[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"grammar-exercise-01a0e1ab-d749-7706-a91b-b69f6fdfed11":3,"grammar-exercise-lesson-01a0e1ab-d56c-78aa-b897-1469dd6a3315":314},{"id":4,"grammarPage":5,"title":6,"instructions":7,"seoTitle":8,"seoDescription":9,"displayOrder":10,"type":11,"questions":12,"ogImageUrl":313},"01a0e1ab-d749-7706-a91b-b69f6fdfed11","\u002Fapi\u002Fgrammar_pages\u002F01a0e1ab-d56c-78aa-b897-1469dd6a3315","Cleft Sentences: It-Clefts, Wh-Clefts and All-Clefts — Forms in Context","Choose the option that completes each sentence in context.","Cleft Sentences: Focus and Forms in Context","Practise it-clefts, wh-clefts and all-clefts in gap-fill sentences about work decisions, correcting assumptions, explaining needs and limiting actions.",0,"word_select",[13,35,53,70,101,118,136,155,173,192,211,230,249,268,287],{"id":14,"sentenceTemplate":15,"displayOrder":10,"explanation":16,"exampleSentence":17,"blanks":18},"01a0e1ab-d749-7afe-a91b-b69f725b0625","The director approved the proposal, but did not write it. Correcting the claim that she wrote it: It was __1__ who wrote the proposal, not the director.","The correction concerns the writer, so the focus must identify a person. The subject linker who also requires a person here. That would be an accepted linker too.","It was our guide that noticed the missing bag.",[19],{"id":20,"blankNumber":21,"options":22},"01a0e1ab-d749-7a62-a91b-b69f716159ec",1,[23,27,31],{"id":24,"optionText":25,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":10},"01a0e1ab-d749-7966-a91b-b69f7018aa53","the proposal",false,{"id":28,"optionText":29,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":21},"01a0e1ab-d749-79d6-a91b-b69f7110e40c","her assistant",true,{"id":32,"optionText":33,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":34},"01a0e1ab-d749-7a1a-a91b-b69f7135fa3d","on Monday",2,{"id":36,"sentenceTemplate":37,"displayOrder":21,"explanation":38,"exampleSentence":39,"blanks":40},"01a0e1ab-d749-7cd6-a91b-b69f745d6fa3","They did meet, but not at headquarters. It was at the warehouse __1__ they met.","The focus is the complete place expression at the warehouse. This it-cleft uses that; where cannot replace that after this focused prepositional phrase.","It was in the garden that we found the keys.",[41],{"id":42,"blankNumber":21,"options":43},"01a0e1ab-d749-7c46-a91b-b69f74116d13",[44,47,50],{"id":45,"optionText":46,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":10},"01a0e1ab-d749-7b8e-a91b-b69f733241e5","where",{"id":48,"optionText":49,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":21},"01a0e1ab-d749-7bce-a91b-b69f736c7e87","who",{"id":51,"optionText":52,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":34},"01a0e1ab-d749-7c0a-a91b-b69f73e01977","that",{"id":54,"sentenceTemplate":55,"displayOrder":34,"explanation":56,"exampleSentence":57,"blanks":58},"01a0e1ab-d749-7eba-a91b-b69f76b9621f","The closure was not caused by low demand. It was because the equipment was unsafe __1__ the factory closed.","Because the equipment was unsafe is the focused reason. That introduces the remaining clause; a second because would not complete the it-cleft.","It was because her train was delayed that she missed dinner.",[59],{"id":60,"blankNumber":21,"options":61},"01a0e1ab-d749-7e42-a91b-b69f76a9dad0",[62,64,67],{"id":63,"optionText":52,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":10},"01a0e1ab-d749-7d6a-a91b-b69f74ccfc86",{"id":65,"optionText":66,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":21},"01a0e1ab-d749-7dc2-a91b-b69f754c5e8d","because",{"id":68,"optionText":69,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":34},"01a0e1ab-d749-7e06-a91b-b69f760fbd0e","what",{"id":71,"sentenceTemplate":72,"displayOrder":73,"explanation":74,"exampleSentence":75,"blanks":76},"01a0e1ab-d74a-71e2-a4b7-6e695f060df8","The summary is accurate; the figures are the problem. It __1__ these figures that __2__ revision.",3,"Cleft it takes singular is even before plural these figures. Inside the following clause, the plural subject represented by that requires need, not needs.","It was the broken windows that were letting the rain