[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"grammar-exercise-01a07864-1592-7cba-bdbe-16e90d6e49e1":3,"grammar-exercise-lesson-01a07863-dc4f-751d-b6d8-02ea0da4df92":360},{"id":4,"grammarPage":5,"title":6,"instructions":7,"seoTitle":8,"seoDescription":9,"displayOrder":10,"type":11,"questions":12,"ogImageUrl":359},"01a07864-1592-7cba-bdbe-16e90d6e49e1","\u002Fapi\u002Fgrammar_pages\u002F01a07863-dc4f-751d-b6d8-02ea0da4df92","줄거리와 시제 전환","Choose the form or interpretation that best fits the narrative context and its intended effect.","줄거리 요약의 현재 시제와 시제 전환","영화는 눈 덮인 산장에서 시작한다, 형사는 단서를 발견하고 범인을 찾아낸다처럼 영화 줄거리를 문어 현재로 일관되게 요약하는 형태를 골라요. 시제를 바꾸는 효과와 그에 맞는 해석도 함께 판단하며, 과거형이 섞일 때 흐름이 흔들리는 지점을 찾아 바로잡아요.",1,"word_select",[13,39,75,96,117,139,161,183,205,227,249,271,293,315,337],{"id":14,"sentenceTemplate":15,"displayOrder":16,"explanation":17,"exampleSentence":18,"blanks":19},"01a07864-1593-70ca-9d50-1cc996ba99ff","Complete the opening of a film synopsis: 「영화는 눈 덮인 산장에서 __1__.」",0,"Plot summaries conventionally present story events in the present, so 시작한다 fits the introduction.","소설은 주인공의 졸업식 날에 시작한다.",[20],{"id":21,"blankNumber":10,"options":22},"01a07864-1593-7032-9d50-1cc99664499a",[23,27,31,35],{"id":24,"optionText":25,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":16},"01a07864-1592-7eae-bdbe-16e90e16c6bd","시작한다",true,{"id":28,"optionText":29,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":10},"01a07864-1592-7f06-bdbe-16e90f107b81","시작했다",false,{"id":32,"optionText":33,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":34},"01a07864-1592-7f4e-bdbe-16e90fc3011e","시작하고 있었다",2,{"id":36,"optionText":37,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":38},"01a07864-1592-7f92-bdbe-16e9107d8307","시작하곤 한다",3,{"id":40,"sentenceTemplate":41,"displayOrder":10,"explanation":42,"exampleSentence":43,"blanks":44},"01a07864-1593-747e-9d50-1cc99d525cec","Keep the whole plot summary in the written present: 「형사는 단서를 __1__ 마침내 범인을 __2__.」","Both events belong to the same present-tense plot summary, so 발견하고 leads to the closing verb 찾아낸다.","주인공은 지도를 펼치고 숨겨진 길을 확인한다.",[45,60],{"id":46,"blankNumber":10,"options":47},"01a07864-1593-726e-9d50-1cc999f83b25",[48,51,54,57],{"id":49,"optionText":50,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":16},"01a07864-1593-7166-9d50-1cc9972fee3b","발견했고",{"id":52,"optionText":53,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":10},"01a07864-1593-71aa-9d50-1cc997dd140c","발견하고",{"id":55,"optionText":56,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":34},"01a07864-1593-71ee-9d50-1cc998c03960","발견하고 있었고",{"id":58,"optionText":59,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":38},"01a07864-1593-722e-9d50-1cc9996a595c","발견하곤 하고",{"id":61,"blankNumber":34,"options":62},"01a07864-1593-7402-9d50-1cc99c6ab271",[63,66,69,72],{"id":64,"optionText":65,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":16},"01a07864-1593-72ea-9d50-1cc99ae235c0","찾아냈다",{"id":67,"optionText":68,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":10},"01a07864-1593-732e-9d50-1cc99b3e8d30","찾아낼 것이다",{"id":70,"optionText":71,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":34},"01a07864-1593-7382-9d50-1cc99baa72f8","찾아낸다",{"id":73,"optionText":74,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":38},"01a07864-1593-73c2-9d50-1cc99c2e4e98","찾아내곤 