[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"grammar-exercise-01a07864-151a-7d60-8653-0fe1bd4f293d":3,"grammar-exercise-lesson-01a07863-dc49-79fb-8997-4af027e5c836":341},{"id":4,"grammarPage":5,"title":6,"instructions":7,"seoTitle":8,"seoDescription":9,"displayOrder":10,"type":11,"questions":12,"ogImageUrl":340},"01a07864-151a-7d60-8653-0fe1bd4f293d","\u002Fapi\u002Fgrammar_pages\u002F01a07863-dc49-79fb-8997-4af027e5c836","시점·기준 시제·서술 현재 설계하기","Complete or assess each Korean narrative by tracking viewpoint, the past baseline, background aspect, and deliberate narrative-present shifts.","서사 시점과 기준 시제, 서술 현재 설계","닫힌 방 안을 보지 못한 일인칭 서술, 퇴근할 때마다 책방에 들르곤 했다 같은 반복 회상처럼 시점의 한계와 과거 기준 시제, 배경의 상을 지켜 서사를 완성해요. 의도적인 서술 현재 전환도 판단하며, 장면에 긴장감과 현장감을 주는 시제 선택의 서사적 효과를 짚어요.",0,"word_select",[13,39,60,81,117,139,161,183,205,227,249,271,291],{"id":14,"sentenceTemplate":15,"displayOrder":10,"explanation":16,"exampleSentence":17,"blanks":18},"01a07864-151b-703d-a155-56ca34a7a213","Complete the first-person account without crossing the narrator’s perceptual boundary: 「나는 창가에 섰다. 복도 끝은 보였지만 닫힌 방 안의 일은 __1__.」","The first-person narrator can report the visible corridor but cannot know what happens beyond that perceptual boundary.","나는 발자국 소리를 들었지만 누가 계단을 오르는지는 보지 못했다.",[19],{"id":20,"blankNumber":21,"options":22},"01a07864-151a-7f88-8653-0fe1bfe21f2c",1,[23,27,31,35],{"id":24,"optionText":25,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":10},"01a07864-151a-7ed4-8653-0fe1bde09587","알 수 없었다",true,{"id":28,"optionText":29,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":21},"01a07864-151a-7f14-8653-0fe1be252fcc","모두 알고 있었다",false,{"id":32,"optionText":33,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":34},"01a07864-151a-7f40-8653-0fe1be2e3fbb","직접 지켜보았다",2,{"id":36,"optionText":37,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":38},"01a07864-151a-7f64-8653-0fe1bf1c13dd","미리 결정했다",3,{"id":40,"sentenceTemplate":41,"displayOrder":21,"explanation":42,"exampleSentence":43,"blanks":44},"01a07864-151b-715d-a155-56ca36a5b3e7","Complete the recalled routine; the narrator missed none of the repeated visits: 「그해 겨울, 나는 퇴근할 때마다 역 앞 책방에 __1__. 한 번도 거른 적이 없었다.」","「들르곤 했다」 presents repeated visits during a remembered period; the other forms mark one event, an ongoing scene, or foreshadowing.","그 시절 나는 주말마다 오래된 극장에 가곤 했다.",[45],{"id":46,"blankNumber":21,"options":47},"01a07864-151b-7121-a155-56ca36861430",[48,51,54,57],{"id":49,"optionText":50,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":10},"01a07864-151b-7099-a155-56ca34dab92b","들르기 시작했다",{"id":52,"optionText":53,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":21},"01a07864-151b-70c1-a155-56ca34ed3762","들르고 있었다",{"id":55,"optionText":56,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":34},"01a07864-151b-70e1-a155-56ca35956a38","들르곤 했다",{"id":58,"optionText":59,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":38},"01a07864-151b-7101-a155-56ca36464d8d","들르리라",{"id":61,"sentenceTemplate":62,"displayOrder":34,"explanation":63,"exampleSentence":64,"blanks":65},"01a07864-151b-7275-a155-56ca3993350e","Complete the past scene with the result state already holding at Seojun’s arrival: 「서준이 회의실에 들어왔을 때 자료는 이미 책상 위에 __1__.」","「놓여 있었다」 describes a prepared result state already in force at the past reference point.","지훈이 도착했을 때 의자는 이미 정렬되어 있었다.",[66],{"id":67,"blankNumber":21,"options":68},"01a07864-151b-7229-a155-56ca39473dc4",[69,72,75,78],{"id":70,"optionText":71,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":10},"01a07864-151b-71a5-a155-56ca36eb431b","놓는다",{"id":73,"optionText":74,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":21},"01a07864-151b-71c9-a155-56ca37dc03bc","놓아 둔다",{"id":76,"optionText":77,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":34},"01a07864-151b-71e9-a155-56ca382cc137","놓여 있었다",{"id":79,"optionText":80,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":38},"01a07864-151b-7209-a155-56ca384bdc1c","놓이리라",{"id":82,"sentenceTemplate":83,"displayOrder":38,"explanation":84,"exampleSentence":85,"blanks":86},"01a07864-151b-7431-a155-56ca3e9cdee9","Complete the two-step sequence marked by 「그런 뒤」: 「수아는 서랍을 __1__. 