[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"grammar-exercise-01a0e1ab-d894-75a7-b5bf-65d291813645":3,"grammar-exercise-lesson-01a0e1ab-d59c-7289-a960-fc9da7101a43":243},{"id":4,"grammarPage":5,"title":6,"instructions":7,"seoTitle":8,"seoDescription":9,"displayOrder":10,"type":11,"questions":12,"ogImageUrl":242},"01a0e1ab-d894-75a7-b5bf-65d291813645","\u002Fapi\u002Fgrammar_pages\u002F01a0e1ab-d59c-7289-a960-fc9da7101a43","Dislocation and Resumptive Pronouns in Spoken Discourse — Meaning in Context","Choose the analysis that fits each stated conversational context. Do not infer an attitude or a spoken delivery from punctuation alone.","Dislocation: Topic, Reference and Meaning","Practise the meaning of dislocation in gap-fill questions about family chats, shared topics, clarification, speaker attitudes and conversational register.",1,"word_select",[13,35,53,71,90,109,128,147,166,185,204,223],{"id":14,"sentenceTemplate":15,"displayOrder":16,"explanation":17,"exampleSentence":18,"blanks":19},"01a0e1ab-d894-791b-b5bf-65d293ddea16","After several minutes on another subject, a speaker says: That coastal walk we were planning, it might be too long for the children. The initial phrase primarily __1__.",0,"The walk was already under discussion, and the speaker returns to it by naming it before the comment. Nothing corrects a person, and the naming expression comes first, not after the assessment.","Those tickets we discussed earlier, I can collect them tomorrow.",[20],{"id":21,"blankNumber":10,"options":22},"01a0e1ab-d894-7897-b5bf-65d292f32992",[23,27,31],{"id":24,"optionText":25,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":16},"01a0e1ab-d894-77b3-b5bf-65d291d44356","corrects a previously misidentified person",false,{"id":28,"optionText":29,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":10},"01a0e1ab-d894-7817-b5bf-65d291fd01ce","reactivates a previously discussed topic",true,{"id":32,"optionText":33,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":34},"01a0e1ab-d894-7857-b5bf-65d292dee97f","identifies a referent after the assessment",2,{"id":36,"sentenceTemplate":37,"displayOrder":10,"explanation":38,"exampleSentence":39,"blanks":40},"01a0e1ab-d894-7aaf-b5bf-65d29718eb2d","A speaker says: The morning ferry is convenient. The evening sailing, I am less keen on it. Here left dislocation __1__.","The speaker moves from the morning ferry to the evening sailing and contrasts their assessments. Left dislocation can support contrast; its topic precedes the clause.","The small tent is fine. The larger one, we may need to repair it.",[41],{"id":42,"blankNumber":10,"options":43},"01a0e1ab-d894-7a4b-b5bf-65d29669747e",[44,47,50],{"id":45,"optionText":46,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":16},"01a0e1ab-d894-79ab-b5bf-65d2949c218c","appears to continue assessing the morning ferry",{"id":48,"optionText":49,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":10},"01a0e1ab-d894-79e7-b5bf-65d29560dd22","provides a naming tail after the comment",{"id":51,"optionText":52,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":34},"01a0e1ab-d894-7a1b-b5bf-65d2965856ef","shifts to a contrasting topic",{"id":54,"sentenceTemplate":55,"displayOrder":34,"explanation":56,"exampleSentence":57,"blanks":58},"01a0e1ab-d894-7c3b-b5bf-65d29a048391","Before describing what happened, a speaker says: The neighbour whose dog escaped during the storm, I managed to contact her. Naming the neighbour first helps the listener __1__.","The expanded noun phrase establishes the neighbour before the speaker reports contacting her. Her links back to that person; the initial phrase is not an after-clause correction.","The family who rented the cottage beside ours, we still exchange cards with them.",[59],{"id":60,"blankNumber":10,"options":61},"01a0e1ab-d894-7bc7-b5bf-65d299a53556",[62,65,68],{"id":63,"optionText":64,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":16},"01a0e1ab-d894-7b27-b5bf-65d297c06077","establish