[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"grammar-exercise-01a0e1ab-dbec-7249-a148-55c49acdfe5b":3,"grammar-exercise-lesson-01a0e1ab-d5e5-73b5-b5bc-53d16d704466":360},{"id":4,"grammarPage":5,"title":6,"instructions":7,"seoTitle":8,"seoDescription":9,"displayOrder":10,"type":11,"questions":12,"ogImageUrl":359},"01a0e1ab-dbec-7249-a148-55c49acdfe5b","\u002Fapi\u002Fgrammar_pages\u002F01a0e1ab-d5e5-73b5-b5bc-53d16d704466","Nominalisation and Noun-Based Style — Forms in Context","Choose the option that completes each sentence. Where an editing goal is given, preserve the original meaning and follow that goal.","Nominalisation: Forms and Clear Formal Style","Practise nominalisation through gap-fill sentences about research, public services and workplace decisions, preserving meaning in clear formal prose.",0,"word_select",[13,35,53,71,100,119,145,176,207,233,252,271,302,321,340],{"id":14,"sentenceTemplate":15,"displayOrder":10,"explanation":16,"exampleSentence":17,"blanks":18},"01a0e1ab-dbec-74b1-a148-55c49d2d04f0","The readings must be accurate: the __1__ of these readings determines whether the equipment is safe.","The article the and the following of phrase require a noun naming the quality. Accuracy is the noun; accurate is an adjective and accurately is an adverb.","We cannot assess the accuracy of the forecast until tomorrow.",[19],{"id":20,"blankNumber":21,"options":22},"01a0e1ab-dbec-745d-a148-55c49cb03fd0",1,[23,27,31],{"id":24,"optionText":25,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":10},"01a0e1ab-dbec-73ad-a148-55c49b178052","accurate",false,{"id":28,"optionText":29,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":21},"01a0e1ab-dbec-73f5-a148-55c49b4b6318","accuracy",true,{"id":32,"optionText":33,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":34},"01a0e1ab-dbec-7431-a148-55c49bcbeb18","accurately",2,{"id":36,"sentenceTemplate":37,"displayOrder":21,"explanation":38,"exampleSentence":39,"blanks":40},"01a0e1ab-dbec-75a1-a148-55c49f0de126","The region needs stable prices. Price __1__ would allow businesses to plan ahead.","The subject must name the quality of being stable. Stability is the corresponding noun, not the verb stabilise or the adverb stably.","Economic stability remains a priority for the new government.",[41],{"id":42,"blankNumber":21,"options":43},"01a0e1ab-dbec-7569-a148-55c49e97bcf1",[44,47,50],{"id":45,"optionText":46,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":10},"01a0e1ab-dbec-7505-a148-55c49d80bffd","stabilise",{"id":48,"optionText":49,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":21},"01a0e1ab-dbec-7529-a148-55c49dd5569e","stably",{"id":51,"optionText":52,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":34},"01a0e1ab-dbec-7549-a148-55c49e4f2931","stability",{"id":54,"sentenceTemplate":55,"displayOrder":34,"explanation":56,"exampleSentence":57,"blanks":58},"01a0e1ab-dbec-767d-a148-55c4a1ba05c5","To describe rising demand using a noun, complete the report: There has been an __1__ in demand for evening appointments.","An increase in is the noun pattern for a rise in something. Increase has the same written form as the verb; increasing and increased cannot complete this noun phrase.","An increase in ticket sales helped fund the repairs.",[59],{"id":60,"blankNumber":21,"options":61},"01a0e1ab-dbec-7649-a148-55c4a0db07e1",[62,65,68],{"id":63,"optionText":64,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":10},"01a0e1ab-dbec-75e9-a148-55c49ffdfc98","increase",{"id":66,"optionText":67,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":21},"01a0e1ab-dbec-7609-a148-55c4a05f3577","increasing",{"id":69,"optionText":70,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":34},"01a0e1ab-dbec-7629-a148-55c4a09b2294","increased",{"id":72,"sentenceTemplate":73,"displayOrder":74,"explanation":75,"exampleSentence":76,"blanks":77},"01a0e1ab-dbec-77ed-a148-55c4a69a9d76","Inspectors investigated the leak. Their investigation __1__ the leak led to the development __2__ a new safety procedure.",3,"Investigation into introduces