[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"grammar-exercise-01a0e1ab-da70-7a73-940b-43f6dc915f73":3,"grammar-exercise-lesson-01a0e1ab-d5c5-7677-85af-023326574682":300},{"id":4,"grammarPage":5,"title":6,"instructions":7,"seoTitle":8,"seoDescription":9,"displayOrder":10,"type":11,"questions":12,"ogImageUrl":299},"01a0e1ab-da70-7a73-940b-43f6dc915f73","\u002Fapi\u002Fgrammar_pages\u002F01a0e1ab-d5c5-7677-85af-023326574682","Gapping and Shared Elements in Coordination — Forms in Context","Choose the option that completes each sentence or analysis in context. Follow any stated interpretation when expanding or editing a sentence.","Gapping and Shared Elements: Forms in Context","Practise gapping and shared elements through dropdown questions about workplace reports, public services and travel, checking structure and meaning.",0,"word_select",[13,35,53,71,90,109,128,147,166,185,204,223,242,261,280],{"id":14,"sentenceTemplate":15,"displayOrder":10,"explanation":16,"exampleSentence":17,"blanks":18},"01a0e1ab-da70-7db3-940b-43f6ddc3306a","In “The northern branch handles exports, and the southern branch, imports”, the second clause contains __1__.","The southern branch and imports correspond to the northern branch and exports. The verb handles is omitted; neither the subject nor the final object is shared.","The morning session covers safety, and the afternoon session, maintenance.",[19],{"id":20,"blankNumber":21,"options":22},"01a0e1ab-da70-7d27-940b-43f6dd605a82",1,[23,27,31],{"id":24,"optionText":25,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":10},"01a0e1ab-da70-7c1b-940b-43f6dce1bb96","two verb phrases sharing one subject",false,{"id":28,"optionText":29,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":21},"01a0e1ab-da70-7c7f-940b-43f6dd04a34e","a gapped verb and two contrasting remnants",true,{"id":32,"optionText":33,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":34},"01a0e1ab-da70-7cdf-940b-43f6dd16e781","a final object shared by both verbs",2,{"id":36,"sentenceTemplate":37,"displayOrder":21,"explanation":38,"exampleSentence":39,"blanks":40},"01a0e1ab-da70-7f8f-940b-43f6e066bfc5","In “The technician checked the connection and restarted the system”, the coordinated verb phrases share __1__.","The technician is the subject of both checked and restarted. There is no auxiliary, and each verb has its own object, so this is not gapping.","After lunch, the volunteers cleared the tables and washed the dishes.",[41],{"id":42,"blankNumber":21,"options":43},"01a0e1ab-da70-7f1b-940b-43f6e043c336",[44,47,50],{"id":45,"optionText":46,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":10},"01a0e1ab-da70-7e4f-940b-43f6de5e3354","the subject and an auxiliary",{"id":48,"optionText":49,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":21},"01a0e1ab-da70-7e93-940b-43f6df460982","a final object",{"id":51,"optionText":52,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":34},"01a0e1ab-da70-7ed7-940b-43f6df98b9b7","the subject only",{"id":54,"sentenceTemplate":55,"displayOrder":34,"explanation":56,"exampleSentence":57,"blanks":58},"01a0e1ab-da71-7214-b0fa-3cbbf41809c6","In “The editor requested, and the photographer supplied, a new portrait”, a new portrait __1__.","The delayed object supplies both requested a new portrait and supplied a new portrait. This is shared final material, not an omitted verb.","The residents asked for, and the council agreed to fund, better street lighting.",[59],{"id":60,"blankNumber":21,"options":61},"01a0e1ab-da71-7188-b0fa-3cbbf3c36588",[62,65,68],{"id":63,"optionText":64,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":10},"01a0e1ab-da71-7084-b0fa-3cbbf1be47ab","completes both coordinated parts",{"id":66,"optionText":67,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":21},"01a0e1ab-da71-70dc-b0fa-3cbbf2779065","completes only the second coordinated part",{"id":69,"optionText":70,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":34},"01a0e1ab-da71-7130-b0fa-3cbbf3389272","replaces a missing verb in the second part",{"id":72,"sentenceTemplate":73,"displayOrder":74,"explanation":75,"exampleSentence":76,"blanks":77},"01a0e1ab-da71-73d4-b0fa-3cbbf5165d96","In “The legal team will review the contract, and the sales team will too”, the second will __1__.",3,"The second clause retains its own auxiliary will, with review the contract omitted after it. This is auxiliary-based ellipsis, not the illustrated gapping