a complex referent before processing the comment",{"id":66,"optionText":67,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":10},"01a0e1ab-d894-7b5f-b5bf-65d29865d605","reinterpret her as referring to the storm",{"id":69,"optionText":70,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":34},"01a0e1ab-d894-7b93-b5bf-65d29906b43a","treat the opening phrase as a correction after the clause",{"id":72,"sentenceTemplate":73,"displayOrder":74,"explanation":75,"exampleSentence":76,"blanks":77},"01a0e1ab-d894-7d9b-b5bf-65d29ce2e712","Two friends are looking at a familiar bicycle. One says: It has lasted well, that old bike. The final phrase __1__.",3,"The bicycle is already accessible in the shared situation, and that old bike names the referent of it. A right-dislocated tail need not introduce a new entity or repair an error.","She never misses a rehearsal, our choir leader.",[78],{"id":79,"blankNumber":10,"options":80},"01a0e1ab-d894-7d43-b5bf-65d29bec7932",[81,84,87],{"id":82,"optionText":83,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":16},"01a0e1ab-d894-7ca7-b5bf-65d29a064bf2","seems to identify a second bicycle for comparison",{"id":85,"optionText":86,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":10},"01a0e1ab-d894-7cdf-b5bf-65d29aeee2b9","reinforces the identity of an accessible referent",{"id":88,"optionText":89,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":34},"01a0e1ab-d894-7d13-b5bf-65d29b7c5bbd","suggests that it referred to the wrong bicycle",{"id":91,"sentenceTemplate":92,"displayOrder":93,"explanation":94,"exampleSentence":95,"blanks":96},"01a0e1ab-d894-7ef7-b5bf-65d2a01ff628","In My cousins, their flat is above a bakery, the comment concerns __1__.",4,"Their explicitly links the flat to the cousins, while their flat is the subject of is. Possessive resumption allows the comment to concern something associated with the detached topic.","The woman next door, her garden attracts dozens of birds.",[97],{"id":98,"blankNumber":10,"options":99},"01a0e1ab-d894-7e9f-b5bf-65d29fdc0906",[100,103,106],{"id":101,"optionText":102,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":16},"01a0e1ab-d894-7e07-b5bf-65d29d803137","the cousins as the grammatical subject of is",{"id":104,"optionText":105,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":10},"01a0e1ab-d894-7e3b-b5bf-65d29e77c5e8","a flat with no explicit link to the cousins",{"id":107,"optionText":108,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":34},"01a0e1ab-d894-7e6f-b5bf-65d29f3347da","something associated with the topic through a possessive link",{"id":110,"sentenceTemplate":111,"displayOrder":112,"explanation":113,"exampleSentence":114,"blanks":115},"01a0e1ab-d895-70bc-b4a2-ed25406d2c84","With no information about tone or situation, consider He is quite a character, your uncle. The right-dislocated structure alone __1__.",5,"A right-dislocated evaluation can carry different attitudes depending on context and delivery. The construction does not by itself select affection or irritation.","“They keep us busy, those puppies.” This could be said fondly or with frustration.",[116],{"id":117,"blankNumber":10,"options":118},"01a0e1ab-d895-7060-b4a2-ed2540585f0c",[119,122,125],{"id":120,"optionText":121,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":16},"01a0e1ab-d894-7f5f-b5bf-65d2a0df789a","does not determine whether the attitude is affectionate or irritated",{"id":123,"optionText":124,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":10},"01a0e1ab-d894-7f97-b5bf-65d2a1d7ad41","provides evidence of irritation through the position of the naming phrase",{"id":126,"optionText":127,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":34},"01a0e1ab-d895-7024-b4a2-ed253f5a2fa8","suggests affection because the naming phrase follows the