[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"grammar-exercise-01a0e1ab-dbb8-7415-bcc2-922ddc9f9188":3,"grammar-exercise-lesson-01a0e1ab-d5de-7245-aaf8-c59b501eafc4":255},{"id":4,"grammarPage":5,"title":6,"instructions":7,"seoTitle":8,"seoDescription":9,"displayOrder":10,"type":11,"questions":12,"ogImageUrl":254},"01a0e1ab-dbb8-7415-bcc2-922ddc9f9188","\u002Fapi\u002Fgrammar_pages\u002F01a0e1ab-d5de-7245-aaf8-c59b501eafc4","Negation, Quantifier Scope and Ambiguity — Meaning in Context","Choose the interpretation or conclusion justified by the wording and context, separating requirements from suggestions.","Negation and Quantifier Scope: Reading Meaning","Explore negation and quantifier scope in gap-fill interpretations of surveys, reviews and interviews, separating logical claims from implied meanings.",1,"word_select",[13,35,53,71,90,109,128,147,166,185,204,223],{"id":14,"sentenceTemplate":15,"displayOrder":16,"explanation":17,"exampleSentence":18,"blanks":19},"01a0e1ab-dbb8-7651-bcc2-922ddfdbdabd","A survey summary says: Not every resident supported the scheme—in fact, none did. The second clause __1__.",0,"Not every requires at least one non-supporter, not any supporters. None is consistent but stronger, so the second clause adds information rather than merely repeating the first.","Not all the shops opened; indeed, the whole street remained closed.",[20],{"id":21,"blankNumber":10,"options":22},"01a0e1ab-dbb8-75f9-bcc2-922ddef5a59b",[23,27,31],{"id":24,"optionText":25,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":16},"01a0e1ab-dbb8-7561-bcc2-922ddd96b345","contradicts the first, which requires some supporters",false,{"id":28,"optionText":29,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":10},"01a0e1ab-dbb8-75a5-bcc2-922dde8f6190","is consistent with the first, which does not require any supporters",true,{"id":32,"optionText":33,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":34},"01a0e1ab-dbb8-75d1-bcc2-922dde940ce4","merely repeats the full meaning of the first",2,{"id":36,"sentenceTemplate":37,"displayOrder":10,"explanation":38,"exampleSentence":39,"blanks":40},"01a0e1ab-dbb8-7765-bcc2-922de14c622b","Compare Some witnesses did not recognise the driver with Not every witness recognised the driver. Their minimum truth requirement is __1__.","Both statements require at least one failure to recognise. Neither requires successful recognition, and neither establishes that all witnesses failed.","Some rooms were not heated and not every room was heated both require an unheated room.",[41],{"id":42,"blankNumber":10,"options":43},"01a0e1ab-dbb8-7729-bcc2-922de0e3ed24",[44,47,50],{"id":45,"optionText":46,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":16},"01a0e1ab-dbb8-76ad-bcc2-922de0175fcd","different: only the first requires a witness who recognised the driver",{"id":48,"optionText":49,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":10},"01a0e1ab-dbb8-76e5-bcc2-922de078297f","the same: no witness recognised the driver",{"id":51,"optionText":52,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":34},"01a0e1ab-dbb8-7709-bcc2-922de0d2e08b","the same: at least one witness did not recognise the driver",{"id":54,"sentenceTemplate":55,"displayOrder":34,"explanation":56,"exampleSentence":57,"blanks":58},"01a0e1ab-dbb8-7849-bcc2-922de471e5ee","The minutes say only: The two amendments were not both adopted. Which account remains possible? __1__.","Not both excludes adoption of two but leaves zero and one open. It establishes neither exactly one nor neither on its own.","The two alarms did not both sound; perhaps only the upstairs alarm sounded.",[59],{"id":60,"blankNumber":10,"options":61},"01a0e1ab-dbb8-7811-bcc2-922de3b929d9",[62,65,68],{"id":63,"optionText":64,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":16},"01a0e1ab-dbb8-77ad-bcc2-922de21c6e72","One was adopted, or neither was adopted",{"id":66,"optionText":67,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":10},"01a0e1ab-dbb8-77d1-bcc2-922de2823f46","Exactly