in.",[77,89],{"id":78,"blankNumber":21,"options":79},"01a0e1ab-d74a-706a-a4b7-6e695c6d613a",[80,83,86],{"id":81,"optionText":82,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":10},"01a0e1ab-d749-7f3e-a91b-b69f7787e3d7","are",{"id":84,"optionText":85,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":21},"01a0e1ab-d749-7f86-a91b-b69f7849c092","is",{"id":87,"optionText":88,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":34},"01a0e1ab-d74a-7022-a4b7-6e695bba29aa","be",{"id":90,"blankNumber":34,"options":91},"01a0e1ab-d74a-717e-a4b7-6e695ed5d6e1",[92,95,98],{"id":93,"optionText":94,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":10},"01a0e1ab-d74a-70ce-a4b7-6e695cc562d2","needs",{"id":96,"optionText":97,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":21},"01a0e1ab-d74a-710a-a4b7-6e695d6475d2","needing",{"id":99,"optionText":100,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":34},"01a0e1ab-d74a-7146-a4b7-6e695e3702fb","need",{"id":102,"sentenceTemplate":103,"displayOrder":104,"explanation":105,"exampleSentence":106,"blanks":107},"01a0e1ab-d74a-73ca-a4b7-6e69613fd638","The arrangements are now confirmed. It __1__ Rosa who will lead tomorrow’s inspection.",4,"The present identification takes finite singular is. The later event uses will lead: the two clauses do not need matching tenses. Being is not a finite verb, and are does not agree with it.","It is my brother who will collect us next week.",[108],{"id":109,"blankNumber":21,"options":110},"01a0e1ab-d74a-733e-a4b7-6e6960d69a28",[111,114,116],{"id":112,"optionText":113,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":10},"01a0e1ab-d74a-728a-a4b7-6e695fdebac5","being",{"id":115,"optionText":82,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":21},"01a0e1ab-d74a-72ca-a4b7-6e695fe03351",{"id":117,"optionText":85,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":34},"01a0e1ab-d74a-7306-a4b7-6e6960d3b31b",{"id":119,"sentenceTemplate":120,"displayOrder":121,"explanation":122,"exampleSentence":123,"blanks":124},"01a0e1ab-d74a-7576-a4b7-6e6962df3fe8","Use a clear, neutral written subject cleft: It was the technician __1__ discovered the fault.",5,"Who represents the subject of discovered and is retained in this neutral written pattern. Whom is an object form; whose requires a possessive construction. That would also be acceptable, but is not offered.","It was a visitor that first reported the smoke.",[125],{"id":126,"blankNumber":21,"options":127},"01a0e1ab-d74a-750e-a4b7-6e696262a726",[128,130,133],{"id":129,"optionText":49,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":10},"01a0e1ab-d74a-744e-a4b7-6e69621a52f9",{"id":131,"optionText":132,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":21},"01a0e1ab-d74a-748a-a4b7-6e696227d10c","whom",{"id":134,"optionText":135,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":34},"01a0e1ab-d74a-74d6-a4b7-6e69623afea2","whose",{"id":137,"sentenceTemplate":138,"displayOrder":139,"explanation":140,"exampleSentence":141,"blanks":142},"01a0e1ab-d74a-76fa-a4b7-6e69651a379b","Only one section needed changing. It was the introduction __1__ before submitting the report.",6,"The introduction supplies the object of revised, so the remaining clause must leave that object position empty. An object linker may be omitted; neither version with repeated it is acceptable.","It was the blue jacket she bought for the interview.",[143],{"id":144,"blankNumber":21,"options":145},"01a0e1ab-d74a-76a2-a4b7-6e6964f10526",[146,149,152],{"id":147,"optionText":148,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":10},"01a0e1ab-d74a-75ee-a4b7-6e6963095ba4","that I revised it",{"id":150,"optionText":151,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":21},"01a0e1ab-d74a-762e-a4b7-6e696314eb98","I revised",{"id":153,"optionText":154,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":34},"01a0e1ab-d74a-766a-a4b7-6e696412f908","I revised it",{"id":156,"sentenceTemplate":157,"displayOrder":158,"explanation":159,"exampleSentence":160,"blanks":161},"01a0e1ab-d74a-7862-a4b7-6e6966a7a3e3","We have agreed on the venue but not the price. What we need __1__ a written estimate.",7,"The what-clause establishes the need, and is links it directly to a written estimate. Do not insert that either before is or before this focused noun phrase.","What the children wanted was a