[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"grammar-exercise-01a07864-081c-71bb-97d2-ad3d7ccec728":3,"grammar-exercise-lesson-01a07863-db03-771f-a039-b9257e399114":389},{"id":4,"grammarPage":5,"title":6,"instructions":7,"seoTitle":8,"seoDescription":9,"displayOrder":10,"type":11,"questions":12,"ogImageUrl":388},"01a07864-081c-71bb-97d2-ad3d7ccec728","\u002Fapi\u002Fgrammar_pages\u002F01a07863-db03-771f-a039-b9257e399114","Endings, honorification, and translation layers","Choose the form or analysis that best fits the historical continuity of endings, modern honorification and register, or the principles of translating Middle Korean.","어미 연속성과 높임의 층위, 번역 원리","오셨겠군요를 오-, -시-, -었-, -겠-, -군요로 나누어 형태 층위를 완성하고, 문을 열고 들어왔다 같은 계기 관계의 어미를 골라요. 중세 어미의 역사적 연속성, 현대 높임과 문체, 옛글 번역 원리를 함께 분석하며 형태가 쌓이는 순서를 확인해요.",1,"word_select",[13,65,83,101,119,148,179,198,217,245,264,301,319,338,357],{"id":14,"sentenceTemplate":15,"displayOrder":16,"explanation":17,"exampleSentence":18,"blanks":19},"01a07864-081c-76ef-97d2-ad3d84db0338","현대어 오셨겠군요의 형태 층위를 순서대로 완성하세요: 오- + __1__ + __2__ + __3__ + __4__.",0,"오셨겠군요 combines subject honorification -시-, past -었-, conjectural -겠-, and the sentence ending -군요 in that order.","가셨겠네요도 가- 뒤에 주체 높임, 과거, 추정, 종결의 정보가 차례로 결합한다.",[20,35,45,55],{"id":21,"blankNumber":10,"options":22},"01a07864-081c-7437-97d2-ad3d7e404c26",[23,27,31],{"id":24,"optionText":25,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":16},"01a07864-081c-738f-97d2-ad3d7d19050e","-겠-",false,{"id":28,"optionText":29,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":10},"01a07864-081c-73df-97d2-ad3d7da033a6","-시-",true,{"id":32,"optionText":33,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":34},"01a07864-081c-740f-97d2-ad3d7da8a483","-군요",2,{"id":36,"blankNumber":34,"options":37},"01a07864-081c-7557-97d2-ad3d80e54f2d",[38,40,43],{"id":39,"optionText":33,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":16},"01a07864-081c-7487-97d2-ad3d7f27bc28",{"id":41,"optionText":42,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":10},"01a07864-081c-74f7-97d2-ad3d7fdc5830","-었-",{"id":44,"optionText":29,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":34},"01a07864-081c-7533-97d2-ad3d80ca74f3",{"id":46,"blankNumber":47,"options":48},"01a07864-081c-7607-97d2-ad3d826e5cae",3,[49,51,53],{"id":50,"optionText":42,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":16},"01a07864-081c-759b-97d2-ad3d8105df8b",{"id":52,"optionText":33,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":10},"01a07864-081c-75bf-97d2-ad3d81aa7804",{"id":54,"optionText":25,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":34},"01a07864-081c-75e3-97d2-ad3d826d07af",{"id":56,"blankNumber":57,"options":58},"01a07864-081c-76a7-97d2-ad3d84217ce3",4,[59,61,63],{"id":60,"optionText":29,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":16},"01a07864-081c-763f-97d2-ad3d8293fcd6",{"id":62,"optionText":33,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":10},"01a07864-081c-7667-97d2-ad3d83116ea5",{"id":64,"optionText":25,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":34},"01a07864-081c-7687-97d2-ad3d83be47ea",{"id":66,"sentenceTemplate":67,"displayOrder":10,"explanation":68,"exampleSentence":69,"blanks":70},"01a07864-081c-7847-97d2-ad3d86eeb79e","문을 연 다음 들어왔다는 계기 관계를 나타내려면 “문을 열__1__ 들어왔다”가 가장 자연스럽다.","-고 presents opening the door as completed before the following entrance; -며 would present the two actions as overlapping or parallel.","문서를 확인하고 