what is being investigated; development of introduces what is being developed. Nominalisation does not preserve the direct-object structure of investigate or develop.","An investigation into the accident prompted the development of better brakes.",[78,90],{"id":79,"blankNumber":21,"options":80},"01a0e1ab-dbec-771d-a148-55c4a43c3920",[81,84,87],{"id":82,"optionText":83,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":10},"01a0e1ab-dbec-76bd-a148-55c4a2515a4d","at",{"id":85,"optionText":86,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":21},"01a0e1ab-dbec-76e1-a148-55c4a26974dc","into",{"id":88,"optionText":89,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":34},"01a0e1ab-dbec-7701-a148-55c4a34330df","to",{"id":91,"blankNumber":34,"options":92},"01a0e1ab-dbec-77ad-a148-55c4a64b5074",[93,96,98],{"id":94,"optionText":95,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":10},"01a0e1ab-dbec-7751-a148-55c4a48c2f6b","of",{"id":97,"optionText":89,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":21},"01a0e1ab-dbec-7771-a148-55c4a539725e",{"id":99,"optionText":86,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":34},"01a0e1ab-dbec-778d-a148-55c4a5dd7895",{"id":101,"sentenceTemplate":102,"displayOrder":103,"explanation":104,"exampleSentence":105,"blanks":106},"01a0e1ab-dbec-78d9-a148-55c4a91a12e9","The supplier refused to release the figures. Its refusal __1__ delayed the audit.",4,"Refusal takes a to-infinitive, so refusal to release preserves the original action. Neither of plus a bare verb nor to plus releasing fits this pattern.","Her refusal to sign the contract surprised the organisers.",[107],{"id":108,"blankNumber":21,"options":109},"01a0e1ab-dbec-78a1-a148-55c4a827aab8",[110,113,116],{"id":111,"optionText":112,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":10},"01a0e1ab-dbec-7841-a148-55c4a6d51676","of release the figures",{"id":114,"optionText":115,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":21},"01a0e1ab-dbec-7865-a148-55c4a7534a6b","to releasing the figures",{"id":117,"optionText":118,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":34},"01a0e1ab-dbec-7885-a148-55c4a825b5ac","to release the figures",{"id":120,"sentenceTemplate":121,"displayOrder":122,"explanation":123,"exampleSentence":124,"blanks":125},"01a0e1ab-dbec-7a3d-a148-55c4ac641877","The scheme gives residents access __1__ training and encourages their participation __2__ local projects.",5,"Learn these nouns with their following prepositions: access to something and participation in something. The training is what residents can access; the projects are what they participate in.","Access to rehearsal space increased participation in the music programme.",[126,135],{"id":127,"blankNumber":21,"options":128},"01a0e1ab-dbec-7979-a148-55c4aa345421",[129,131,133],{"id":130,"optionText":89,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":10},"01a0e1ab-dbec-791d-a148-55c4a9414f04",{"id":132,"optionText":95,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":21},"01a0e1ab-dbec-793d-a148-55c4a955f4d9",{"id":134,"optionText":86,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":34},"01a0e1ab-dbec-795d-a148-55c4a9884af5",{"id":136,"blankNumber":34,"options":137},"01a0e1ab-dbec-7a05-a148-55c4ac5d0e34",[138,140,143],{"id":139,"optionText":95,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":10},"01a0e1ab-dbec-79ad-a148-55c4aafe7563",{"id":141,"optionText":142,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":21},"01a0e1ab-dbec-79cd-a148-55c4abe51962","in",{"id":144,"optionText":89,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":34},"01a0e1ab-dbec-79e9-a148-55c4abf547b6",{"id":146,"sentenceTemplate":147,"displayOrder":148,"explanation":149,"exampleSentence":150,"blanks":151},"01a0e1ab-dbec-7bb9-a148-55c4b1351716","Use a verb-like -ing clause first and an explicit noun phrase second: __1__ patient feedback takes time; the __2__ of that feedback requires specialist software.",6,"Collecting retains verb grammar and takes patient feedback directly. After the, analysis