quiet place to read.",[162],{"id":163,"blankNumber":21,"options":164},"01a0e1ab-d74a-7806-a4b7-6e69665ec095",[165,168,171],{"id":166,"optionText":167,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":10},"01a0e1ab-d74a-776e-a4b7-6e69658e1ded","that is",{"id":169,"optionText":170,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":21},"01a0e1ab-d74a-77a2-a4b7-6e6965d598af","is that",{"id":172,"optionText":85,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":34},"01a0e1ab-d74a-77d6-a4b7-6e6965e053c0",{"id":174,"sentenceTemplate":175,"displayOrder":176,"explanation":177,"exampleSentence":178,"blanks":179},"01a0e1ab-d74a-79c2-a4b7-6e696951c538","Asked how I dealt with the duplicate charge, I explained: What I did was __1__ the supplier directly.",8,"After the do-based what-clause, the focused action can use to contact or contact. Contacted is not the required infinitive, and to contacting is not an infinitive form.","What we did was leave a note beside the door.",[180],{"id":181,"blankNumber":21,"options":182},"01a0e1ab-d74a-796e-a4b7-6e6969192226",[183,186,189],{"id":184,"optionText":185,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":10},"01a0e1ab-d74a-78d6-a4b7-6e69676789cd","to contact",{"id":187,"optionText":188,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":21},"01a0e1ab-d74a-790a-a4b7-6e696835ce58","contacted",{"id":190,"optionText":191,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":34},"01a0e1ab-d74a-793e-a4b7-6e6968a24c3e","to contacting",{"id":193,"sentenceTemplate":194,"displayOrder":195,"explanation":196,"exampleSentence":197,"blanks":198},"01a0e1ab-d74a-7b96-a4b7-6e696b959c6c","I am not asking for a permanent change. What I want is __1__ from home on Friday.",9,"With want, the focused action retains to: to work. The bare-infinitive alternative allowed after do-based clefts does not extend to this want-cleft.","What he wants is to spend a month abroad.",[199],{"id":200,"blankNumber":21,"options":201},"01a0e1ab-d74a-7b36-a4b7-6e696b1549a9",[202,205,208],{"id":203,"optionText":204,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":10},"01a0e1ab-d74a-7a72-a4b7-6e6969837cfa","work",{"id":206,"optionText":207,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":21},"01a0e1ab-d74a-7aba-a4b7-6e696a4a47ec","to work",{"id":209,"optionText":210,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":34},"01a0e1ab-d74a-7af2-a4b7-6e696a86bb80","worked",{"id":212,"sentenceTemplate":213,"displayOrder":214,"explanation":215,"exampleSentence":216,"blanks":217},"01a0e1ab-d74a-7d02-a4b7-6e696e594918","She has not reached a decision yet. What she is doing at the moment is __1__ the two offers.",10,"Is doing presents an action in progress, naturally matched by comparing in the focus. Compared and compares do not supply the matching action form.","What the volunteers are doing is preparing lunch for the visitors.",[218],{"id":219,"blankNumber":21,"options":220},"01a0e1ab-d74a-7caa-a4b7-6e696dcea67c",[221,224,227],{"id":222,"optionText":223,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":10},"01a0e1ab-d74a-7c06-a4b7-6e696bb02815","compared",{"id":225,"optionText":226,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":21},"01a0e1ab-d74a-7c42-a4b7-6e696ca9dfa1","compares",{"id":228,"optionText":229,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":34},"01a0e1ab-d74a-7c76-a4b7-6e696d6d6899","comparing",{"id":231,"sentenceTemplate":232,"displayOrder":233,"explanation":234,"exampleSentence":235,"blanks":236},"01a0e1ab-d74a-7e6a-a4b7-6e6970aaa3c4","A colleague has just suggested independent advice. Pick up that suggestion by putting the answer before the issue: __1__.",11,"The instruction requires the answer first, followed by the issue it addresses. The reversed wh-cleft does this. The other sentences are grammatical but use different information orders and do not follow the requested pattern.","A longer break is what the team needs after that journey.",[237],{"id":238,"blankNumber":21,"options":239},"01a0e1ab-d74a-7e0e-a4b7-6e6970200022",[240,243,246],{"id":241,"optionText":242,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":10},"01a0e1ab-d74a-7d6a-a4b7-6e696e6cce79","What we need is independent