서명했다.",[71],{"id":72,"blankNumber":10,"options":73},"01a07864-081c-780b-97d2-ad3d861cdaed",[74,77,80],{"id":75,"optionText":76,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":16},"01a07864-081c-778b-97d2-ad3d84f7ad34","며",{"id":78,"optionText":79,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":10},"01a07864-081c-77c3-97d2-ad3d85019151","거늘",{"id":81,"optionText":82,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":34},"01a07864-081c-77e7-97d2-ad3d85e6642a","고",{"id":84,"sentenceTemplate":85,"displayOrder":34,"explanation":86,"exampleSentence":87,"blanks":88},"01a07864-081c-7933-97d2-ad3d89d5c182","격식 있는 조사 보고서에서 대조나 선후 관계 없이 두 활동의 병행을 나타내려면 “위원회는 자료를 __1__ 후속 대책을 논의했다”가 가장 자연스럽다.","-며 presents the activities as parallel in formal expository prose. The rivals impose a sequence or a contrast that the context explicitly excludes.","위원회는 자료를 검토하며 후속 대책을 논의했다는 문장은 보도문 문체에 자연스럽다.",[89],{"id":90,"blankNumber":10,"options":91},"01a07864-081c-78fb-97d2-ad3d891cb5f9",[92,95,98],{"id":93,"optionText":94,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":16},"01a07864-081c-7893-97d2-ad3d8711f178","검토한 뒤",{"id":96,"optionText":97,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":10},"01a07864-081c-78b7-97d2-ad3d87a7abaa","검토하며",{"id":99,"optionText":100,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":34},"01a07864-081c-78d7-97d2-ad3d8891acdf","검토했지만",{"id":102,"sentenceTemplate":103,"displayOrder":47,"explanation":104,"exampleSentence":105,"blanks":106},"01a07864-081c-7a23-97d2-ad3d8d1b3ddb","회의록에서 참석자 명단 확인을 간결하게 기록하도록 문구를 완성하세요: “참석자 명단을 __1__”.","The nominalizer -(으)ㅁ is conventional in a terse minutes entry. -기 names an activity, while -노라 is a fossilized sentence-final declaration.","회의록에 참석자 명단을 확인함이라고 기록했다.",[107],{"id":108,"blankNumber":10,"options":109},"01a07864-081c-79e7-97d2-ad3d8c3fb119",[110,113,116],{"id":111,"optionText":112,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":16},"01a07864-081c-797f-97d2-ad3d8a72af04","확인하기",{"id":114,"optionText":115,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":10},"01a07864-081c-79a3-97d2-ad3d8b2339b6","확인하노라",{"id":117,"optionText":118,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":34},"01a07864-081c-79c7-97d2-ad3d8b7ac4cd","확인함",{"id":120,"sentenceTemplate":121,"displayOrder":57,"explanation":122,"exampleSentence":123,"blanks":124},"01a07864-081c-7bb3-97d2-ad3d91a6c9a8","독서 모임의 “다음 달에 읽을 책”과 대출 가능한 책을 찾는 사람의 “오늘 읽을 책이 있을까?”에서 읽을 책의 해석은 각각 __1__, __2__에 가깝다.","The same 읽을 책 receives a scheduled reading in the club plan but a possibility reading in the library search; form alone does not fix one future tense value.","읽을 책은 단순한 미래 시점뿐 아니라 읽기로 예정했거나 읽을 가능성이 있는 대상을 가리킬 수 있다.",[125,137],{"id":126,"blankNumber":10,"options":127},"01a07864-081c-7ad3-97d2-ad3d8f380395",[128,131,134],{"id":129,"optionText":130,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":16},"01a07864-081c-7a6f-97d2-ad3d8d4f9745","완료",{"id":132,"optionText":133,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":10},"01a07864-081c-7a93-97d2-ad3d8df0be88","예정",{"id":135,"optionText":136,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":34},"01a07864-081c-7ab3-97d2-ad3d8ee546e1","진행",{"id":138,"blankNumber":34,"options":139},"01a07864-081c-7b77-97d2-ad3d90d27dce",[140,143,146],{"id":141,"optionText":142,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":16},"01a07864-081c-7b0b-97d2-ad3d8f469930","과거 회상",{"id":144,"optionText":145,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":10},"01a07864-081c-7b2b-97d2-ad3d900cb4dc","가능성",{"id":147,"optionText":130,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":34},"01a07864-081c-7b4b-97d2-ad3d90a5a420",{"id":149,"sentenceTemplate":150,"displayOrder":151,"explanation":152,"exampleSentence":153,"blanks":154},"01a07864-081c-7d47-97d2-ad3d95c4f6ce","두 문구를 완성하세요. 회의록: “담당자는 서류 접수를 완료__1__.” 