is a noun followed by of. Collection would need a determiner and an of phrase here; analysing does not fit the stated explicit noun pattern.","Recording interviews is straightforward, but the analysis of the recordings can be difficult.",[152,164],{"id":153,"blankNumber":21,"options":154},"01a0e1ab-dbec-7aed-a148-55c4af24cfd4",[155,158,161],{"id":156,"optionText":157,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":10},"01a0e1ab-dbec-7a91-a148-55c4ad35928e","Collection",{"id":159,"optionText":160,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":21},"01a0e1ab-dbec-7ab1-a148-55c4ae0d8c79","Collecting",{"id":162,"optionText":163,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":34},"01a0e1ab-dbec-7ad1-a148-55c4aea86c14","Collected",{"id":165,"blankNumber":34,"options":166},"01a0e1ab-dbec-7b85-a148-55c4b0dffee2",[167,170,173],{"id":168,"optionText":169,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":10},"01a0e1ab-dbec-7b21-a148-55c4afbd9a4a","analysing",{"id":171,"optionText":172,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":21},"01a0e1ab-dbec-7b41-a148-55c4afd309b1","analyse",{"id":174,"optionText":175,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":34},"01a0e1ab-dbec-7b69-a148-55c4b00da979","analysis",{"id":177,"sentenceTemplate":178,"displayOrder":179,"explanation":180,"exampleSentence":181,"blanks":182},"01a0e1ab-dbec-7d2d-a148-55c4b4e236b8","The panel assessed the applications carefully. Preserve who acted and how: The __1__ __2__ assessment of the applications prevented several mistakes.",7,"The possessive panel’s identifies the assessor. The adverb carefully becomes the adjective careful because it now modifies assessment. Panel without a possessive does not fit before careful assessment.","The editor’s thorough review of the manuscript revealed several factual errors.",[183,195],{"id":184,"blankNumber":21,"options":185},"01a0e1ab-dbec-7c6d-a148-55c4b2b4f5eb",[186,189,192],{"id":187,"optionText":188,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":10},"01a0e1ab-dbec-7c0d-a148-55c4b18c3262","panel",{"id":190,"optionText":191,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":21},"01a0e1ab-dbec-7c31-a148-55c4b216c62d","panel's",{"id":193,"optionText":194,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":34},"01a0e1ab-dbec-7c51-a148-55c4b2500417","panels",{"id":196,"blankNumber":34,"options":197},"01a0e1ab-dbec-7cf9-a148-55c4b49c0ff1",[198,201,204],{"id":199,"optionText":200,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":10},"01a0e1ab-dbec-7ca1-a148-55c4b314c1e8","carefully",{"id":202,"optionText":203,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":21},"01a0e1ab-dbec-7cc1-a148-55c4b3bbea5f","care",{"id":205,"optionText":206,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":34},"01a0e1ab-dbec-7cdd-a148-55c4b497aa8e","careful",{"id":208,"sentenceTemplate":209,"displayOrder":210,"explanation":211,"exampleSentence":212,"blanks":213},"01a0e1ab-dbec-7ea9-a148-55c4b89c62d1","The agency inspected the warehouse. Keep the agency as the actor and the warehouse as the object: The inspection __1__ the warehouse __2__ the agency revealed damaged equipment.",8,"Inspection of identifies what was inspected; by the agency identifies who inspected it. Reversing these relationships would not preserve the original event.","The examination of the bridge by an engineer took two hours.",[214,224],{"id":215,"blankNumber":21,"options":216},"01a0e1ab-dbec-7ddd-a148-55c4b6bb6aa8",[217,220,222],{"id":218,"optionText":219,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":10},"01a0e1ab-dbec-7d81-a148-55c4b4e2daf2","by",{"id":221,"optionText":95,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":21},"01a0e1ab-dbec-7da5-a148-55c4b5bc763f",{"id":223,"optionText":89,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":34},"01a0e1ab-dbec-7dc1-a148-55c4b63fbfbf",{"id":225,"blankNumber":34,"options":226},"01a0e1ab-dbec-7e75-a148-55c4b87a39c0",[227,229,231],{"id":228,"optionText":219,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":10},"01a0e1ab-dbec-7e11-a148-55c4b725c22c",{"id":230,"optionText":95,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":21},"01a0e1ab-dbec-7e35-a148-55c4b80da30a",{"id":232,"optionText":89,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":34},"01a0e1ab-dbec-7e55-a148-55c4b83be5f9",{"id":234,"sentenceTemplate":235,"displayOrder":236,"explanation":237,"exampleSentence":238,"blanks":239},"01a0e1ab-dbec-7f9d-a148-55c4ba9929f7","The