[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"grammar-exercise-01a0e1ab-da2a-7a5b-9549-77f43a9d7f6c":3,"grammar-exercise-lesson-01a0e1ab-d5bf-7022-8177-a107314b83fb":243},{"id":4,"grammarPage":5,"title":6,"instructions":7,"seoTitle":8,"seoDescription":9,"displayOrder":10,"type":11,"questions":12,"ogImageUrl":242},"01a0e1ab-da2a-7a5b-9549-77f43a9d7f6c","\u002Fapi\u002Fgrammar_pages\u002F01a0e1ab-d5bf-7022-8177-a107314b83fb","Free Relative Clauses: Reference and Ambiguity — Meaning in Context","Choose the interpretation or wording that matches the stated context. Do not force a single reading when the context leaves two available.","Free Relative Clauses: Reference or Question?","Practise interpreting free relative clauses with contextual choices about exhibitions, enquiries and workplace decisions, including ambiguous readings.",1,"word_select",[13,35,53,71,90,109,128,147,166,185,204,223],{"id":14,"sentenceTemplate":15,"displayOrder":16,"explanation":17,"exampleSentence":18,"blanks":19},"01a0e1ab-da2a-7e17-9549-77f43c40763c","The tailor altered what the customer had brought in. Here the wh-clause refers to __1__.",0,"Altered concerns physical items in this tailoring context. The things that the customer had brought in preserves the entity reference; an answer or question is not what the tailor altered.","The mechanic replaced what the collision had damaged.",[20],{"id":21,"blankNumber":10,"options":22},"01a0e1ab-da2a-7d8b-9549-77f43c1de2ef",[23,27,31],{"id":24,"optionText":25,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":16},"01a0e1ab-da2a-7c5f-9549-77f43b249e81","the answer to which items the customer brought in",false,{"id":28,"optionText":29,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":10},"01a0e1ab-da2a-7ccf-9549-77f43b68d11a","the items brought in for alteration",true,{"id":32,"optionText":33,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":34},"01a0e1ab-da2a-7d37-9549-77f43bc90888","an unanswered question about the customer",2,{"id":36,"sentenceTemplate":37,"displayOrder":10,"explanation":38,"exampleSentence":39,"blanks":40},"01a0e1ab-da2b-7037-be00-d43918b08a85","The investigator wondered what the visitor had concealed. The wh-clause expresses __1__.","Wondered introduces an issue for consideration: which item the visitor had concealed. It does not take the concealed entity as a physical object, and there is no no-matter-what meaning.","The librarian wondered who had borrowed the atlas.",[41],{"id":42,"blankNumber":10,"options":43},"01a0e1ab-da2a-7f73-9549-77f43e455484",[44,47,50],{"id":45,"optionText":46,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":16},"01a0e1ab-da2a-7eaf-9549-77f43cd39d2c","a conceded fact meaning no matter what was concealed",{"id":48,"optionText":49,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":10},"01a0e1ab-da2a-7ef3-9549-77f43d3cc7ce","an entity serving as the physical object of wondered",{"id":51,"optionText":52,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":34},"01a0e1ab-da2a-7f33-9549-77f43e394f1e","an embedded question about the concealed item",{"id":54,"sentenceTemplate":55,"displayOrder":34,"explanation":56,"exampleSentence":57,"blanks":58},"01a0e1ab-da2b-71ef-be00-d4391b5c8698","I know exactly what the parcel contains: two replacement lenses. Under this explicit answer-focused reading, the wh-clause is __1__.","Exactly and the stated contents frame knowledge of the answer. An embedded interrogative need not concern an unanswered question; knowing the answer does not turn it into a free relative.","She knows where the spare key is: in the kitchen drawer.",[59],{"id":60,"blankNumber":10,"options":61},"01a0e1ab-da2b-7187-be00-d4391aa37344",[62,65,68],{"id":63,"optionText":64,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":16},"01a0e1ab-da2b-70bb-be00-d43918daeefc","an embedded interrogative whose answer is known",{"id":66,"optionText":67,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":10},"01a0e1ab-da2b-70f7-be00-d43919bc2dec","necessarily a free relative because the answer is known",{"id":69,"optionText":70,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":34},"01a0e1ab-da2b-714f-be00-d43919d79e20","not interpretable until the contents become uncertain",{"id":72,"sentenceTemplate":73,"displayOrder":74,"explanation":75,"exampleSentence":76,"blanks":77},"01a0e1ab-da2b-73f7-be00-d4391f0dc267","Compare The walkers camped where the river bends with The walkers asked where the river bends. The two wh-clauses express, respectively, __1__.",3,"Camped locates the activity at the place where the river bends. Asked introduces a question about that location. The surrounding predicate distinguishes the readings, not where alone.","Put the chair where the carpet ends; do not ask me where it belongs.",[78],{"id":79,"blankNumber":10,"options":80},"01a0e1ab-da2b-731b-be00-d4391e2a0158",[81,84,87],{"id":82,"optionText":83,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":16},"01a0e1ab-da2b-726b-be00-d4391c44612a","two questions because both begin with where",{"id":85,"optionText":86,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":10},"01a0e1ab-da2b-72ab-be00-d4391d403463","a place