활동 제목: “고전 문헌 읽__2__”.",5,"Both endings nominalize, but -(으)ㅁ is conventional in report-like notices while -기 readily names an activity or task.","점검표의 “장비 확인함”과 강좌명의 “자료 분석하기”는 장르에 따라 다른 명사형을 쓴다.",[155,167],{"id":156,"blankNumber":10,"options":157},"01a07864-081c-7c73-97d2-ad3d936a203c",[158,161,164],{"id":159,"optionText":160,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":16},"01a07864-081c-7c13-97d2-ad3d92100d70","하기",{"id":162,"optionText":163,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":10},"01a07864-081c-7c33-97d2-ad3d924497e8","했음",{"id":165,"optionText":166,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":34},"01a07864-081c-7c53-97d2-ad3d92d133c7","했기",{"id":168,"blankNumber":34,"options":169},"01a07864-081c-7d0f-97d2-ad3d94ff062a",[170,173,176],{"id":171,"optionText":172,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":16},"01a07864-081c-7caf-97d2-ad3d94403e86","음",{"id":174,"optionText":175,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":10},"01a07864-081c-7ccf-97d2-ad3d947a14b6","기",{"id":177,"optionText":178,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":34},"01a07864-081c-7cef-97d2-ad3d94e38724","는 것",{"id":180,"sentenceTemplate":181,"displayOrder":182,"explanation":183,"exampleSentence":184,"blanks":185},"01a07864-081c-7e3f-97d2-ad3d98f1a81c","회의에서 교수님을 주체로 높여 보고하려면 “교수님께서 새 자료를 __1__”가 알맞다.",6,"The human subject is explicitly honored by 께서, so the predicate naturally carries productive subject honorification with -시-. The fossil ending and unmarked predicate do not realize that agreement.","원장님께서 수정안을 검토하셨다.",[186],{"id":187,"blankNumber":10,"options":188},"01a07864-081c-7e07-97d2-ad3d986f0ce9",[189,192,195],{"id":190,"optionText":191,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":16},"01a07864-081c-7da3-97d2-ad3d968bea6b","검토했다",{"id":193,"optionText":194,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":10},"01a07864-081c-7dc7-97d2-ad3d97368576","검토하노라",{"id":196,"optionText":197,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":34},"01a07864-081c-7de7-97d2-ad3d97c2811e","검토하셨다",{"id":199,"sentenceTemplate":200,"displayOrder":201,"explanation":202,"exampleSentence":203,"blanks":204},"01a07864-081c-7f57-97d2-ad3d9a7e8881","께서로 표시한 주체와 술어의 높임을 호응시키세요: “세종께서 새 문자의 원리를 설명__1__.”",7,"The honorific subject marker 께서 calls for productive subject honorification -시- in the predicate, yielding 설명하셨다.","원장님께서 새 규정을 공표하셨다에서도 께서와 -시-가 같은 주체를 높인다.",[205],{"id":206,"blankNumber":10,"options":207},"01a07864-081c-7f1b-97d2-ad3d9a3da481",[208,211,214],{"id":209,"optionText":210,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":16},"01a07864-081c-7e97-97d2-ad3d98fb61b2","했다",{"id":212,"optionText":213,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":10},"01a07864-081c-7ed3-97d2-ad3d9962e444","하셨다",{"id":215,"optionText":216,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":34},"01a07864-081c-7ef7-97d2-ad3d9998061b","하더라",{"id":218,"sentenceTemplate":219,"displayOrder":220,"explanation":221,"exampleSentence":222,"blanks":223},"01a07864-081d-7230-a26a-6a5f479a363f","교수님께서 도착하셨습니다에서 -시-는 __1__을, -습니다는 __2__을 실현한다.",8,"-시- honors the subject 교수님, while formal -습니다 realizes addressee honorification.","할머니께서 쉬십니다에서도 주체 높임과 격식적인 청자 높임이 한 문장에 함께 나타난다.",[224,236],{"id":225,"blankNumber":10,"options":226},"01a07864-081d-7094-a26a-6a5f4494c0bf",[227,230,233],{"id":228,"optionText":229,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":16},"01a07864-081d-700c-a26a-6a5f43560370","주체 높임",{"id":231,"optionText":232,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":10},"01a07864-081d-7040-a26a-6a5f4404780c","청자 높임",{"id":234,"optionText":235,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":34},"01a07864-081d-7060-a26a-6a5f443e135c","객체 