director criticised the contractor, not the other way round. Make the source of the criticism explicit: The criticism __1__ concerned repeated delays.",9,"Expressed by explicitly identifies the director as the person making the criticism. Directed at and received by would instead make the director its target, contrary to the context. Criticism of the director alone could leave this role unclear.","The complaint expressed by the tenant concerned the broken heating system.",[240],{"id":241,"blankNumber":21,"options":242},"01a0e1ab-dbec-7f69-a148-55c4ba4caa22",[243,246,249],{"id":244,"optionText":245,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":10},"01a0e1ab-dbec-7f09-a148-55c4b8bb3b6f","directed at the director",{"id":247,"optionText":248,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":21},"01a0e1ab-dbec-7f2d-a148-55c4b9670e5b","received by the director",{"id":250,"optionText":251,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":34},"01a0e1ab-dbec-7f49-a148-55c4b9a3c312","expressed by the director",{"id":253,"sentenceTemplate":254,"displayOrder":255,"explanation":256,"exampleSentence":257,"blanks":258},"01a0e1ab-dbed-70d6-a87c-d77ef16b704d","The two departments coordinated their schedules. Refer back to that action: This __1__ prevented clashes between appointments.",10,"This coordination packages the preceding action as a noun so that the next sentence can evaluate its result. Coordinated cannot head this noun phrase; coordinating of incorrectly combines verb-like and noun-like patterns.","The charity expanded its delivery service. This expansion helped isolated households.",[259],{"id":260,"blankNumber":21,"options":261},"01a0e1ab-dbed-70a2-a87c-d77ef11c4143",[262,265,268],{"id":263,"optionText":264,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":10},"01a0e1ab-dbed-703e-a87c-d77eeedd719a","coordinated",{"id":266,"optionText":267,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":21},"01a0e1ab-dbed-706a-a87c-d77eefa16a89","coordination",{"id":269,"optionText":270,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":34},"01a0e1ab-dbed-7086-a87c-d77ef01d5dc2","coordinating of",{"id":272,"sentenceTemplate":273,"displayOrder":274,"explanation":275,"exampleSentence":276,"blanks":277},"01a0e1ab-dbed-7232-a87c-d77ef563ce08","Use parallel noun phrases to contrast the two changes: The __1__ of the library increased study space, whereas the __2__ in opening hours limited access.",11,"Expansion of and reduction in form parallel noun phrases naming the two changes. The verb and adjective forms cannot head the noun phrases after the.","The extension of the rail network improved connections, whereas the increase in fares discouraged travel.",[278,290],{"id":279,"blankNumber":21,"options":280},"01a0e1ab-dbed-7176-a87c-d77ef328f021",[281,284,287],{"id":282,"optionText":283,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":10},"01a0e1ab-dbed-711a-a87c-d77ef1985163","expansion",{"id":285,"optionText":286,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":21},"01a0e1ab-dbed-713a-a87c-d77ef1e88958","expand",{"id":288,"optionText":289,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":34},"01a0e1ab-dbed-7156-a87c-d77ef28b7e21","expansive",{"id":291,"blankNumber":34,"options":292},"01a0e1ab-dbed-71fe-a87c-d77ef525905b",[293,296,299],{"id":294,"optionText":295,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":10},"01a0e1ab-dbed-71a6-a87c-d77ef37abdca","reduce",{"id":297,"optionText":298,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":21},"01a0e1ab-dbed-71c6-a87c-d77ef43ed51d","reduced",{"id":300,"optionText":301,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":34},"01a0e1ab-dbed-71e6-a87c-d77ef5188b4f","reduction",{"id":303,"sentenceTemplate":304,"displayOrder":305,"explanation":306,"exampleSentence":307,"blanks":308},"01a0e1ab-dbed-7322-a87c-d77ef6f3bbe0","The