pattern.","I have submitted my expenses, and my colleague has too.",[78],{"id":79,"blankNumber":21,"options":80},"01a0e1ab-da71-738c-b0fa-3cbbf4da8341",[81,84,87],{"id":82,"optionText":83,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":10},"01a0e1ab-da71-72a8-b0fa-3cbbf41fe292","is shared by both coordinated subjects",{"id":85,"optionText":86,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":21},"01a0e1ab-da71-72f0-b0fa-3cbbf420efc6","remains before an omitted verb phrase",{"id":88,"optionText":89,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":34},"01a0e1ab-da71-733c-b0fa-3cbbf4337a00","marks two remnants after a gapped verb",{"id":91,"sentenceTemplate":92,"displayOrder":93,"explanation":94,"exampleSentence":95,"blanks":96},"01a0e1ab-da71-74cc-b0fa-3cbbf762192c","Expand the second clause without changing its aspect: “The coastal office has been processing applications online, and the inland office, by post.” The inland office __1__ applications by post.",4,"The first clause supplies the multiword frame has been processing. Had been processing changes the tense, and will be processing changes the time frame; neither preserves the given reading.","Our neighbours have been staying with relatives, and we, at a hotel.",[97],{"id":98,"blankNumber":21,"options":99},"01a0e1ab-da71-7484-b0fa-3cbbf6e3d014",[100,103,106],{"id":101,"optionText":102,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":10},"01a0e1ab-da71-7420-b0fa-3cbbf5426f2d","had been processing",{"id":104,"optionText":105,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":21},"01a0e1ab-da71-7444-b0fa-3cbbf5d69a9a","will be processing",{"id":107,"optionText":108,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":34},"01a0e1ab-da71-7464-b0fa-3cbbf68133aa","has been processing",{"id":110,"sentenceTemplate":111,"displayOrder":112,"explanation":113,"exampleSentence":114,"blanks":115},"01a0e1ab-da71-75c0-b0fa-3cbbf9d53fa0","Expand the second clause: “He values flexibility, and they, stability.” They __1__ stability.",5,"Recover the present-tense meaning of values, but make the verb agree with they: value. Gapping does not require copying the singular inflection; valuing cannot stand alone as the finite verb.","My brother lives near the station, and I, beside the park: I live beside the park.",[116],{"id":117,"blankNumber":21,"options":118},"01a0e1ab-da71-7584-b0fa-3cbbf8dd52a4",[119,122,125],{"id":120,"optionText":121,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":10},"01a0e1ab-da71-7520-b0fa-3cbbf7df80fa","value",{"id":123,"optionText":124,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":21},"01a0e1ab-da71-7544-b0fa-3cbbf831d55e","values",{"id":126,"optionText":127,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":34},"01a0e1ab-da71-7564-b0fa-3cbbf833fb9a","valuing",{"id":129,"sentenceTemplate":130,"displayOrder":131,"explanation":132,"exampleSentence":133,"blanks":134},"01a0e1ab-da71-76a4-b0fa-3cbbfc2e32f5","Both clauses must describe putting objects in locations: “The assistant put the samples in the fridge, and the researcher, the notes __1__.”",6,"The recovered frame is someone put something somewhere. In the drawer supplies the required location; manner and time phrases do not supply that missing complement.","We placed the chairs by the wall, and the tables, near the windows.",[135],{"id":136,"blankNumber":21,"options":137},"01a0e1ab-da71-766c-b0fa-3cbbfbdc7e8b",[138,141,144],{"id":139,"optionText":140,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":10},"01a0e1ab-da71-7608-b0fa-3cbbf9dac838","with great care",{"id":142,"optionText":143,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":21},"01a0e1ab-da71-7628-b0fa-3cbbfa8b8a46","in the drawer",{"id":145,"optionText":146,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":34},"01a0e1ab-da71-764c-b0fa-3cbbfb0461fd","before the meeting",{"id":148,"sentenceTemplate":149,"displayOrder":150,"explanation":151,"exampleSentence":152,"blanks":153},"01a0e1ab-da71-782c-b0fa-3cbbfe9bb2e5","The first visit is past and the second is explicitly future. Complete the expansion: “Last Friday, the inspector visited the factory, and next Monday the engineer __1__ the warehouse.”",7,"Next Monday and the explicitly future interpretation require a future frame here. Reusing visited would not express the stated contrast, and has visited presents the visit as already completed rather than future.","Yesterday, I worked