reference and a question about location",{"id":88,"optionText":89,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":34},"01a0e1ab-da2b-72e3-be00-d4391dcff474","a question about location and a place reference",{"id":91,"sentenceTemplate":92,"displayOrder":93,"explanation":94,"exampleSentence":95,"blanks":96},"01a0e1ab-da2b-759b-be00-d4392089c7af","Nobody knows the culprit’s name, but whoever damaged the scanner must pay for its repair. The subject wh-clause __1__.",4,"The damage is an actual event, and the clause identifies its responsible participant. Unknown identity does not make the clause interrogative, and whoever does not offer a choice of payer here.","Whoever left this umbrella can collect it at reception.",[97],{"id":98,"blankNumber":10,"options":99},"01a0e1ab-da2b-751b-be00-d439203acefb",[100,103,106],{"id":101,"optionText":102,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":16},"01a0e1ab-da2b-7477-be00-d4391f63c838","is interrogative because the person has not been identified",{"id":104,"optionText":105,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":10},"01a0e1ab-da2b-74af-be00-d4391f7724d7","offers an unrestricted choice of who should pay",{"id":107,"optionText":108,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":34},"01a0e1ab-da2b-74e3-be00-d4391f892ac4","refers to the responsible person despite their unknown identity",{"id":110,"sentenceTemplate":111,"displayOrder":112,"explanation":113,"exampleSentence":114,"blanks":115},"01a0e1ab-da2b-773b-be00-d43922dcdfd9","This is a standing rule, not a report of a past incident: Whoever borrows the projector must return it by Friday. The intended reference is __1__.",5,"The standing-rule context and borrows make the condition apply to any qualifying borrower. This is not a reference to a particular past participant or an indirect question.","Anyone who uses the studio must lock it afterwards.",[116],{"id":117,"blankNumber":10,"options":118},"01a0e1ab-da2b-76cf-be00-d439227f6f42",[119,122,125],{"id":120,"optionText":121,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":16},"01a0e1ab-da2b-7617-be00-d4392107c0a7","any person who meets the borrowing condition",{"id":123,"optionText":124,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":10},"01a0e1ab-da2b-7657-be00-d43921585114","one actual past borrower whose identity is omitted",{"id":126,"optionText":127,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":34},"01a0e1ab-da2b-7697-be00-d43922511ba7","the answer to who borrowed the projector",{"id":129,"sentenceTemplate":130,"displayOrder":131,"explanation":132,"exampleSentence":133,"blanks":134},"01a0e1ab-da2b-7917-be00-d439241d9c8c","With no further context, What the curator selected delighted the sponsor can concern __1__.",6,"Delighted can relate to an entity and its qualities or to information about a choice. Without context, both readings remain available; neither the wh-word nor the presence of alternatives resolves them.","What the jury rewarded disappointed several critics.",[135],{"id":136,"blankNumber":10,"options":137},"01a0e1ab-da2b-789b-be00-d439234d94e8",[138,141,144],{"id":139,"optionText":140,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":16},"01a0e1ab-da2b-77b3-be00-d43922f4ebba","only the physical object, since what always refers to things",{"id":142,"optionText":143,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":10},"01a0e1ab-da2b-77eb-be00-d439233a9320","either the selected object or the fact of the selection",{"id":145,"optionText":146,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":34},"01a0e1ab-da2b-782b-be00-d439234d4986","only an unanswered question, since selected implies alternatives",{"id":148,"sentenceTemplate":149,"displayOrder":150,"explanation":151,"exampleSentence":152,"blanks":153},"01a0e1ab-da2b-7a83-be00-d43926cb6193","The purchase itself was expected; only the sculpture’s intricate surface astonished the director. To foreground the entity rather than the selection, write: __1__",7,"The stated cause is a quality of the sculpture, so an explicit noun phrase foregrounds the entity. The alternatives shift the surprise to the purchase or the identity of the chosen object, contrary to the context.","The fabric she selected impressed us with its durability.",[154],{"id":155,"blankNumber":10,"options":156},"01a0e1ab-da2b-7a2b-be00-d439267df7d3",[157,160,163],{"id":158,"optionText":159,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":16},"01a0e1ab-da2b-798b-be00-d43924dbcb3f","The fact that they bought that sculpture astonished the director.",{"id":161,"optionText":162,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":10},"01a0e1ab-da2b-79c3-be00-d43925150c1b","Which sculpture they bought was what astonished the director.",{"id":164,"optionText":165,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":34},"01a0e1ab-da2b-79fb-be00-d43925d950b2","The sculpture they bought astonished the director with its intricate surface.",{"id":167,"sentenceTemplate":168,"displayOrder":169,"explanation":170,"exampleSentence":171,"blanks":172},"01a0e1ab-da2b-7be3-be00-d43928e20f6a","The director knew every feature of the sculpture but had expected