591b1e47b","에서조차",{"id":31,"optionText":32,"isCorrect":33,"displayOrder":34},"01a07864-03da-7543-98be-f1a591b65621","에서",true,2,{"id":36,"sentenceTemplate":37,"displayOrder":21,"explanation":38,"exampleSentence":39,"blanks":40},"01a07864-03da-76c7-98be-f1a5960edc49","The same Seoul speaker showed different degrees of ‘ㅐ\u002Fㅔ’ overlap in careful reading and fast conversation. Complete the Korean conclusion: “같은 화자 안에서도 합류 정도는 사용역__1__ 달라질 수 있다.”","-별로 marks variation across registers without claiming a single cause. -마저 adds an unwarranted additive emphasis, while -에서만 overstates the result as exclusive to register.","같은 화자도 낭독에서는 두 모음을 더 분명히 구별하고 빠른 대화에서는 더 겹치게 실현할 수 있다.",[41],{"id":42,"blankNumber":21,"options":43},"01a07864-03da-768f-98be-f1a5958f3ffd",[44,47,50],{"id":45,"optionText":46,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":10},"01a07864-03da-7623-98be-f1a593aaff11","마저",{"id":48,"optionText":49,"isCorrect":33,"displayOrder":21},"01a07864-03da-764b-98be-f1a59494d96a","별로",{"id":51,"optionText":52,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":34},"01a07864-03da-766f-98be-f1a594a27935","에서만",{"id":54,"sentenceTemplate":55,"displayOrder":34,"explanation":56,"exampleSentence":57,"blanks":58},"01a07864-03da-77ab-98be-f1a597d377f5","Two generations from the same region completed the same task. Older speakers relied more on voice-onset time to distinguish word-initial lenis and aspirated stops, while younger speakers relied more on following-vowel pitch. Complete the Korean analysis: “이 차이는 지역이나 사용역의 차이__1__ 세대에 따른 단서 가중치의 차이로 먼저 해석해야 한다.”","-라기보다는 contrasts the controlled regional and register axes with the observed generational contrast. -더라도 would concede a regional or register difference that the design did not vary, and -일수록 requires a proportional relationship absent from the data.","자음 범주를 판정할 때 발성 시점과 뒤 모음의 음높이가 함께 단서가 될 수 있다.",[59],{"id":60,"blankNumber":21,"options":61},"01a07864-03da-7773-98be-f1a597784e84",[62,65,68],{"id":63,"optionText":64,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":10},"01a07864-03da-770f-98be-f1a5963cd049","더라도",{"id":66,"optionText":67,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":21},"01a07864-03da-7733-98be-f1a596553551","일수록",{"id":69,"optionText":70,"isCorrect":33,"displayOrder":34},"01a07864-03da-7753-98be-f1a596e0aa24","라기보다는",{"id":72,"sentenceTemplate":73,"displayOrder":74,"explanation":75,"exampleSentence":76,"blanks":77},"01a07864-03da-788b-98be-f1a59b241e14","A friend asks which of two proposals is the speaker’s conclusion. The speaker contrasts the first proposal with the other one: “아니, __1__ 내 결론이 아니야.”",3,"The contrasted first proposal is set up as the topic, so 그것은 contracts to 그건. 그걸 carries an object marker, while 그곳은 incorrectly turns the referent into a place.","친구와의 빠른 대화에서는 “그것은”이 “그건”으로 줄어들 수 있다.",[78],{"id":79,"blankNumber":21,"options":80},"01a07864-03da-7853-98be-f1a59a696dc8",[81,84,87],{"id":82,"optionText":83,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":10},"01a07864-03da-77f3-98be-f1a598c981c2","그걸",{"id":85,"optionText":86,"isCorrect":33,"displayOrder":21},"01a07864-03da-7817-98be-f1a5995ccc64","그건",{"id":88,"optionText":89,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":34},"01a07864-03da-7837-98be-f1a59996eb9f","그곳은",{"id":91,"sentenceTemplate":92,"displayOrder":93,"explanation":94,"exampleSentence":95,"blanks":96},"01a07864-03da-7967-98be-f1a59d98accc","A pronunciation guide permits both monophthongal and diphthongal realizations of ‘ㅚ’. In one recorded community sample, the diphthongal realization occurred more often. Which Korean report keeps the normative and descriptive questions separate? “__1__”",4,"The correct report states the guide’s permission separately from the observed sample frequency. The rivals infer a unique norm