one was adopted, with no other outcome possible",{"id":69,"optionText":70,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":34},"01a0e1ab-dbb8-77f1-bcc2-922de309040c","Both were adopted, or neither was adopted",{"id":72,"sentenceTemplate":73,"displayOrder":74,"explanation":75,"exampleSentence":76,"blanks":77},"01a0e1ab-dbb8-7929-bcc2-922de6b094dc","An isolated written comment reads: Every delegate did not vote. An editor should __1__.",3,"Every followed by negation can support different scope readings, with availability and naturalness varying by speaker and context. Written word order alone does not safely select one.","For a precise attendance record, replace an unclear universal negative with either nobody attended or at least one person was absent.",[78],{"id":79,"blankNumber":10,"options":80},"01a0e1ab-dbb8-78f5-bcc2-922de62a3aae",[81,84,87],{"id":82,"optionText":83,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":16},"01a0e1ab-dbb8-7891-bcc2-922de490f8a8","treat it as necessarily establishing that nobody voted",{"id":85,"optionText":86,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":10},"01a0e1ab-dbb8-78b5-bcc2-922de573dacf","request clarification, since both a zero-voter and a non-unanimous reading can arise",{"id":88,"optionText":89,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":34},"01a0e1ab-dbb8-78d5-bcc2-922de5e07259","treat it as necessarily establishing that somebody voted",{"id":91,"sentenceTemplate":92,"displayOrder":93,"explanation":94,"exampleSentence":95,"blanks":96},"01a0e1ab-dbb8-7a09-bcc2-922de9384ea5","Without further context, I did not interview a translator ordinarily means that no translator was interviewed. A particular-translator reading __1__.",4,"A translator normally falls within negation here, but suitable context can give the indefinite wider scope. The ordinary reading is therefore a default, not an absolute rule.","There is a courier I did not contact: the one handling the overseas delivery.",[97],{"id":98,"blankNumber":10,"options":99},"01a0e1ab-dbb8-79d5-bcc2-922de89ccbee",[100,103,106],{"id":101,"optionText":102,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":16},"01a0e1ab-dbb8-7971-bcc2-922de711e778","is impossible in English",{"id":104,"optionText":105,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":10},"01a0e1ab-dbb8-7995-bcc2-922de80ecc73","is the only available reading, even without context",{"id":107,"optionText":108,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":34},"01a0e1ab-dbb8-79b5-bcc2-922de856a61c","can arise if suitable context identifies the individual",{"id":110,"sentenceTemplate":111,"displayOrder":112,"explanation":113,"exampleSentence":114,"blanks":115},"01a0e1ab-dbb8-7af5-bcc2-922deb9951a5","A curator says: There are some paintings I have not photographed. Does this establish that the curator photographed other paintings? __1__.",5,"Some establishes unphotographed paintings, not a contrasting photographed group. The statement allows but does not establish that none were photographed.","There are some applicants we have not contacted; we may not have contacted anyone yet.",[116],{"id":117,"blankNumber":10,"options":118},"01a0e1ab-dbb8-7abd-bcc2-922dead9a134",[119,122,125],{"id":120,"optionText":121,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":16},"01a0e1ab-dbb8-7a4d-bcc2-922de95f6a66","No; it leaves open whether any other paintings were photographed",{"id":123,"optionText":124,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":10},"01a0e1ab-dbb8-7a6d-bcc2-922de9e6dca9","Yes; some necessarily means some but not all",{"id":126,"optionText":127,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":34},"01a0e1ab-dbb8-7a9d-bcc2-922dea9e93bb","No; it establishes that no paintings were photographed",{"id":129,"sentenceTemplate":130,"displayOrder":131,"explanation":132,"exampleSentence":133,"blanks":134},"01a0e1ab-dbb8-7bd5-bcc2-922deedb5504","Every analyst examined a dataset has a reading on which each analyst examined some dataset, possibly different