그런 뒤 열쇠를 __2__ 계단을 내려갔다.」","Completed foreground events in a past narrative use past forms to advance the event sequence.","태우는 편지를 접고 가방을 든 뒤 건물을 나섰다.",[87,102],{"id":88,"blankNumber":21,"options":89},"01a07864-151b-733d-a155-56ca3b25244a",[90,93,96,99],{"id":91,"optionText":92,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":10},"01a07864-151b-72c1-a155-56ca39af6103","열었다",{"id":94,"optionText":95,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":21},"01a07864-151b-72e1-a155-56ca3a83ed2e","열었지만",{"id":97,"optionText":98,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":34},"01a07864-151b-7301-a155-56ca3ac18660","열고 있었다",{"id":100,"optionText":101,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":38},"01a07864-151b-7321-a155-56ca3b1f6fd6","연다",{"id":103,"blankNumber":34,"options":104},"01a07864-151b-73f1-a155-56ca3dbf25dc",[105,108,111,114],{"id":106,"optionText":107,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":10},"01a07864-151b-7375-a155-56ca3b335a81","꺼내고",{"id":109,"optionText":110,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":21},"01a07864-151b-7399-a155-56ca3bed0720","꺼내었다",{"id":112,"optionText":113,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":34},"01a07864-151b-73b9-a155-56ca3c9748fd","꺼내곤 하고",{"id":115,"optionText":116,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":38},"01a07864-151b-73d5-a155-56ca3ccaa1b3","꺼내리라",{"id":118,"sentenceTemplate":119,"displayOrder":120,"explanation":121,"exampleSentence":122,"blanks":123},"01a07864-151b-7585-a155-56ca41363e0a","Complete the background that spans both past observations: 「희진은 창문을 닫았다. 그전부터 밖에서는 눈이 계속 __1__. 그녀가 다시 볼 때도 그치지 않았다.」",4,"「그전부터」, 「계속」, and the later observation force an ongoing background across the past reference point, so 「내리고 있었다」 is the only form that preserves the timeline.","민호가 불을 껐을 때 복도에서는 사람들이 기다리고 있었다.",[124],{"id":125,"blankNumber":21,"options":126},"01a07864-151b-7541-a155-56ca40f396de",[127,130,133,136],{"id":128,"optionText":129,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":10},"01a07864-151b-7491-a155-56ca3f5e8ca4","내렸었다",{"id":131,"optionText":132,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":21},"01a07864-151b-74dd-a155-56ca3f62ac52","내리고 있었다",{"id":134,"optionText":135,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":34},"01a07864-151b-7501-a155-56ca3ffdde26","내리기 시작했다",{"id":137,"optionText":138,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":38},"01a07864-151b-7521-a155-56ca400b63cb","내리리라",{"id":140,"sentenceTemplate":141,"displayOrder":142,"explanation":143,"exampleSentence":144,"blanks":145},"01a07864-151b-7695-a155-56ca43e9777f","Complete the memory of a finished project: 「혜진은 작년에 처음부터 끝까지 __1__ 소설을 다시 펼쳤다.」",5,"번역했던 recalls the completed translation project; 번역하던 would foreground an unfinished phase rather than the finished work.","민수는 대학 시절 끝까지 읽었던 소설을 다시 펼쳤다.",[146],{"id":147,"blankNumber":21,"options":148},"01a07864-151b-7659-a155-56ca431826ed",[149,152,155,158],{"id":150,"optionText":151,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":10},"01a07864-151b-75cd-a155-56ca4160f14d","번역하던",{"id":153,"optionText":154,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":21},"01a07864-151b-75ed-a155-56ca41eafe3e","번역하는",{"id":156,"optionText":157,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":34},"01a07864-151b-7611-a155-56ca4216d77a","번역할",{"id":159,"optionText":160,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":38},"01a07864-151b-7639-a155-56ca42e77fb2","번역했던",{"id":162,"sentenceTemplate":163,"displayOrder":164,"explanation":165,"exampleSentence":166,"blanks":167},"01a07864-151b-7795-a155-56ca46a3b8d4","Choose the form required by the return-time clause and 「이미」: 「연수가 돌아왔을 때 금고는 이미 __1__.」",6,"잠겨 있었다 describes the state that resulted from an earlier locking and remained at the past reference point.","사무실에 도착했을 때 모든 창문이 닫혀 있었다.",[168],{"id":169,"blankNumber":21,"options":170},"01a07864-151b-775d-a155-56ca461c5fab",[171,174,177,180],{"id":172,"optionText":173,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":10},"01a07864-151b-76dd-a155-56ca4421d1f6","잠기는 