upstairs; tomorrow, my colleague will work downstairs.",[154],{"id":155,"blankNumber":21,"options":156},"01a0e1ab-da71-77b4-b0fa-3cbbfdfbea69",[157,160,163],{"id":158,"optionText":159,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":10},"01a0e1ab-da71-76ec-b0fa-3cbbfc8c8c2e","has visited",{"id":161,"optionText":162,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":21},"01a0e1ab-da71-7710-b0fa-3cbbfc993ae3","visited",{"id":164,"optionText":165,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":34},"01a0e1ab-da71-7764-b0fa-3cbbfd7b47ea","will visit",{"id":167,"sentenceTemplate":168,"displayOrder":169,"explanation":170,"exampleSentence":171,"blanks":172},"01a0e1ab-da71-7a00-b0fa-3cbc015d0023","The intended contrast is positive versus negative: the first reviewer recommends publication, but the second does not. Complete the explicit second clause: “The first reviewer recommends publication, but the second __1__ publication.”",8,"The stipulated negative judgement must be expressed explicitly with does not recommend. Does recommend reverses that judgement, while not recommends does not form a grammatical negative finite verb phrase.","The weekday service stops here, but the weekend service does not stop here.",[173],{"id":174,"blankNumber":21,"options":175},"01a0e1ab-da71-798c-b0fa-3cbc0144373d",[176,179,182],{"id":177,"optionText":178,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":10},"01a0e1ab-da71-78b4-b0fa-3cbbff2a6d43","does not recommend",{"id":180,"optionText":181,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":21},"01a0e1ab-da71-7908-b0fa-3cbbffff610f","does recommend",{"id":183,"optionText":184,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":34},"01a0e1ab-da71-794c-b0fa-3cbc005ec594","not recommends",{"id":186,"sentenceTemplate":187,"displayOrder":188,"explanation":189,"exampleSentence":190,"blanks":191},"01a0e1ab-da71-7be8-b0fa-3cbc03bb879b","For neutral edited prose, complete the reason clause: “The manager checked the figures because the assistant __1__ the totals.”",9,"Because introduces a subordinate clause, not a second coordinated clause licensed for gapping. Had questioned provides its finite verbal frame; questioning lacks a finite verb, and had questioning uses the wrong form after had.","The shop closed early because the owner felt unwell.",[192],{"id":193,"blankNumber":21,"options":194},"01a0e1ab-da71-7b74-b0fa-3cbc03a00b72",[195,198,201],{"id":196,"optionText":197,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":10},"01a0e1ab-da71-7a9c-b0fa-3cbc02340510","questioning",{"id":199,"optionText":200,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":21},"01a0e1ab-da71-7ae0-b0fa-3cbc026d972c","had questioned",{"id":202,"optionText":203,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":34},"01a0e1ab-da71-7b28-b0fa-3cbc0321b540","had questioning",{"id":205,"sentenceTemplate":206,"displayOrder":207,"explanation":208,"exampleSentence":209,"blanks":210},"01a0e1ab-da71-7dac-b0fa-3cbc05cfd190","Use has as the shared auxiliary for both actions: “The committee has examined the complaint and __1__ a formal reply.”",10,"Under the stated shared-auxiliary reading, has governs both examined and written. It requires past participles, not the simple past wrote or the -ing form writing.","The courier has collected the parcel and taken it to the depot.",[211],{"id":212,"blankNumber":21,"options":213},"01a0e1ab-da71-7d3c-b0fa-3cbc05a24595",[214,217,220],{"id":215,"optionText":216,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":10},"01a0e1ab-da71-7c74-b0fa-3cbc03e61692","wrote",{"id":218,"optionText":219,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":21},"01a0e1ab-da71-7cb8-b0fa-3cbc04df6746","writing",{"id":221,"optionText":222,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":34},"01a0e1ab-da71-7cfc-b0fa-3cbc0585f4b6","written",{"id":224,"sentenceTemplate":225,"displayOrder":226,"explanation":227,"exampleSentence":228,"blanks":229},"01a0e1ab-da71-7f7c-b0fa-3cbc0879f662","Keep the proposal as the shared complement of both parts: “The chair spoke in favour of, but the treasurer objected __1__, the proposal.”",11,"The delayed phrase must complete spoke in favour of the proposal and objected to the proposal. Objected requires to in this frame; against and for do not license the intended shared complement.","Some passengers relied on, while others complained about, the replacement bus