evaluation",{"id":129,"sentenceTemplate":130,"displayOrder":131,"explanation":132,"exampleSentence":133,"blanks":134},"01a0e1ab-d895-7224-b4a2-ed2543bccf99","A speaker deliberately gives an assessment first, then smoothly names the same familiar object: It is beautifully made, this little box. This __1__.",6,"The context explicitly describes a deliberate assessment followed by a smooth tail with the same referent. Right dislocation is not necessarily failed planning or a change of reference.","“I have always liked it, that painting.” The judgement precedes the naming of its familiar topic.",[135],{"id":136,"blankNumber":10,"options":137},"01a0e1ab-d895-71c8-b4a2-ed25434c2d77",[138,141,144],{"id":139,"optionText":140,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":16},"01a0e1ab-d895-7130-b4a2-ed25414b035a","suggests an unplanned search for a forgotten name",{"id":142,"optionText":143,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":10},"01a0e1ab-d895-7164-b4a2-ed25422c858c","can be planned right dislocation rather than a repair",{"id":145,"optionText":146,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":34},"01a0e1ab-d895-7198-b4a2-ed2542ddfc30","appears to redirect it towards a different object",{"id":148,"sentenceTemplate":149,"displayOrder":150,"explanation":151,"exampleSentence":152,"blanks":153},"01a0e1ab-d895-73d8-b4a2-ed2547776202","After noticing possible confusion, a speaker says: He has the spare key — I mean the caretaker, not the owner. The continuation is __1__.",7,"I mean and not the owner explicitly resolve which person he identifies. This goes beyond a smooth naming tail, and the clarification follows rather than precedes the clause.","They arrive tonight — I mean our guests from York, not the neighbours.",[154],{"id":155,"blankNumber":10,"options":156},"01a0e1ab-d895-7340-b4a2-ed254710a021",[157,160,163],{"id":158,"optionText":159,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":16},"01a0e1ab-d895-7294-b4a2-ed25446e8c89","an initial topic preceding its comment",{"id":161,"optionText":162,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":10},"01a0e1ab-d895-72dc-b4a2-ed254569f8d9","a tail with no explicit indication of clarification",{"id":164,"optionText":165,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":34},"01a0e1ab-d895-7310-b4a2-ed25461fea71","an explicit clarification of the intended referent",{"id":167,"sentenceTemplate":168,"displayOrder":169,"explanation":170,"exampleSentence":171,"blanks":172},"01a0e1ab-d895-7548-b4a2-ed2549cdb4d4","One traveller asks about a recent stay. The other replies: That guesthouse, the beds were uncomfortable. The relationship between the opening topic and the comment is __1__.",8,"The listener infers that the beds belong to the guesthouse. No pronoun in the comment refers to the guesthouse, unlike a possessive link such as its beds.","That campsite, the showers were freezing.",[173],{"id":174,"blankNumber":10,"options":175},"01a0e1ab-d895-74ec-b4a2-ed2549be2c7e",[176,179,182],{"id":177,"optionText":178,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":16},"01a0e1ab-d895-7450-b4a2-ed254822b1e3","inferred from the situation, without a resumptive pronoun",{"id":180,"optionText":181,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":10},"01a0e1ab-d895-7488-b4a2-ed2548267c98","expressed by a possessive pronoun before beds",{"id":183,"optionText":184,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":34},"01a0e1ab-d895-74b8-b4a2-ed25491b364f","formed by moving the object of were to the beginning",{"id":186,"sentenceTemplate":187,"displayOrder":188,"explanation":189,"exampleSentence":190,"blanks":191},"01a0e1ab-d895-76ac-b4a2-ed254cd1fc42","A transcript labels an opening noun phrase as left-dislocated but contains no recording or pause measurements. Which claim remains justified? __1__",9,"Dislocated expressions often form separate intonation units, but they need not be separated by an obvious silence. A