중이었다",{"id":175,"optionText":176,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":21},"01a07864-151b-7701-a155-56ca44669722","잠기기 시작했다",{"id":178,"optionText":179,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":34},"01a07864-151b-771d-a155-56ca44d35a65","잠겨 있곤 했다",{"id":181,"optionText":182,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":38},"01a07864-151b-773d-a155-56ca4576c065","잠겨 있었다",{"id":184,"sentenceTemplate":185,"displayOrder":186,"explanation":187,"exampleSentence":188,"blanks":189},"01a07864-151b-7895-a155-56ca4911f519","Complete the decisive scene after the shift signal: 「진우는 전화를 끊었다. 바로 그때 문이 열린다. 낯선 사람이 __1__.」",7,"The preceding 「열린다」 establishes narrative present at the decisive moment, so 「들어온다」 must maintain that new baseline.","그 순간 경보가 울린다. 사람들이 일제히 돌아본다.",[190],{"id":191,"blankNumber":21,"options":192},"01a07864-151b-785d-a155-56ca488aa263",[193,196,199,202],{"id":194,"optionText":195,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":10},"01a07864-151b-77dd-a155-56ca479cf1ce","들어왔다",{"id":197,"optionText":198,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":21},"01a07864-151b-7801-a155-56ca47ce133a","들어오고 있었다",{"id":200,"optionText":201,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":34},"01a07864-151b-7821-a155-56ca48845577","들어오리라",{"id":203,"optionText":204,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":38},"01a07864-151b-783d-a155-56ca4885c442","들어온다",{"id":206,"sentenceTemplate":207,"displayOrder":208,"explanation":209,"exampleSentence":210,"blanks":211},"01a07864-151b-799d-a155-56ca4b7bd3d0","Complete the decisive discovery while maintaining the tense of the following sentence: 「혜원은 비밀번호를 누르고 기다렸다. 한참 뒤 화면에 예상하지 못한 이름이 __1__. 혜원은 숨을 멈춘다.」",8,"나타난다 begins a deliberate narrative-present sequence at the decisive discovery, and the following 멈춘다 maintains that new baseline.","그는 잠금장치를 풀었다. 이때 문이 열린다.",[212],{"id":213,"blankNumber":21,"options":214},"01a07864-151b-795d-a155-56ca4b2c8cf7",[215,218,221,224],{"id":216,"optionText":217,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":10},"01a07864-151b-78e1-a155-56ca497eeace","나타났다",{"id":219,"optionText":220,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":21},"01a07864-151b-7901-a155-56ca49c5098d","나타나 있었다",{"id":222,"optionText":223,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":34},"01a07864-151b-7921-a155-56ca4a35c8a4","나타나고 있었다",{"id":225,"optionText":226,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":38},"01a07864-151b-7941-a155-56ca4ad78af8","나타난다",{"id":228,"sentenceTemplate":229,"displayOrder":230,"explanation":231,"exampleSentence":232,"blanks":233},"01a07864-151b-7ab1-a155-56ca4f9ea1ef","Complete the narrator’s foreshadowing while the characters remain unaware: 「문이 열린다. 태성은 아직 모르지만, 그 만남이 훗날 그의 운명을 __1__.」",9,"바꾸리라 foreshadows a consequence later than the narrative-present reference point; the other forms place it in a completed, ongoing, or habitual past.","그 짧은 대화가 훗날 모든 것을 바꾸리라.",[234],{"id":235,"blankNumber":21,"options":236},"01a07864-151b-7a75-a155-56ca4ec8e2fe",[237,240,243,246],{"id":238,"optionText":239,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":10},"01a07864-151b-79f1-a155-56ca4bd452b1","바꿨다",{"id":241,"optionText":242,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":21},"01a07864-151b-7a15-a155-56ca4cb10858","바꾸고 있었다",{"id":244,"optionText":245,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":34},"01a07864-151b-7a39-a155-56ca4da86544","바꾸곤 했다",{"id":247,"optionText":248,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":38},"01a07864-151b-7a55-a155-56ca4e7808ed","바꾸리라",{"id":250,"sentenceTemplate":251,"displayOrder":252,"explanation":253,"exampleSentence":254,"blanks":255},"01a07864-151b-7bb1-a155-56ca51da98ad","Complete the recollection without changing its established formal register or past baseline: 「저는 회의실에 들어갔습니다. 그 순간 모두가 저를 __1__.」",10,"바라보았습니다 matches the established 합니다체 and past baseline; 바라본다 would create an unsupported shift in both tense and register.","저는 무대에 올랐습니다. 