ones. On that reading, a situation where all examined one shared dataset __1__.",6,"With every analyst taking wider scope, each analyst needs a dataset, but those datasets need not differ. Shared identity therefore satisfies this reading too.","Each guest brought a snack does not rule out everyone bringing the same kind of snack.",[135],{"id":136,"blankNumber":10,"options":137},"01a0e1ab-dbb8-7b9d-bcc2-922dee700902",[138,141,144],{"id":139,"optionText":140,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":16},"01a0e1ab-dbb8-7b39-bcc2-922dec50fc4a","fails to satisfy the claim, because each dataset must be unique",{"id":142,"optionText":143,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":10},"01a0e1ab-dbb8-7b5d-bcc2-922ded03628d","satisfies the claim, because different datasets are permitted but not required",{"id":145,"optionText":146,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":34},"01a0e1ab-dbb8-7b7d-bcc2-922dedc09e83","fails to satisfy the claim unless someone examined a second dataset",{"id":148,"sentenceTemplate":149,"displayOrder":150,"explanation":151,"exampleSentence":152,"blanks":153},"01a0e1ab-dbb8-7cad-bcc2-922df0b1b701","For Every researcher tested a device, consider two readings: each tested some device, or one device was tested by all. Which situation makes only the first reading true? __1__.",7,"Exclusive individual testing satisfies a device for each researcher but rules out a device tested by all. Either shared-device scenario satisfies both readings.","If every pupil borrowed just one book and all the books were different, there was no book borrowed by the entire class.",[154],{"id":155,"blankNumber":10,"options":156},"01a0e1ab-dbb8-7c79-bcc2-922defeb8d18",[157,160,163],{"id":158,"optionText":159,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":16},"01a0e1ab-dbb8-7c19-bcc2-922deefe4b38","All researchers tested one shared device and no other devices",{"id":161,"optionText":162,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":10},"01a0e1ab-dbb8-7c39-bcc2-922defb4bca1","All researchers tested two shared devices",{"id":164,"optionText":165,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":34},"01a0e1ab-dbb8-7c59-bcc2-922defba4800","Each researcher tested exactly one device, and no device was tested by two researchers",{"id":167,"sentenceTemplate":168,"displayOrder":169,"explanation":170,"exampleSentence":171,"blanks":172},"01a0e1ab-dbb8-7d85-bcc2-922df3311d1d","A report explicitly states that there was one particular recording which every investigator heard. This __1__.",8,"The particular recording takes wider scope and must have been heard by everyone. Its existence does not impose an upper limit on what else they heard.","All the chefs tasted the same sauce; several also tasted the soup.",[173],{"id":174,"blankNumber":10,"options":175},"01a0e1ab-dbb8-7d51-bcc2-922df2c7ad06",[176,179,182],{"id":177,"optionText":178,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":16},"01a0e1ab-dbb8-7cf1-bcc2-922df1989055","requires a shared recording but leaves additional listening open",{"id":180,"optionText":181,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":10},"01a0e1ab-dbb8-7d11-bcc2-922df1d9b413","requires that nobody heard any other recording",{"id":183,"optionText":184,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":34},"01a0e1ab-dbb8-7d31-bcc2-922df284410a","allows each investigator to have heard only a different recording, with none shared",{"id":186,"sentenceTemplate":187,"displayOrder":188,"explanation":189,"exampleSentence":190,"blanks":191},"01a0e1ab-dbb8-7e65-bcc2-922df67113c8","A results note says: Three athletes did not qualify. With no further context, this __1__.",9,"The numeral ordinarily identifies three people within the non-qualifying group. Whether they are the complete group depends on context, and the sentence does not count qualifiers.","Five entries were not shortlisted does not tell us how many entries made the