한다",{"id":76,"sentenceTemplate":77,"displayOrder":34,"explanation":78,"exampleSentence":79,"blanks":80},"01a07864-1593-76ea-9d50-1cc9a0ca98fe","The previous sentence says that Sujin checks the address in the photograph. Continue the synopsis: 「수진은 주소를 확인한 뒤 그곳으로 __1__.」","The next event continues the established plot-summary viewpoint, so 떠난다 keeps the sequence direct and consistent.","민호는 전화를 끊고 급히 사무실을 나선다.",[81],{"id":82,"blankNumber":10,"options":83},"01a07864-1593-766e-9d50-1cc9a06c1e90",[84,87,90,93],{"id":85,"optionText":86,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":16},"01a07864-1593-7566-9d50-1cc99e0e61b2","떠났다",{"id":88,"optionText":89,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":10},"01a07864-1593-75aa-9d50-1cc99e36f5d1","떠난다",{"id":91,"optionText":92,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":34},"01a07864-1593-75ee-9d50-1cc99ef0c24c","떠나고 있었다",{"id":94,"optionText":95,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":38},"01a07864-1593-762e-9d50-1cc99fe9b9a7","떠나곤 한다",{"id":97,"sentenceTemplate":98,"displayOrder":38,"explanation":99,"exampleSentence":100,"blanks":101},"01a07864-1593-7902-9d50-1cc9a456852f","Bring the decisive moment closer by shifting from the past background into the vivid present: 「그날 병실은 조용했다. 바로 그때 창문이 열리고 흰 새가 안으로 __1__.」","The prompt explicitly calls for a vivid present shift after the past background, so 날아든다 foregrounds the decisive arrival.","운동장은 텅 비어 있었다. 그 순간 공 하나가 담장 너머로 굴러온다.",[102],{"id":103,"blankNumber":10,"options":104},"01a07864-1593-7886-9d50-1cc9a3778a0a",[105,108,111,114],{"id":106,"optionText":107,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":16},"01a07864-1593-777e-9d50-1cc9a1946667","날아들었다",{"id":109,"optionText":110,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":10},"01a07864-1593-77c2-9d50-1cc9a26ad3d9","날아든다",{"id":112,"optionText":113,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":34},"01a07864-1593-7806-9d50-1cc9a28e3c4a","날아들고 있었다",{"id":115,"optionText":116,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":38},"01a07864-1593-7846-9d50-1cc9a32cc841","날아들 것이다",{"id":118,"sentenceTemplate":119,"displayOrder":120,"explanation":121,"exampleSentence":122,"blanks":123},"01a07864-1593-7b2a-9d50-1cc9a7f32cbc","Choose the transition that selects one decisive day after many fruitless daily visits: 「친구가 떠난 뒤에도 여러 날 동안 매일 역에 나갔지만 아무 소식이 없었다. __1__, 토요일 이른 아침 늘 비어 있던 출구 앞에 그 친구가 서 있다.」",4,"그러던 어느 날 selects one particular day out of the repeated, fruitless daily visits and opens the decisive event on that day.","그 후로 매일 같은 길을 걸었다. 그러던 어느 날, 낯선 편지가 도착한다.",[124],{"id":125,"blankNumber":10,"options":126},"01a07864-1593-7a9e-9d50-1cc9a71ed638",[127,130,133,136],{"id":128,"optionText":129,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":16},"01a07864-1593-7996-9d50-1cc9a50abe2d","그 후로",{"id":131,"optionText":132,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":10},"01a07864-1593-79da-9d50-1cc9a5992267","바로 그때",{"id":134,"optionText":135,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":34},"01a07864-1593-7a1a-9d50-1cc9a5ea398d","그러던 어느 날",{"id":137,"optionText":138,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":38},"01a07864-1593-7a5e-9d50-1cc9a664eb88","그런데 갑자기",{"id":140,"sentenceTemplate":141,"displayOrder":142,"explanation":143,"exampleSentence":144,"blanks":145},"01a07864-1593-7d3e-9d50-1cc9ab903ea3","Continue this plot summary in the simple written present: 「청년이 작업실 문을 연다. 