continuing contour is possible, not something this transcript proves.","“That narrow lane, it leads to the beach.” This can be spoken without a conspicuous pause after lane.",[192],{"id":193,"blankNumber":10,"options":194},"01a0e1ab-d895-7654-b4a2-ed254be87083",[195,198,201],{"id":196,"optionText":197,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":16},"01a0e1ab-d895-75b8-b4a2-ed2549cffb23","The label provides evidence of a conspicuous silence after the topic.",{"id":199,"optionText":200,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":10},"01a0e1ab-d895-75f0-b4a2-ed254a7c44ef","A conspicuous silence is not required for dislocation.",{"id":202,"optionText":203,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":34},"01a0e1ab-d895-7620-b4a2-ed254af4c1e8","The label suggests that the topic had a falling rather than continuing contour.",{"id":205,"sentenceTemplate":206,"displayOrder":207,"explanation":208,"exampleSentence":209,"blanks":210},"01a0e1ab-d895-7808-b4a2-ed254e64d09e","Asked which soup she recommends, a diner replies: The mushroom soup, I would recommend; the onion soup, I would avoid. In both clauses the initial noun phrase is __1__.",10,"Recommend and avoid have no object pronoun after them. Their objects have been fronted for contrast; neither clause contains the resumption characteristic of left dislocation.","The blue jacket, I would buy; the red one, I would leave.",[211],{"id":212,"blankNumber":10,"options":213},"01a0e1ab-d895-77b4-b4a2-ed254e15a44e",[214,217,220],{"id":215,"optionText":216,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":16},"01a0e1ab-d895-771c-b4a2-ed254cd223bb","a left-dislocated topic resumed by the subject I",{"id":218,"optionText":219,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":10},"01a0e1ab-d895-7750-b4a2-ed254ce3cc37","a loosely linked topic with no grammatical role in the comment",{"id":221,"optionText":222,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":34},"01a0e1ab-d895-7780-b4a2-ed254d49b2d4","a fronted object with no corresponding resumptive pronoun",{"id":224,"sentenceTemplate":225,"displayOrder":226,"explanation":227,"exampleSentence":228,"blanks":229},"01a0e1ab-d895-7920-b4a2-ed255045f380","A spontaneous interview contains a relative clause with an extra object pronoun. An editor removes that pronoun for standard edited English. The appropriate conclusion is that __1__.",11,"Resumption inside relative clauses occurs in some varieties and spontaneous speech, especially with processing difficulty, but that does not make it the standard edited pattern. Its limits do not invalidate ordinary conversational dislocation. Neutral formal prose also generally favours integrated clauses, whereas transcripts can preserve conversational dislocation.","For an edited text, the parcel that we collected is standard, rather than the parcel that we collected it.",[230],{"id":231,"blankNumber":10,"options":232},"01a0e1ab-d895-78ec-b4a2-ed254f9d1568",[233,236,239],{"id":234,"optionText":235,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":16},"01a0e1ab-d895-7874-b4a2-ed254f0f02c7","relative-clause resumption has variable acceptability and is not equivalent to ordinary dislocation",{"id":237,"optionText":238,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":10},"01a0e1ab-d895-789c-b4a2-ed254f4b140e","the same edit is probably needed in left dislocation because its pronoun also repeats a referent",{"id":240,"optionText":241,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":34},"01a0e1ab-d895-78c8-b4a2-ed254f867b48","the extra object is generally an optional stylistic choice in standard edited relative clauses","\u002Fuploads\u002Fimages\u002Fgpimg_c536b41d-80e9-4b0c-b336-8d188a6b7dbf_hero.webp?v=1790492530",{"title":244,"slug":245,"language":246,"level":247},"Dislocation and Resumptive Pronouns in Spoken Discourse","dislocation-and-resumptive-pronouns-in-spoken-discourse","en","C2"]