관객들이 조용히 박수를 보냈습니다.",[256],{"id":257,"blankNumber":21,"options":258},"01a07864-151b-7b79-a155-56ca518d1838",[259,262,265,268],{"id":260,"optionText":261,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":10},"01a07864-151b-7af9-a155-56ca4fc299ab","바라봅니다",{"id":263,"optionText":264,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":21},"01a07864-151b-7b1d-a155-56ca503df5c0","바라보았다",{"id":266,"optionText":267,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":34},"01a07864-151b-7b39-a155-56ca506ba707","바라보리라",{"id":269,"optionText":270,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":38},"01a07864-151b-7b59-a155-56ca5096ce00","바라보았습니다",{"id":272,"sentenceTemplate":273,"displayOrder":274,"explanation":275,"exampleSentence":276,"blanks":277},"01a07864-151b-7cb1-a155-56ca559897bb","Complete the continuation; there is no paragraph break or transition signal: 「윤지는 열쇠를 찾았다. 문을 __1__. 다시 한 발짝 물러섰다.」",11,"열었다 keeps the three completed foreground events in the established past baseline; 연다 would introduce an unsupported present shift.","우진은 문을 밀었다. 안으로 들어가 안내원에게 길을 물었다.",[278],{"id":279,"blankNumber":21,"options":280},"01a07864-151b-7c75-a155-56ca54fe51b4",[281,283,286,288],{"id":282,"optionText":101,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":10},"01a07864-151b-7bf9-a155-56ca52be1baf",{"id":284,"optionText":285,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":21},"01a07864-151b-7c19-a155-56ca52d75830","열고 있다",{"id":287,"optionText":92,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":34},"01a07864-151b-7c39-a155-56ca5391f9b4",{"id":289,"optionText":290,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":38},"01a07864-151b-7c59-a155-56ca54712bc9","열려고 한다",{"id":292,"sentenceTemplate":293,"displayOrder":294,"explanation":295,"exampleSentence":296,"blanks":297},"01a07864-151b-7f1d-a155-56ca5db5fba9","Complete the past scene using only its internal time cues: 「민지는 정류장에 __1__. 그전부터 비는 계속 __2__, 가로등은 이미 __3__.」",12,"도착했다 advances the foreground, 내리고 있었다 supplies ongoing background, and 켜져 있었다 describes a result state already holding then.","민지는 문을 열었다. 밖에서는 비가 내리고 있었고 불은 꺼져 있었다.",[298,313,325],{"id":299,"blankNumber":21,"options":300},"01a07864-151b-7d7d-a155-56ca570a5cb8",[301,304,307,310],{"id":302,"optionText":303,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":10},"01a07864-151b-7cf9-a155-56ca55e3963f","도착했었다",{"id":305,"optionText":306,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":21},"01a07864-151b-7d19-a155-56ca566e8426","도착했다",{"id":308,"optionText":309,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":34},"01a07864-151b-7d39-a155-56ca569f4f88","도착하던",{"id":311,"optionText":312,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":38},"01a07864-151b-7d61-a155-56ca57003fec","도착한다",{"id":314,"blankNumber":34,"options":315},"01a07864-151b-7e31-a155-56ca5a2a852c",[316,318,320,322],{"id":317,"optionText":129,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":10},"01a07864-151b-7db9-a155-56ca576b9b62",{"id":319,"optionText":132,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":21},"01a07864-151b-7dd5-a155-56ca58277f3c",{"id":321,"optionText":138,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":34},"01a07864-151b-7df5-a155-56ca588d3f9a",{"id":323,"optionText":324,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":38},"01a07864-151b-7e15-a155-56ca59398fcc","내린다",{"id":326,"blankNumber":38,"options":327},"01a07864-151b-7ee1-a155-56ca5d14da1e",[328,331,334,337],{"id":329,"optionText":330,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":10},"01a07864-151b-7e69-a155-56ca5aeccc0c","켜졌었다",{"id":332,"optionText":333,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":21},"01a07864-151b-7e85-a155-56ca5b6c8e59","켜져 있었다",{"id":335,"optionText":336,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":34},"01a07864-151b-7ea5-a155-56ca5be1d823","켜지고 있다",{"id":338,"optionText":339,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":38},"01a07864-151b-7ec1-a155-56ca5cba0019","켜져 있다","\u002Fuploads\u002Fimages\u002Fgpimg_c9de4c6f-8e6b-4d3d-9f4b-c2eb5b9cb558_hero.webp?v=1788726220",{"title":342,"slug":343,"language":344,"level":345},"서사 시점과 시제 전환","seosa-sijeom-gwa-sije-jeonhwan","ko","C1"]