안으로 들어가 나무로 작은 인형을 __1__.」",5,"The second event continues the written-present synopsis. 만들다 is ㄹ-final, so ㄹ drops before -ㄴ다: 만든다.","주인공은 나뭇가지로 작은 배를 만든다.",[146],{"id":147,"blankNumber":10,"options":148},"01a07864-1593-7cc2-9d50-1cc9aa97518e",[149,152,155,158],{"id":150,"optionText":151,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":16},"01a07864-1593-7bbe-9d50-1cc9a893904f","만들었다",{"id":153,"optionText":154,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":10},"01a07864-1593-7c02-9d50-1cc9a8bbf003","만들는다",{"id":156,"optionText":157,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":34},"01a07864-1593-7c42-9d50-1cc9a8d21765","만든다",{"id":159,"optionText":160,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":38},"01a07864-1593-7c86-9d50-1cc9a9bd6810","만들 것이다",{"id":162,"sentenceTemplate":163,"displayOrder":164,"explanation":165,"exampleSentence":166,"blanks":167},"01a07864-1593-7f52-9d50-1cc9b013bc27","Continue the synopsis with an adjective that describes the island's present background: 「노인은 1990년 봄 외딴 섬으로 들어간다. 그 주변의 바다는 바람도 없이 __1__.」",6,"상태를 묘사하는 형용사는 서사 현재에서도 -ㄴ다\u002F-는다를 붙이지 않고 고요하다로 쓴다.","폭풍이 지나간 후의 항구는 조용하다.",[168],{"id":169,"blankNumber":10,"options":170},"01a07864-1593-7ed6-9d50-1cc9af4a75f9",[171,174,177,180],{"id":172,"optionText":173,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":16},"01a07864-1593-7dce-9d50-1cc9ac1af420","고요했다",{"id":175,"optionText":176,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":10},"01a07864-1593-7e12-9d50-1cc9ace9f0f2","고요한다",{"id":178,"optionText":179,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":34},"01a07864-1593-7e56-9d50-1cc9ad859195","고요하다",{"id":181,"optionText":182,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":38},"01a07864-1593-7e96-9d50-1cc9ae6bf029","고요할 것이다",{"id":184,"sentenceTemplate":185,"displayOrder":186,"explanation":187,"exampleSentence":188,"blanks":189},"01a07864-1594-71cd-9128-edcbbb7f74dc","Complete the noun predicate in this present-tense reveal: 「형사는 잠긴 문을 열고 안쪽 방의 낯선 인물과 마주친다. 그 인물은 오래전 실종된 __1__.」",7,"받침 없는 명사 기자 뒤의 이다는 현재 한다체에서 기자다로 줄여 쓸 수 있다.","사진 속 인물은 마을의 의사다.",[190],{"id":191,"blankNumber":10,"options":192},"01a07864-1594-7155-9128-edcbbb7b4a83",[193,196,199,202],{"id":194,"optionText":195,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":16},"01a07864-1594-7045-9128-edcbb8ca34cc","기자인다",{"id":197,"optionText":198,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":10},"01a07864-1594-708d-9128-edcbb955edfc","기자였다",{"id":200,"optionText":201,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":34},"01a07864-1594-70d1-9128-edcbba4962ef","기자다",{"id":203,"optionText":204,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":38},"01a07864-1594-7111-9128-edcbbb33ff4b","기자일 것이다",{"id":206,"sentenceTemplate":207,"displayOrder":208,"explanation":209,"exampleSentence":210,"blanks":211},"01a07864-1594-73f1-9128-edcbbddb784b","Keep this diary entry in its established retrospective past: 「공연장은 숨소리도 들리지 않을 만큼 조용했다. 