from a sample or infer equal real-world frequencies from equal normative permission.","규범이 두 발음을 허용해도 특정 공동체에서 한 실현이 더 자주 나타날 수 있다.",[97],{"id":98,"blankNumber":21,"options":99},"01a07864-03da-792f-98be-f1a59d225e02",[100,103,106],{"id":101,"optionText":102,"isCorrect":33,"displayOrder":10},"01a07864-03da-78cf-98be-f1a59bcd2b58","규범은 두 실현을 허용하며, 이 표본에서는 이중 모음형이 더 자주 나타났다",{"id":104,"optionText":105,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":21},"01a07864-03da-78f3-98be-f1a59c8c24ac","이 표본에서 이중 모음형이 우세하므로 규범도 그 형만 허용한다고 볼 수 있다",{"id":107,"optionText":108,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":34},"01a07864-03da-7913-98be-f1a59d0e5bdf","규범이 두 실현을 허용하므로 실제 공동체에서도 두 형의 비율이 같다고 볼 수 있다",{"id":110,"sentenceTemplate":111,"displayOrder":112,"explanation":113,"exampleSentence":114,"blanks":115},"01a07864-03da-7a4f-98be-f1a59eeb3ff3","Two speakers realize the same word’s ‘ㅚ’ close to a monophthong and a diphthong respectively, without changing the word’s identity or meaning. Complete the Korean classification: “이 차이는 __1__.”",5,"The two pronunciations preserve the same word and meaning, so the evidence supports different phonetic realizations within one phonological category. Separate phonological systems or a regional split would require additional contrasts and speaker data.","규범이 복수의 발음을 허용하는 경우에도 공동체나 상황에 따라 선호하는 실현이 다를 수 있다.",[116],{"id":117,"blankNumber":21,"options":118},"01a07864-03da-7a17-98be-f1a59ed78777",[119,122,125],{"id":120,"optionText":121,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":10},"01a07864-03da-79ab-98be-f1a59e7f13f7","두 화자가 서로 다른 ㅚ 음운 범주를 가진 결과이다",{"id":123,"optionText":124,"isCorrect":33,"displayOrder":21},"01a07864-03da-79d7-98be-f1a59eb2f805","같은 음운 범주 안의 서로 다른 음성적 실현이다",{"id":126,"optionText":127,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":34},"01a07864-03da-79fb-98be-f1a59eb87bbe","두 화자의 성장 지역에 따른 체계적 대립 차이이다",{"id":129,"sentenceTemplate":130,"displayOrder":131,"explanation":132,"exampleSentence":133,"blanks":134},"01a07864-03da-7b2b-98be-f1a5a0ff7eb8","Researchers compared speakers in their twenties and seventies from the same region, doing the same task at one point in time, and found more of a new realization in the younger group. Which Korean conclusion is most cautious? “__1__”",6,"A one-time age-group contrast can be evidence of change in progress, but it cannot distinguish community change from age grading. Actual-time or longitudinal data are needed before choosing between those explanations.","한 시점의 청년층과 노년층 차이는 변화 가능성을 보여 주지만 변화가 확정되었다는 뜻은 아니다.",[135],{"id":136,"blankNumber":21,"options":137},"01a07864-03da-7af3-98be-f1a5a023bbd6",[138,141,144],{"id":139,"optionText":140,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":10},"01a07864-03da-7a93-98be-f1a59f039f71","20대의 실현이 앞으로 공동체 전체에 퍼질 것이라는 것이다",{"id":142,"optionText":143,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":21},"01a07864-03da-7ab7-98be-f1a59f92d316","관찰된 차이가 생애 단계 효과에서 비롯되었다는 것이다",{"id":145,"optionText":146,"isCorrect":33,"displayOrder":34},"01a07864-03da-7ad7-98be-f1a59ffa8088","진행 중인 변화의 단서일 수 있으나 생애 단계 효과와 구별해야 한다는 것이다",{"id":148,"sentenceTemplate":149,"displayOrder":150,"explanation":151,"exampleSentence":152,"blanks":153},"01a07864-03da-7c0b-98be-f1a5a3ed199b","In one regional variety, younger speakers produced a smaller vowel-length difference than older speakers between two words but maintained a systematic pitch difference. Complete the appropriately hedged Korean analysis: “음장 차이가 약해지면서 음높이가 대립의 기능 부담을 나누는 것으로 __1__.”",7,"-해석할 수 있다 presents functional-load sharing as an evidence-compatible interpretation. -단정할 수 있다 and -해석할 수밖에 없다 both make it conclusive even though other explanations require further evidence.","과거의 음장 대립이 약해질 때 다른 운율 단서가 어휘 구별에 기여할 수 