높임",{"id":237,"blankNumber":34,"options":238},"01a07864-081d-71b8-a26a-6a5f474d44c1",[239,241,243],{"id":240,"optionText":229,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":16},"01a07864-081d-7114-a26a-6a5f44d6ee29",{"id":242,"optionText":232,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":10},"01a07864-081d-7154-a26a-6a5f45d28366",{"id":244,"optionText":235,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":34},"01a07864-081d-7188-a26a-6a5f467b9dba",{"id":246,"sentenceTemplate":247,"displayOrder":248,"explanation":249,"exampleSentence":250,"blanks":251},"01a07864-081d-7458-a26a-6a5f4965667e","커피 자체를 높이는 해석을 피해야 하는 규범적 상황에서는 어떤 문장을 써야 하는가? __1__.",9,"Attaching -시- to the inanimate coffee can sound as if the coffee itself is honored; neutral normative usage is 커피가 나왔습니다.","요청하신 서류가 준비되었습니다처럼 사물에는 불필요한 주체 높임을 쓰지 않을 수 있다.",[252],{"id":253,"blankNumber":10,"options":254},"01a07864-081d-73d8-a26a-6a5f49633807",[255,258,261],{"id":256,"optionText":257,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":16},"01a07864-081d-7310-a26a-6a5f47ef9a02","커피께서 나오셨습니다",{"id":259,"optionText":260,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":10},"01a07864-081d-7360-a26a-6a5f48773866","커피가 나오시었습니다",{"id":262,"optionText":263,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":34},"01a07864-081d-739c-a26a-6a5f48e2d286","커피가 나왔습니다",{"id":265,"sentenceTemplate":266,"displayOrder":267,"explanation":268,"exampleSentence":269,"blanks":270},"01a07864-081d-7710-a26a-6a5f4eb7ffae","중립적인 일상말이 아닌 현대의 화석형 가운데 장중한 선언, 고전적 감탄, 격언·경전의 권위적 단정에 대응하는 형식을 차례로 고르세요: __1__, __2__, __3__.",10,"-노라 marks solemn declaration, -도다 archaizing exclamation, and -니라 an authoritative assertion in maxims, scripture, or historical fiction.","나는 선언하노라, 참으로 아름답도다 같은 표현은 현대 일상 대화보다 의고적인 문맥에 어울린다.",[271,283,292],{"id":272,"blankNumber":10,"options":273},"01a07864-081d-7578-a26a-6a5f4a216e89",[274,277,280],{"id":275,"optionText":276,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":16},"01a07864-081d-7500-a26a-6a5f49ff65b7","-노라",{"id":278,"optionText":279,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":10},"01a07864-081d-7530-a26a-6a5f4a02dfaf","-도다",{"id":281,"optionText":282,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":34},"01a07864-081d-7554-a26a-6a5f4a0eee95","-니라",{"id":284,"blankNumber":34,"options":285},"01a07864-081d-761c-a26a-6a5f4be3e29f",[286,288,290],{"id":287,"optionText":282,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":16},"01a07864-081d-75b8-a26a-6a5f4a438c77",{"id":289,"optionText":279,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":10},"01a07864-081d-75dc-a26a-6a5f4b0d9ac3",{"id":291,"optionText":276,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":34},"01a07864-081d-75fc-a26a-6a5f4b208e0e",{"id":293,"blankNumber":47,"options":294},"01a07864-081d-76d0-a26a-6a5f4e1faeba",[295,297,299],{"id":296,"optionText":279,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":16},"01a07864-081d-766c-a26a-6a5f4ca7fa71",{"id":298,"optionText":276,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":10},"01a07864-081d-7690-a26a-6a5f4d13b54d",{"id":300,"optionText":282,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":34},"01a07864-081d-76b0-a26a-6a5f4d8e5d8b",{"id":302,"sentenceTemplate":303,"displayOrder":304,"explanation":305,"exampleSentence":306,"blanks":307},"01a07864-081d-78dc-a26a-6a5f5156d85b","이미 이행된 약속을 반박의 배경으로 삼는 고풍스러운 문장 “이미 약속했__1__ 어찌 이제 와 부인하는가”를 완성하세요.",11,"-거늘 presents the fulfilled promise as a literary background for the following rebuttal. -노라 and -도다 are sentence-final fossil forms, not connectives for this clause relation.","사실을 알고 있었거늘 어찌 침묵했는가.",[308],{"id":309,"blankNumber":10,"options":310},"01a07864-081d-7850-a26a-6a5f5073951a",[311,313,316],{"id":312,"optionText":79,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":16},"01a07864-081d-7790-a26a-6a5f4eceaa67",{"id":314,"optionText":315,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":10},"01a07864-081d-77cc-a26a-6a5f4ef227d5","노라",{"id":317,"optionText":318,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":34},"01a07864-081d-77fc-a26a-6a5f4fac081d","도다",{"id":320,"sentenceTemplate":321,"displayOrder":322,"explanation":323,"exampleSentence":324,"blanks":325},"01a07864-081d-7a10-a26a-6a5f5310017e","사극 