바로 그 순간 객석 뒤쪽 문이 __1__.」",8,"회고로 쓴 일기에서 시제 전환을 예고하는 단서가 없으므로, 배경의 과거형과 일관되게 열렸다를 쓴다.","방 안은 조용했고, 그때 창문이 열렸다.",[212],{"id":213,"blankNumber":10,"options":214},"01a07864-1594-7375-9128-edcbbd7e2c79",[215,218,221,224],{"id":216,"optionText":217,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":16},"01a07864-1594-7261-9128-edcbbc75424f","열린다",{"id":219,"optionText":220,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":10},"01a07864-1594-72a1-9128-edcbbd6c6c18","열렸다",{"id":222,"optionText":223,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":34},"01a07864-1594-72e5-9128-edcbbd700c2a","열리고 있었다",{"id":225,"optionText":226,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":38},"01a07864-1594-7335-9128-edcbbd73c357","열릴 것이다",{"id":228,"sentenceTemplate":229,"displayOrder":230,"explanation":231,"exampleSentence":232,"blanks":233},"01a07864-1594-7625-9128-edcbc23f6391","Maintain the completed chronology of this factual accident report: 「사고는 오전 9시에 발생했다. 구조대는 10분 뒤 현장에 __1__.」",9,"The report has established a completed chronology, so 도착했다 maintains that viewpoint and the exact sequence.","회의는 아홉 시에 시작했고 열한 시에 끝났다.",[234],{"id":235,"blankNumber":10,"options":236},"01a07864-1594-75a5-9128-edcbc1522212",[237,240,243,246],{"id":238,"optionText":239,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":16},"01a07864-1594-7485-9128-edcbbe95c842","도착했다",{"id":241,"optionText":242,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":10},"01a07864-1594-74dd-9128-edcbbf7ffa07","도착한다",{"id":244,"optionText":245,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":34},"01a07864-1594-7525-9128-edcbc061d123","도착하고 있었다",{"id":247,"optionText":248,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":38},"01a07864-1594-7569-9128-edcbc07f880d","도착할 것이다",{"id":250,"sentenceTemplate":251,"displayOrder":252,"explanation":253,"exampleSentence":254,"blanks":255},"01a07864-1594-7839-9128-edcbc4808cc7","Continue this lively spoken retelling in 해요체: 「어제 시장에 가요. 과일을 고르고 있는데 갑자기 모르는 사람이 저에게 __1__.」",10,"가요 and 고르고 있는데 establish a vivid spoken-present retelling, so 다가와요 maintains that live 해요체 viewpoint; 다가왔어요 would leave it.","지난주에 버스를 기다리는데 옆 사람이 말을 걸어요.",[256],{"id":257,"blankNumber":10,"options":258},"01a07864-1594-77c1-9128-edcbc3b60353",[259,262,265,268],{"id":260,"optionText":261,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":16},"01a07864-1594-76b9-9128-edcbc256a2fd","다가올 뻔했어요",{"id":263,"optionText":264,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":10},"01a07864-1594-76fd-9128-edcbc2dd3e27","다가와요",{"id":266,"optionText":267,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":34},"01a07864-1594-773d-9128-edcbc2f36493","다가오고 있었어요",{"id":269,"optionText":270,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":38},"01a07864-1594-7781-9128-edcbc3a43b77","다가올 거예요",{"id":272,"sentenceTemplate":273,"displayOrder":274,"explanation":275,"exampleSentence":276,"blanks":277},"01a07864-1594-7a4d-9128-edcbc61c768d","A technician reports the state visible at this very moment, not a past scene made vivid: 「지금 무대 조명이 모두 __1__.」",11,"지금 and the visible continuing state require 꺼져 있다, an actual-present result state. 꺼진다 would describe a new event rather than the state now observed.","지금 복도 조명이 모두 켜져 있다.",[278],{"id":279,"blankNumber":10,"options":280},"01a07864-1594-79d1-9128-edcbc60ffe50",[281,284,287,290],{"id":282,"optionText":283,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":16},"01a07864-1594-78cd-9128-edcbc48fbd9d","꺼지곤 한다",{"id":285,"optionText":286,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":10},"01a07864-1594-790d-9128-edcbc4d51d3f","꺼진다",{"id":288,"optionText":289,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":34},"01a07864-1594-7951-9128-edcbc52746c5","꺼져 