있다.",[154],{"id":155,"blankNumber":21,"options":156},"01a07864-03da-7bd3-98be-f1a5a3208bf7",[157,160,163],{"id":158,"optionText":159,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":10},"01a07864-03da-7b6f-98be-f1a5a1be2a20","단정할 수 있다",{"id":161,"optionText":162,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":21},"01a07864-03da-7b93-98be-f1a5a258aaa1","해석할 수밖에 없다",{"id":164,"optionText":165,"isCorrect":33,"displayOrder":34},"01a07864-03da-7bb3-98be-f1a5a279d440","해석할 수 있다",{"id":167,"sentenceTemplate":168,"displayOrder":169,"explanation":170,"exampleSentence":171,"blanks":172},"01a07864-03da-7ce7-98be-f1a5a6dcb3a5","A television drama exaggerates one “regional” intonation whenever a comic character appears. The actor’s birthplace is known, but no unscripted speech was collected. Complete the Korean warning: “배우의 연기 발화만으로 지역 공동체의 일상 억양을 대표한다고 __1__.”",8,"-단정할 수 없다 keeps performed speech from standing in for natural community data. -단정해야 한다 and -단정해도 된다 license precisely the unsupported generalization the warning rejects.","매체의 사투리 연기는 자연 대화와 따로 비교해야 지역어 증거로 해석할 수 있다.",[173],{"id":174,"blankNumber":21,"options":175},"01a07864-03da-7caf-98be-f1a5a6264548",[176,179,182],{"id":177,"optionText":178,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":10},"01a07864-03da-7c4f-98be-f1a5a4ae1aee","단정해야 한다",{"id":180,"optionText":181,"isCorrect":33,"displayOrder":21},"01a07864-03da-7c6f-98be-f1a5a4b5a81d","단정할 수 없다",{"id":183,"optionText":184,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":34},"01a07864-03da-7c8f-98be-f1a5a5577d93","단정해도 된다",{"id":186,"sentenceTemplate":187,"displayOrder":188,"explanation":189,"exampleSentence":190,"blanks":191},"01a07864-03da-7dcf-98be-f1a5a8f38983","The boundary of the ‘ㅐ\u002Fㅔ’ merger did not match the boundary of lexical pitch contrast. Which connective completes the Korean report? “두 특징은 서로 다른 등어선을 보였__1__, 특징별 경계를 따로 그려야 한다.”",9,"-으므로 presents the observed isogloss mismatch as the reason for mapping each feature separately. -더라도 marks concession, while -을수록 expresses proportional change.","자음과 억양의 등어선은 일치하지 않으므로 특징별 분포를 따로 표시해야 한다.",[192],{"id":193,"blankNumber":21,"options":194},"01a07864-03da-7d93-98be-f1a5a87ad17f",[195,197,200],{"id":196,"optionText":64,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":10},"01a07864-03da-7d2b-98be-f1a5a74df150",{"id":198,"optionText":199,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":21},"01a07864-03da-7d4b-98be-f1a5a8107afe","을수록",{"id":201,"optionText":202,"isCorrect":33,"displayOrder":34},"01a07864-03da-7d77-98be-f1a5a8497277","으므로",{"id":204,"sentenceTemplate":205,"displayOrder":206,"explanation":207,"exampleSentence":208,"blanks":209},"01a07864-03da-7ea7-98be-f1a5ab0e9063","A researcher gives a prepared briefing, then repeats the instruction quickly to a close colleague. The transcript says both 그것은 and 그렇게 are reduced only in the aside. Which Korean pair matches the record? “__1__”",10,"The prepared briefing keeps 그것은 and 그렇게, while the quick aside uses 그건 and 그케. One rival removes the recorded reductions; the other incorrectly places them in both settings.","공식 브리핑의 “그것은 그렇게 표시합니다”가 빠른 덧말에서는 “그건 그케 표시해”처럼 줄어들 수 있다.",[210],{"id":211,"blankNumber":21,"options":212},"01a07864-03da-7e6f-98be-f1a5aaad58b2",[213,216,219],{"id":214,"optionText":215,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":10},"01a07864-03da-7e0f-98be-f1a5a9ccc299","브리핑: “그것은 그렇게 표시해 두겠습니다.” \u002F 덧말: “그것은 그렇게 표시해 둘게요.”",{"id":217,"optionText":218,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":21},"01a07864-03da-7e33-98be-f1a5a9e94e76","브리핑: “그건 그케 표시해 두겠습니다.” \u002F 덧말: “그건 그케 표시해 둘게요.”",{"id":220,"optionText":221,"isCorrect":33,"displayOrder":34},"01a07864-03da-7e53-98be-f1a5aa64eaa6","브리핑: “그것은 그렇게 표시해 두겠습니다.” \u002F 덧말: “그건 그케 표시해 둘게요.”",{"id":223,"sentenceTemplate":224,"displayOrder":225,"explanation":226,"exampleSentence":227,"blanks":228},"01a07864-03da-7f83-98be-f1a5ac6a2a87","In speech where ‘내’ and ‘네’ overlap, the reply records a [니]-like realization to identify the second-person referent. Which Korean form completes the transcript? “가: 내가 먼저 고를까? 