advice",{"id":244,"optionText":245,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":21},"01a0e1ab-d74a-7da2-a4b7-6e696f25d7d7","Independent advice is exactly what we need",{"id":247,"optionText":248,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":34},"01a0e1ab-d74a-7dde-a4b7-6e696f4e03e4","It is independent advice that we need",{"id":250,"sentenceTemplate":251,"displayOrder":252,"explanation":253,"exampleSentence":254,"blanks":255},"01a0e1ab-d74b-7042-8160-98412fd0ba06","Use an all-cleft to present the request as the only remaining requirement: __1__ we need is your approval; nothing else remains to be done.",12,"All explicitly presents approval as the only relevant requirement. What would identify the requirement without itself adding that limitation and would not meet the instruction to use an all-cleft. It cannot introduce we need in this position. All that we need is also possible.","All that the guests wanted was a glass of water.",[256],{"id":257,"blankNumber":21,"options":258},"01a0e1ab-d74a-7f7e-a4b7-6e6973cdacc9",[259,262,265],{"id":260,"optionText":261,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":10},"01a0e1ab-d74a-7ede-a4b7-6e6971a5b322","All",{"id":263,"optionText":264,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":21},"01a0e1ab-d74a-7f12-a4b7-6e6971f6e508","What",{"id":266,"optionText":267,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":34},"01a0e1ab-d74a-7f4a-a4b7-6e6972f4c01a","It",{"id":269,"sentenceTemplate":270,"displayOrder":271,"explanation":272,"exampleSentence":273,"blanks":274},"01a0e1ab-d74b-71d2-8160-984132388b3b","He insists that he took no other action: All he did was __1__ the shared folder, although his colleague says this caused serious problems.",13,"A do-based all-cleft allows rename or to rename, not renamed or to renaming. All limits the action from his perspective; it does not establish that the consequences were harmless. All that he did is also possible.","All I did was to move the chair, but she found that unhelpful.",[275],{"id":276,"blankNumber":21,"options":277},"01a0e1ab-d74b-7172-8160-9841314d1d29",[278,281,284],{"id":279,"optionText":280,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":10},"01a0e1ab-d74b-70ce-8160-984130a3757b","renamed",{"id":282,"optionText":283,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":21},"01a0e1ab-d74b-710a-8160-984130dbe359","to renaming",{"id":285,"optionText":286,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":34},"01a0e1ab-d74b-713e-8160-98413137634b","rename",{"id":288,"sentenceTemplate":289,"displayOrder":290,"explanation":291,"exampleSentence":292,"blanks":293},"01a0e1ab-d74b-75aa-8160-984137150b04","Use the neutral written all-cleft pattern to limit the event described: All __1__ happened was __2__ the screen went blank for a second.",14,"Retain that in the neutral written pattern All that happened. The second that introduces the proposition identifying the event: the screen went blank. What and which cannot replace either linker in this construction.","All that happened was that a few books fell off the shelf.",[294,304],{"id":295,"blankNumber":21,"options":296},"01a0e1ab-d74b-7336-8160-9841341015fb",[297,299,301],{"id":298,"optionText":69,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":10},"01a0e1ab-d74b-725e-8160-98413295d755",{"id":300,"optionText":52,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":21},"01a0e1ab-d74b-729e-8160-984133294f17",{"id":302,"optionText":303,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":34},"01a0e1ab-d74b-72ee-8160-98413370620a","which",{"id":305,"blankNumber":34,"options":306},"01a0e1ab-d74b-7542-8160-9841361bbce5",[307,309,311],{"id":308,"optionText":52,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":10},"01a0e1ab-d74b-748a-8160-984134b8fbb7",{"id":310,"optionText":69,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":21},"01a0e1ab-d74b-74d2-8160-98413511c0b8",{"id":312,"optionText":303,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":34},"01a0e1ab-d74b-750e-8160-9841355828e9","\u002Fuploads\u002Fimages\u002Fgpimg_2e7bced4-c657-4324-8e60-d6094bbd35a0_hero.webp?v=1790492530",{"title":315,"slug":316,"language":317,"level":318},"Cleft Sentences: It-Clefts, Wh-Clefts and All-Clefts","cleft-sentences-it-clefts-wh-clefts-and-all-clefts","en","C1"]