있다",{"id":291,"optionText":292,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":38},"01a07864-1594-7991-9128-edcbc5667d9d","꺼질 것이다",{"id":294,"sentenceTemplate":295,"displayOrder":296,"explanation":297,"exampleSentence":298,"blanks":299},"01a07864-1594-7c6d-9128-edcbc9abcd91","The stage manager is calling them right now while the action is visibly in progress: 「무대 감독이 부르는 바로 지금, 배우들은 대기실에서 옷을 한창 __1__.」",12,"바로 지금과 한창이 진행 중인 행동을 명시하므로 갈아입고 있다가 유일하게 맞다.","무대 뒤에서 직원들이 장비를 옮기고 있다.",[300],{"id":301,"blankNumber":10,"options":302},"01a07864-1594-7bf1-9128-edcbc915000d",[303,306,309,312],{"id":304,"optionText":305,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":16},"01a07864-1594-7aed-9128-edcbc657883d","갈아입고 있다",{"id":307,"optionText":308,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":10},"01a07864-1594-7b31-9128-edcbc6d090c9","갈아입고 있었다",{"id":310,"optionText":311,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":34},"01a07864-1594-7b71-9128-edcbc7c1554e","갈아입는다",{"id":313,"optionText":314,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":38},"01a07864-1594-7bb1-9128-edcbc8515c00","갈아입고 있을 것이다",{"id":316,"sentenceTemplate":317,"displayOrder":318,"explanation":319,"exampleSentence":320,"blanks":321},"01a07864-1594-7e81-9128-edcbcd1b203c","Keep the completed event inside the quotation while writing the outer narration in the narrative-present 한다체: 「배우가 “신발을 잃어버렸어요.”라고 __1__.」",13,"The quotation retains the actor’s completed event, while 말한다 gives the outer narration the required written present viewpoint.","직원이 “열쇠를 찾았어요.”라고 대답한다.",[322],{"id":323,"blankNumber":10,"options":324},"01a07864-1594-7e05-9128-edcbcc20bf59",[325,328,331,334],{"id":326,"optionText":327,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":16},"01a07864-1594-7cfd-9128-edcbca237cd1","말했다",{"id":329,"optionText":330,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":10},"01a07864-1594-7d41-9128-edcbcb1470e0","말한다",{"id":332,"optionText":333,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":34},"01a07864-1594-7d85-9128-edcbcb51e2e9","말하고 있었다",{"id":335,"optionText":336,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":38},"01a07864-1594-7dc5-9128-edcbcb58758b","말하곤 한다",{"id":338,"sentenceTemplate":339,"displayOrder":340,"explanation":341,"exampleSentence":342,"blanks":343},"01a07864-1595-70fa-9309-088c4db58b21","Continue this narrative-present warehouse scene with the ordinary existential form: 「그날 밤 창고 문은 열려 있다. 그러나 안에는 아무도 __1__.」",14,"Existential 없다 remains uninflected in the narrative present; 없는다 is not the ordinary present form.","방 안에는 불빛도 인기척도 없다.",[344],{"id":345,"blankNumber":10,"options":346},"01a07864-1595-707e-9309-088c4d769bbf",[347,350,353,356],{"id":348,"optionText":349,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":16},"01a07864-1594-7f11-9128-edcbcd9ec3a8","없었다",{"id":351,"optionText":352,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":10},"01a07864-1594-7f55-9128-edcbcdca1575","없는다",{"id":354,"optionText":355,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":34},"01a07864-1594-7f99-9128-edcbce9bcf60","없다",{"id":357,"optionText":358,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":38},"01a07864-1595-703a-9309-088c4cdfb70f","없을 것이다","\u002Fuploads\u002Fimages\u002Fgpimg_f09b32b8-b10b-4c76-9896-2a3faae1b559_hero.webp?v=1788726220",{"title":361,"slug":362,"language":363,"level":364},"서사의 현재 시제","seosa-ui-hyeonjae-sije","ko","B1"]