[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"grammar-exercise-01a0e1ab-d96a-7d98-b129-c25224e387dc":3,"grammar-exercise-lesson-01a0e1ab-d5aa-756b-b06b-76ca59800cb2":225},{"id":4,"grammarPage":5,"title":6,"instructions":7,"seoTitle":8,"seoDescription":9,"displayOrder":10,"type":11,"questions":12,"ogImageUrl":224},"01a0e1ab-d96a-7d98-b129-c25224e387dc","\u002Fapi\u002Fgrammar_pages\u002F01a0e1ab-d5aa-756b-b06b-76ca59800cb2","Ellipsis with Auxiliaries and Infinitives — Find and Correct the Error","Find the incorrect word and choose its correction.","Ellipsis: find and correct auxiliary errors","Practise auxiliary and infinitive ellipsis by correcting errors in short contrasts, negative infinitives, auxiliary chains and retained be or have.",1,"find_and_fix",[13,36,55,74,95,117,134,152,174,190,208],{"id":14,"sentenceTemplate":15,"displayOrder":16,"explanation":17,"exampleSentence":18,"blanks":19,"payload":20},"01a0e1ab-d96a-7f2c-b129-c25225ab7630","Leah works remotely, and both her assistants are too.",0,"The omitted phrase is work remotely. A lexical verb in the present simple is represented by do or does, not be. The plural subject both her assistants requires do.","Leah works remotely, and both her assistants do too.",[],{"words":21,"correct":31,"wrongIndex":32,"corrections":33},[22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30],"Leah","works","remotely,","and","both","her","assistants","are","too.","do",7,[34,31,35],"does","doing",{"id":37,"sentenceTemplate":38,"displayOrder":10,"explanation":39,"exampleSentence":40,"blanks":41,"payload":42},"01a0e1ab-d96b-7003-a97d-ba22dac2e048","The original isn't available, and the copies don't either.","Available is a complement of main-verb be. Retain be rather than introducing do-support when this complement is omitted. The plural subject the copies requires aren’t.","The original isn't available, and the copies aren't either.",[],{"words":43,"correct":52,"wrongIndex":32,"corrections":53},[44,45,46,47,25,48,49,50,51],"The","original","isn't","available,","the","copies","don't","either.","aren't",[46,52,54],"wasn't",{"id":56,"sentenceTemplate":57,"displayOrder":58,"explanation":59,"exampleSentence":60,"blanks":61,"payload":62},"01a0e1ab-d96b-7067-a97d-ba22daf29037","The interns have been waiting, and so does their supervisor.",2,"The repeated present perfect progressive is represented by its finite auxiliary has, which stands for has been waiting. The singular subject their supervisor requires has; have has the wrong agreement and having is not finite.","The interns have been waiting, and so has their supervisor.",[],{"words":63,"correct":71,"wrongIndex":32,"corrections":72},[44,64,65,66,67,25,68,34,69,70],"interns","have","been","waiting,","so","their","supervisor.","has",[71,65,73],"having",{"id":75,"sentenceTemplate":76,"displayOrder":77,"explanation":78,"exampleSentence":79,"blanks":80,"payload":81},"01a0e1ab-d96b-70c3-a97d-ba22db252052","I wasn't ready for the interview, but Elena did.",3,"The final clause omits ready for the interview. Because ready follows copular be rather than a lexical action verb, retain be instead of using do-support. Elena takes the finite singular past form was.","I wasn't ready for the interview, but Elena was.",[],{"words":82,"correct":90,"wrongIndex":91,"corrections":92},[83,54,84,85,48,86,87,88,89],"I","ready","for","interview,","but","Elena","did.","was.",8,[90,93,94],"were.","being.",{"id":96,"sentenceTemplate":97,"displayOrder":98,"explanation":99,"exampleSentence":100,"blanks":101,"payload":102},"01a0e1ab-d96b-7117-a97d-ba22db594c86","Nina is not a director, but she hopes to been eventually.",4,"The elliptical infinitive retains copular be and omits a director. After infinitival to, use the base form be, not been, being or is.","Nina is not a director, but she hopes to be eventually.",[],{"words":103,"correct":113,"wrongIndex":114,"corrections":115},[104,105,106,107,108,87,109,110,111,66,112],"Nina","is","not","a","director,","she","hopes","to","eventually.","be",9,[113,116,105],"being",{"id":118,"sentenceTemplate":119,"displayOrder":120,"explanation":121,"exampleSentence":122,"blanks":123,"payload":124},"01a0e1ab-d96b-716f-a97d-ba22dc2d6c85","The