service.",[230],{"id":231,"blankNumber":21,"options":232},"01a0e1ab-da71-7f0c-b0fa-3cbc078035c3",[233,236,239],{"id":234,"optionText":235,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":10},"01a0e1ab-da71-7e38-b0fa-3cbc0685717c","to",{"id":237,"optionText":238,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":21},"01a0e1ab-da71-7e7c-b0fa-3cbc06bc7bce","against",{"id":240,"optionText":241,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":34},"01a0e1ab-da71-7ec8-b0fa-3cbc06d66701","for",{"id":243,"sentenceTemplate":244,"displayOrder":245,"explanation":246,"exampleSentence":247,"blanks":248},"01a0e1ab-da72-71ca-83a9-133d96e75106","Compare “The first train leaves at six, and the second, at seven” with “The first train leaves at six and the second at seven”. In these gapping constructions, the comma marking the missing verb is __1__.",12,"Both versions retain recognisable subject and time contrasts. A comma can mark the missing leaves but is not obligatory; punctuation signals rhythm rather than licensing the grammar.","The budget team will assess the immediate costs; the planning team, the longer-term benefits.",[249],{"id":250,"blankNumber":21,"options":251},"01a0e1ab-da72-7152-83a9-133d965bdcee",[252,255,258],{"id":253,"optionText":254,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":10},"01a0e1ab-da72-7076-83a9-133d94de5bf0","required whenever a verb is omitted",{"id":256,"optionText":257,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":21},"01a0e1ab-da72-70ce-83a9-133d954640e9","optional and can indicate a pause",{"id":259,"optionText":260,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":34},"01a0e1ab-da72-7112-83a9-133d962db729","forbidden when the remnants include a time",{"id":262,"sentenceTemplate":263,"displayOrder":264,"explanation":265,"exampleSentence":266,"blanks":267},"01a0e1ab-da72-73d6-83a9-133d98566b60","Expand the second clause while preserving all three contrasts: “The charity sent blankets to the shelter, and the school, books to the library.” The school __1__.",13,"The three remnants specify the school as sender, books as the item and the library as destination. The verb sent is recoverable, but replacing either books or the library loses an explicit contrast.","The hotel offered rooms to the visitors, and the college, meals to the volunteers.",[268],{"id":269,"blankNumber":21,"options":270},"01a0e1ab-da72-7332-83a9-133d980b03cb",[271,274,277],{"id":272,"optionText":273,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":10},"01a0e1ab-da72-7252-83a9-133d9721da41","sent blankets to the library",{"id":275,"optionText":276,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":21},"01a0e1ab-da72-7296-83a9-133d97518158","sent books to the shelter",{"id":278,"optionText":279,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":34},"01a0e1ab-da72-72ea-83a9-133d97e22ed2","sent books to the library",{"id":281,"sentenceTemplate":282,"displayOrder":283,"explanation":284,"exampleSentence":285,"blanks":286},"01a0e1ab-da72-7512-83a9-133d9bad7e1b","A long shared-final construction is hard to follow in a casual message. Which revision preserves both judgements without delaying their complements? __1__",14,"Repeating the complement as them makes the two relationships immediate. Accept takes a direct object here, whereas object needs to. Shortening or expanding the sentence must preserve both verbal frames.","For an informal update, write: The coach approved the new schedule, but the players complained about it.",[287],{"id":288,"blankNumber":21,"options":289},"01a0e1ab-da72-74d6-83a9-133d9b7bfbb1",[290,293,296],{"id":291,"optionText":292,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":10},"01a0e1ab-da72-7466-83a9-133d995426f5","The landlord accepted the revised terms, but the tenants objected to them.",{"id":294,"optionText":295,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":21},"01a0e1ab-da72-7492-83a9-133d9a2fce32","The landlord accepted the revised terms, but the tenants objected them.",{"id":297,"optionText":298,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":34},"01a0e1ab-da72-74b6-83a9-133d9ad3fbfa","The landlord accepted to the revised terms, but the tenants objected to them.","\u002Fuploads\u002Fimages\u002Fgpimg_d77b89bd-24de-4c36-9907-45b2f103e6a4_hero.webp?v=1790492531",{"title":301,"slug":302,"language":303,"level":304},"Gapping and Shared Elements in Coordination","gapping-and-shared-elements-in-coordination","en","C2"]