나: 아니, __1__ 먼저 골라.”",11,"니가 records the observed [니]-like second-person realization in this transcript. 내가 changes the referent to first person, while standard spelling 네가 does not transcribe the particular realization the prompt specifies.","모음 대립이 약해져도 “니가 먼저 해”처럼 대명사의 다른 실현이 뜻을 구별하는 단서가 될 수 있다.",[229],{"id":230,"blankNumber":21,"options":231},"01a07864-03da-7f4f-98be-f1a5ac36b79a",[232,235,238],{"id":233,"optionText":234,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":10},"01a07864-03da-7eef-98be-f1a5ab6d1afc","내가",{"id":236,"optionText":237,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":21},"01a07864-03da-7f0f-98be-f1a5ac13f41e","네가",{"id":239,"optionText":240,"isCorrect":33,"displayOrder":34},"01a07864-03da-7f2f-98be-f1a5ac1464c1","니가",{"id":242,"sentenceTemplate":243,"displayOrder":244,"explanation":245,"exampleSentence":246,"blanks":247},"01a07864-03db-70cf-bcfc-59b1def3872b","During a broadcast rehearsal, a director gives a public production cue over the microphone to the whole crew, then quietly makes a routine request to a familiar peer in their usual conversational politeness. Which pair best suits the two audiences and purposes? “__1__”",12,"The public production cue uses 하십시오체, while the polite aside to a close colleague uses 해요체. The rivals reverse the relationship or fail to shift style.","공식 지시에서는 “확인하십시오”, 가까운 동료와의 해요체 대화에서는 “확인해요”라고 말할 수 있다.",[248],{"id":249,"blankNumber":21,"options":250},"01a07864-03db-7097-bcfc-59b1de402ef4",[251,254,257],{"id":252,"optionText":253,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":10},"01a07864-03db-702b-bcfc-59b1dc9f46c4","전체 스태프: “발음 차이를 확인해요.” \u002F 동료: “이 부분을 다시 확인하십시오.”",{"id":255,"optionText":256,"isCorrect":33,"displayOrder":21},"01a07864-03db-7057-bcfc-59b1dce1d9df","전체 스태프: “발음 차이를 확인하십시오.” \u002F 동료: “이 부분을 다시 확인해요.”",{"id":258,"optionText":259,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":34},"01a07864-03db-7077-bcfc-59b1dd7be3e1","전체 스태프: “발음 차이를 확인하십시오.” \u002F 동료: “이 부분을 다시 확인하십시오.”",{"id":261,"sentenceTemplate":262,"displayOrder":263,"explanation":264,"exampleSentence":265,"blanks":266},"01a07864-03db-71b3-bcfc-59b1e1bac91c","In the same region, older speakers maintained a vowel-length contrast in 68% of careful-reading tokens and 31% of spontaneous-conversation tokens; younger speakers did so in 15% and 10%. Which Korean statement reports a conservative realization without exceeding the data? “__1__”",13,"The supported report limits the claim to this sample, identifies the register interaction, and describes a tendency toward a more conservative realization. The rivals turn the result into a pure age effect or treat careful reading as representative of everyday speech.","이 표본의 장년층은 주의 깊은 낭독에서 더 보수적인 실현을 보이는 경향이 있었다.",[267],{"id":268,"blankNumber":21,"options":269},"01a07864-03db-7173-bcfc-59b1e0d3010d",[270,273,276],{"id":271,"optionText":272,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":10},"01a07864-03db-7113-bcfc-59b1df40a8c7","두 사용역의 차이보다 세대 차이만이 높은 유지율을 만든 것으로 보인다",{"id":274,"optionText":275,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":21},"01a07864-03db-7137-bcfc-59b1df97a708","주의 깊은 낭독의 장년층 유지율이 이 지역의 일상 발음을 대표한다고 볼 수 있다",{"id":277,"optionText":278,"isCorrect":33,"displayOrder":34},"01a07864-03db-7153-bcfc-59b1dfdfd22d","이 표본의 장년층은 특히 주의 깊은 낭독에서 음장 대립을 더 보수적으로 실현하는 경향을 보였다","\u002Fuploads\u002Fimages\u002Fgpimg_0ec56c5d-1103-4a47-aec9-4063316b70b0_hero.webp?v=1788726215",{"title":281,"slug":282,"language":283,"level":284},"지역·세대·사용역에 따른 발음 변이","jiyeok-sedae-sayongyeok-bareum-byeoni","ko","C2"]