대사를 실제 중세 한국어의 말하기 체계로 곧바로 간주할 수 없는 까닭은 현대 창작물이 __1__ 때문이다.",12,"Historical dramas mix endings from several periods with modern grammar to create an archaic effect, not a faithful spoken system from one era.","같은 고풍스러운 종결형도 문헌의 연대와 장르가 다르면 기능이 달라질 수 있다.",[326],{"id":327,"blankNumber":10,"options":328},"01a07864-081d-79d0-a26a-6a5f52bb63f6",[329,332,335],{"id":330,"optionText":331,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":16},"01a07864-081d-795c-a26a-6a5f5196dbc8","중세 문헌의 형태소 경계를 모두 보존해 실제 구어를 재현하기",{"id":333,"optionText":334,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":10},"01a07864-081d-7988-a26a-6a5f51cb1d02","현대 높임법을 완전히 배제해 한 시대 문법만 사용하기",{"id":336,"optionText":337,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":34},"01a07864-081d-79b0-a26a-6a5f527b2e6b","여러 시대의 종결형과 현대 문법을 섞어 옛스러운 효과를 만들기",{"id":339,"sentenceTemplate":340,"displayOrder":341,"explanation":342,"exampleSentence":343,"blanks":344},"01a07864-081d-7b08-a26a-6a5f55c3385e","중세 문장을 현대어로 옮길 때 현대 단어로 바꾸기 전에 먼저 해야 할 일은 __1__이다.",13,"Translation begins by resolving old letters and liaison spelling into morpheme boundaries, then analyzing particles and endings.","형태소를 분리한 뒤에는 높임, 시제·상, 서법, 문장 유형을 차례로 확인할 수 있다.",[345],{"id":346,"blankNumber":10,"options":347},"01a07864-081d-7ac8-a26a-6a5f552ad7d5",[348,351,354],{"id":349,"optionText":350,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":16},"01a07864-081d-7a5c-a26a-6a5f533e5c9a","옛 자모와 이어적기를 풀어 형태소 경계를 세우는 것",{"id":352,"optionText":353,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":10},"01a07864-081d-7a80-a26a-6a5f53adcc03","모든 옛 종결형을 현대의 -습니다로 바꾸는 것",{"id":355,"optionText":356,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":34},"01a07864-081d-7aa8-a26a-6a5f5431a79b","현대 철자가 비슷한 단어부터 기계적으로 대응시키는 것",{"id":358,"sentenceTemplate":359,"displayOrder":360,"explanation":361,"exampleSentence":362,"blanks":363},"01a07864-081d-7ca0-a26a-6a5f5a0549ca","나랏말ᄊᆞ미 中國에 달아를 나라의 말이 중국과 달라로 옮길 때, 옛 ‘에’는 현대어의 __1__로 기능상 대응하며 현대어에서 사라진 대립을 보충하는 방법은 __2__이다.",14,"Here 에 marks a comparison standard and maps functionally to -과; distinctions absent from modern morphology can be supplied in a note or lexical wording.","역사 문법 번역은 형태를 한 글자씩 맞바꾸는 일이 아니라 원문의 장르와 화자 관계를 고려해 옛 기능을 현대 문법으로 다시 표현하는 일이다.",[364,376],{"id":365,"blankNumber":10,"options":366},"01a07864-081d-7bc8-a26a-6a5f57cbd62d",[367,370,373],{"id":368,"optionText":369,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":16},"01a07864-081d-7b54-a26a-6a5f566150e3","-과",{"id":371,"optionText":372,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":10},"01a07864-081d-7b84-a26a-6a5f57337f62","-에",{"id":374,"optionText":375,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":34},"01a07864-081d-7ba8-a26a-6a5f57419a25","-께서",{"id":377,"blankNumber":34,"options":378},"01a07864-081d-7c64-a26a-6a5f59f7e861",[379,382,385],{"id":380,"optionText":381,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":16},"01a07864-081d-7c00-a26a-6a5f5868d695","원문 형태를 삭제하는 것",{"id":383,"optionText":384,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":10},"01a07864-081d-7c24-a26a-6a5f58b77966","모든 종결형을 -습니다로 통일하는 것",{"id":386,"optionText":387,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":34},"01a07864-081d-7c44-a26a-6a5f59a32c75","주석이나 어휘를 활용하는 것","\u002Fuploads\u002Fimages\u002Fgpimg_ac71d5e5-88a1-4ca5-9e21-94da5b736b81_hero.webp?v=1788726216",{"title":390,"slug":391,"language":392,"level":393},"중세 한국어 문법의 현대 한국어 흔적","jungse-hangugeo-munbeop-ui-heunjeok","ko","C2"]