shortlist.",[192],{"id":193,"blankNumber":10,"options":194},"01a0e1ab-dbb8-7e2d-bcc2-922df6298574",[195,198,201],{"id":196,"optionText":197,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":16},"01a0e1ab-dbb8-7dc9-bcc2-922df39da5c7","establishes that fewer than three athletes qualified",{"id":199,"optionText":200,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":10},"01a0e1ab-dbb8-7de9-bcc2-922df4944163","identifies three non-qualifiers without reliably fixing either the total failures or the total qualifiers",{"id":202,"optionText":203,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":34},"01a0e1ab-dbb8-7e05-bcc2-922df5491352","establishes that exactly three athletes qualified",{"id":205,"sentenceTemplate":206,"displayOrder":207,"explanation":208,"exampleSentence":209,"blanks":210},"01a0e1ab-dbb8-7f3d-bcc2-922df86ae6dc","The correction says: It is not the case that exactly three teams withdrew. The corrected total __1__.",10,"Negating exactly three excludes that single total. It does not select the lower or higher side; zero, one, two and totals above three remain possible.","Not exactly ten tickets were sold leaves both nine and eleven possible.",[211],{"id":212,"blankNumber":10,"options":213},"01a0e1ab-dbb8-7f05-bcc2-922df8478042",[214,217,220],{"id":215,"optionText":216,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":16},"01a0e1ab-dbb8-7ea5-bcc2-922df74acc3f","must be below three",{"id":218,"optionText":219,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":10},"01a0e1ab-dbb8-7ec9-bcc2-922df74b4862","must be above three",{"id":221,"optionText":222,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":34},"01a0e1ab-dbb8-7ee5-bcc2-922df81e5d75","may be below or above three, but cannot be three",{"id":224,"sentenceTemplate":225,"displayOrder":226,"explanation":227,"exampleSentence":228,"blanks":229},"01a0e1ab-dbb9-7111-937d-13b51725e49b","In a written interview, a host says: I did not hire them; I was ordered to let them use the room. Later, she says: I do not think every guest was informed. The first correction __1__; the later statement __2__.",11,"The written correction contrasts hiring with compelled access, so its focus is the action description, not a quantifier. The later clause illustrates negative raising: a negative judgement is commonly inferred, but lack of positive belief can also reflect uncertainty.","I did not donate the equipment; I lent it. Separately, I do not think all the figures are accurate may convey doubt without establishing a settled belief that some are wrong.",[230,242],{"id":231,"blankNumber":10,"options":232},"01a0e1ab-dbb9-7045-937d-13b513b165e3",[233,236,239],{"id":234,"optionText":235,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":16},"01a0e1ab-dbb8-7f7d-bcc2-922df8a45107","denies that the people entered the room",{"id":237,"optionText":238,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":10},"01a0e1ab-dbb9-7001-937d-13b51315c0fa","rejects the description of the action as hiring",{"id":240,"optionText":241,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":34},"01a0e1ab-dbb9-7025-937d-13b513854ea4","denies only that everyone was hired",{"id":243,"blankNumber":34,"options":244},"01a0e1ab-dbb9-70d9-937d-13b51661efc0",[245,248,251],{"id":246,"optionText":247,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":16},"01a0e1ab-dbb9-707d-937d-13b514681da2","commonly suggests a negative judgement but can leave the speaker undecided",{"id":249,"optionText":250,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":10},"01a0e1ab-dbb9-709d-937d-13b515602528","necessarily expresses a belief that at least one guest was uninformed",{"id":252,"optionText":253,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":34},"01a0e1ab-dbb9-70bd-937d-13b515945930","necessarily expresses a belief that every guest was informed","\u002Fuploads\u002Fimages\u002Fgpimg_e2b30309-274e-424f-a91d-0814c0242d98_hero.webp?v=1790492531",{"title":256,"slug":257,"language":258,"level":259},"Negation, Quantifier Scope and Ambiguity","negation-quantifier-scope-and-ambiguity","en","C2"]