board may withdraw the grant in December. Preserve both uncertainty and timing: The __1__ has caused concern among researchers.",12,"May requires possible rather than confirmed. In December preserves the original timing; last December moves the event into the past. The noun withdrawal itself expresses neither uncertainty nor tense.","The possible cancellation of next month’s conference has complicated our travel plans.",[309],{"id":310,"blankNumber":21,"options":311},"01a0e1ab-dbed-72ea-a87c-d77ef6ae597e",[312,315,318],{"id":313,"optionText":314,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":10},"01a0e1ab-dbed-7286-a87c-d77ef56ab344","confirmed withdrawal of the grant in December",{"id":316,"optionText":317,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":21},"01a0e1ab-dbed-72a6-a87c-d77ef607954b","possible withdrawal of the grant in December",{"id":319,"optionText":320,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":34},"01a0e1ab-dbed-72c6-a87c-d77ef69680a6","possible withdrawal of the grant last December",{"id":322,"sentenceTemplate":323,"displayOrder":324,"explanation":325,"exampleSentence":326,"blanks":327},"01a0e1ab-dbed-7402-a87c-d77ef81c9be4","The administrator deleted the files on Monday. In a report assigning responsibility, preserve both the actor and the date: __1__ made the review impossible.",13,"Only the full phrase retains both the administrator’s responsibility and Monday. The other phrases are grammatical but each omits information that the editing instruction explicitly requires. Omitting an actor can suit a process-focused account, but not this accountability report.","The removal of the warning signs by the contractor yesterday left visitors without guidance.",[328],{"id":329,"blankNumber":21,"options":330},"01a0e1ab-dbed-73ce-a87c-d77ef7fe8ae4",[331,334,337],{"id":332,"optionText":333,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":10},"01a0e1ab-dbed-7372-a87c-d77ef7231c77","The deletion of the files on Monday",{"id":335,"optionText":336,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":21},"01a0e1ab-dbed-7392-a87c-d77ef73d3fb4","The deletion of the files by the administrator",{"id":338,"optionText":339,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":34},"01a0e1ab-dbed-73b2-a87c-d77ef7c08793","The deletion of the files by the administrator on Monday",{"id":341,"sentenceTemplate":342,"displayOrder":343,"explanation":344,"exampleSentence":345,"blanks":346},"01a0e1ab-dbed-74ce-a87c-d77efb05a47c","For a brief action summary, replace the entire noun-and-verb phrase with one finite verb: The researchers __1__ the water samples.",14,"Analysed meets the stated goal of using one finite verb for the whole action. Conducted an analysis of and made a detailed analysis of are grammatical noun-based alternatives, not errors, but they do not perform the requested edit. A detailed analysis can be useful when the type of analysis deserves emphasis.","For a concise update, write We decided to extend the trial rather than We made a decision to extend the trial.",[347],{"id":348,"blankNumber":21,"options":349},"01a0e1ab-dbed-749a-a87c-d77efa837f0f",[350,353,356],{"id":351,"optionText":352,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":10},"01a0e1ab-dbed-7442-a87c-d77ef8a544bc","analysed",{"id":354,"optionText":355,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":21},"01a0e1ab-dbed-7462-a87c-d77ef911386c","conducted an analysis of",{"id":357,"optionText":358,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":34},"01a0e1ab-dbed-747e-a87c-d77ef9f2e913","made a detailed analysis of","\u002Fuploads\u002Fimages\u002Fgpimg_8c876a72-9a12-4345-ad7c-4340baa57758_hero.webp?v=1790492531",{"title":361,"slug":362,"language":363,"level":364},"Nominalisation and Noun-Based Style","nominalisation-and-noun-based-style","en","C1"]