the team to buy a photograph. To foreground the unexpected choice, write: __1__",8,"The contrast with the expected photograph makes the selection surprising. The fact that explicitly identifies this informational reading; the alternatives wrongly attribute surprise to unfamiliar features.","The fact that the committee appointed an outsider pleased the staff.",[173],{"id":174,"blankNumber":10,"options":175},"01a0e1ab-da2b-7b8f-be00-d439289b2f15",[176,179,182],{"id":177,"optionText":178,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":16},"01a0e1ab-da2b-7af3-be00-d43926f0f732","The fact that the team chose a sculpture surprised the director.",{"id":180,"optionText":181,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":10},"01a0e1ab-da2b-7b2b-be00-d43927eba5dc","The sculpture surprised the director with its unfamiliar features.",{"id":183,"optionText":184,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":34},"01a0e1ab-da2b-7b5f-be00-d439287d7714","The director was surprised to discover what features the sculpture had.",{"id":186,"sentenceTemplate":187,"displayOrder":188,"explanation":189,"exampleSentence":190,"blanks":191},"01a0e1ab-da2b-7d3f-be00-d4392bd9ce95","An editor encounters I remember what the witness described with no supporting context. The most defensible analysis is that __1__.",9,"Remember can support entity-focused recall or recall of an answer. Both constructions use statement word order, so neither that order nor a rigid verb list settles the interpretation.","I remember what the guide pointed out could concern the landmark or which landmark was indicated.",[192],{"id":193,"blankNumber":10,"options":194},"01a0e1ab-da2b-7ceb-be00-d4392bd0e3aa",[195,198,201],{"id":196,"optionText":197,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":16},"01a0e1ab-da2b-7c53-be00-d43929bc5f69","remember invariably forces an embedded-question reading",{"id":199,"optionText":200,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":10},"01a0e1ab-da2b-7c87-be00-d4392ab85236","recall may concern the described entity or the answer to what was described",{"id":202,"optionText":203,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":34},"01a0e1ab-da2b-7cbb-be00-d4392b3cf865","statement word order proves that the clause is a free relative",{"id":205,"sentenceTemplate":206,"displayOrder":207,"explanation":208,"exampleSentence":209,"blanks":210},"01a0e1ab-da2b-7eab-be00-d4392ebe8f12","Compare We will exhibit whatever the residents donate with Whatever the residents donate, we will exhibit the original collection. The second whatever-clause __1__.",10,"In the second sentence, the original collection already identifies the exhibited objects. The initial clause expresses no matter what, unlike the first sentence’s referring clause naming the donations to be exhibited.","Whoever objects, the meeting will proceed.",[211],{"id":212,"blankNumber":10,"options":213},"01a0e1ab-da2b-7e43-be00-d4392dd2ba69",[214,217,220],{"id":215,"optionText":216,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":16},"01a0e1ab-da2b-7dab-be00-d4392bffd5d1","identifies the donations as the direct object of exhibit",{"id":218,"optionText":219,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":10},"01a0e1ab-da2b-7ddf-be00-d4392ce6e4d2","asks an indirect question about the donations",{"id":221,"optionText":222,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":34},"01a0e1ab-da2b-7e13-be00-d4392d4b1c8b","means no matter what they donate and does not identify the exhibited objects",{"id":224,"sentenceTemplate":225,"displayOrder":226,"explanation":227,"exampleSentence":228,"blanks":229},"01a0e1ab-da2c-7070-9275-8239bca5548f","A reviewer finds the answer to the question paraphrase awkward in a particular sentence. When distinguishing an entity reading from an interrogative reading, the reviewer should __1__.",11,"The paraphrases test interpretation rather than mechanical substitutability. Awkward wording alone is not decisive: check entity reference, answer-related meaning and the predicate in context, retaining ambiguity when both readings survive.","In What the council approved alarmed us, ask whether the proposal itself or the council’s decision caused alarm.",[230],{"id":231,"blankNumber":10,"options":232},"01a0e1ab-da2c-700c-9275-8239bbb60742",[233,236,239],{"id":234,"optionText":235,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":16},"01a0e1ab-da2b-7f17-be00-d4392f180d67","combine intended meaning, predicate interpretation and both paraphrase tests",{"id":237,"optionText":238,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":10},"01a0e1ab-da2b-7f4b-be00-d4392f4de114","reject an interrogative reading solely because literal substitution sounds awkward",{"id":240,"optionText":241,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":34},"01a0e1ab-da2b-7f7f-be00-d4392f8a82bb","classify the clause solely by its wh-word and word order","\u002Fuploads\u002Fimages\u002Fgpimg_64206b8d-eac3-4fce-b772-2ce1c3bca81a_hero.webp?v=1790492531",{"title":244,"slug":245,"language":246,"level":247},"Free Relative Clauses: Reference and Ambiguity","free-relative-clauses-reference-and-ambiguity","en","C2"]