invitation was to sing, but I decided no to.",5,"Negate the elliptical infinitive with not: decided not to means decided not to sing. The finite negative auxiliaries don’t and won’t cannot negate an infinitive in this position.","The invitation was to sing, but I decided not to.",[],{"words":125,"correct":106,"wrongIndex":91,"corrections":132},[44,126,127,111,128,87,83,129,130,131],"invitation","was","sing,","decided","no","to.",[106,50,133],"won't",{"id":135,"sentenceTemplate":136,"displayOrder":137,"explanation":138,"exampleSentence":139,"blanks":140,"payload":141},"01a0e1ab-d96b-71df-a97d-ba22dd010e64","I haven't finished; by Friday, I expect to having done so.",6,"The perfect infinitive requires base-form have after to. Done so stands for finished, and to have done so presents completion by Friday; had and has cannot follow infinitival to.","I haven't finished; by Friday, I expect to have done so.",[],{"words":142,"correct":65,"wrongIndex":91,"corrections":150},[83,143,144,145,146,83,147,111,73,148,149],"haven't","finished;","by","Friday,","expect","done","so.",[65,151,71],"had",{"id":153,"sentenceTemplate":154,"displayOrder":32,"explanation":155,"exampleSentence":156,"blanks":157,"payload":158},"01a0e1ab-d96b-7237-a97d-ba22dd876256","We didn't save the receipt, although we should did, of course.","Should have expresses an unfulfilled past obligation, with saved the receipt understood. After the modal should, the perfect auxiliary must be base-form have, not did, has or had.","We didn't save the receipt, although we should have, of course.",[],{"words":159,"correct":170,"wrongIndex":91,"corrections":171},[160,161,162,48,163,164,165,166,167,168,169],"We","didn't","save","receipt,","although","we","should","did,","of","course.","have,",[170,172,173],"has,","had,",{"id":175,"sentenceTemplate":176,"displayOrder":91,"explanation":177,"exampleSentence":178,"blanks":179,"payload":180},"01a0e1ab-d96b-728f-a97d-ba22de01970b","Marta has been rehearsing; her colleagues have also being.","The longer elliptical form retains have been and omits rehearsing. Perfect have requires the past participle been here; be cannot follow perfect have, and had cannot represent been rehearsing.","Marta has been rehearsing; her colleagues have also been.",[],{"words":181,"correct":186,"wrongIndex":91,"corrections":187},[182,71,66,183,27,184,65,185,94],"Marta","rehearsing;","colleagues","also","been.",[186,188,189],"be.","had.",{"id":191,"sentenceTemplate":192,"displayOrder":114,"explanation":193,"exampleSentence":194,"blanks":195,"payload":196},"01a0e1ab-d96b-72e3-a97d-ba22de6cc480","“Are you available tomorrow?” “Yes, I’m.”","An affirmative auxiliary cannot normally remain contracted at the end of an elliptical short answer. Expand I’m to I am, with available tomorrow understood. The other affirmative contractions cannot stand at the end either.","“Are you available tomorrow?” “Yes, I am.”",[],{"words":197,"correct":204,"wrongIndex":120,"corrections":205},[198,199,200,201,202,203],"“Are","you","available","tomorrow?”","“Yes,","I’m.”","I am.”",[204,206,207],"I’ve.”","I’d.”",{"id":209,"sentenceTemplate":210,"displayOrder":211,"explanation":212,"exampleSentence":213,"blanks":214,"payload":215},"01a0e1ab-d96b-733b-a97d-ba22df00b28b","Although the proposal was rejected, nobody had expected it to been.",10,"The omitted word is rejected. Retain passive be after infinitival to: expected it to be. To requires the base form be, not been, being or was.","Although the proposal was rejected, nobody had expected it to be.",[],{"words":216,"correct":188,"wrongIndex":211,"corrections":223},[217,48,218,127,219,220,151,221,222,111,186],"Although","proposal","rejected,","nobody","expected","it",[188,94,90],"\u002Fuploads\u002Fimages\u002Fgpimg_bd27a96a-6a3a-481b-8445-e6519ca57269_hero.webp?v=1790492531",{"title":226,"slug":227,"language":228,"level":229},"Ellipsis with Auxiliaries and Infinitives","ellipsis-with-auxiliaries-and-infinitives","en","C1"]