[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"grammar-exercise-01a0e1ab-dcba-77b7-9277-fcaff158b759":3,"grammar-exercise-lesson-01a0e1ab-d5f1-7df8-9e70-f2c2ebdb7f87":263},{"id":4,"grammarPage":5,"title":6,"instructions":7,"seoTitle":8,"seoDescription":9,"displayOrder":10,"type":11,"questions":12,"ogImageUrl":262},"01a0e1ab-dcba-77b7-9277-fcaff158b759","\u002Fapi\u002Fgrammar_pages\u002F01a0e1ab-d5f1-7df8-9e70-f2c2ebdb7f87","Participle Clauses for Time, Reason and Result — Build the Sentences","Arrange the word tiles to build each sentence. Leave out the extra word.","Participle Clauses: Sentence Ordering Practice","Practise participle clauses by ordering words into sentences about everyday tasks, unexpected events and reactions, using time, reason and result.",1,"sentence_builder",[13,39,59,79,100,120,139,159,179,200,220,241],{"id":14,"sentenceTemplate":15,"displayOrder":16,"explanation":17,"exampleSentence":18,"blanks":19},"01a0e1ab-dcba-7a53-9277-fcaff3e66770","Build the sentence: __1__",0,"While + -ing introduces the simultaneous activity. I is the understood subject of washing and the stated subject of broke. Washes cannot follow while without its own subject.","While waiting outside, we discussed the menu.",[20],{"id":21,"blankNumber":10,"options":22,"tiles":31},"01a0e1ab-dcba-79e3-9277-fcaff38b4374",[23,27],{"id":24,"optionText":25,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":16},"01a0e1ab-dcba-794b-9277-fcaff1da2afc","washes",false,{"id":28,"optionText":29,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":10},"01a0e1ab-dcba-79a3-9277-fcaff2b0693f","While washing up, I broke a plate.",true,[32,33,34,35,36,37,38],"While","washing","up,","I","broke","a","plate.",{"id":40,"sentenceTemplate":15,"displayOrder":10,"explanation":41,"exampleSentence":42,"blanks":43},"01a0e1ab-dcba-7b8b-9277-fcaff699948a","After + -ing places checking in before unpacking. The introductory clause ends at the comma, followed by the subject we and the main verb unpacked. Checked cannot replace checking after after without a subject.","After collecting her suitcase, Anna called a taxi.",[44],{"id":45,"blankNumber":10,"options":46,"tiles":53},"01a0e1ab-dcba-7b37-9277-fcaff5a57521",[47,50],{"id":48,"optionText":49,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":16},"01a0e1ab-dcba-7acf-9277-fcaff45b3f72","After checking in, we unpacked.",{"id":51,"optionText":52,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":10},"01a0e1ab-dcba-7b07-9277-fcaff4c7ee54","checked",[54,55,56,57,58],"After","checking","in,","we","unpacked.",{"id":60,"sentenceTemplate":15,"displayOrder":61,"explanation":62,"exampleSentence":63,"blanks":64},"01a0e1ab-dcba-7c9f-9277-fcaff8c9074e",2,"Before + -ing introduces the later action: checking the address happened first. Both actions belong to I. Leaves is a finite verb and cannot replace leaving in this subjectless clause.","Before entering the laboratory, visitors put on safety glasses.",[65],{"id":66,"blankNumber":10,"options":67,"tiles":74},"01a0e1ab-dcba-7c53-9277-fcaff81df430",[68,71],{"id":69,"optionText":70,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":16},"01a0e1ab-dcba-7bef-9277-fcaff7476455","leaves",{"id":72,"optionText":73,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":10},"01a0e1ab-dcba-7c23-9277-fcaff76f212d","Before leaving, I checked the address.",[75,76,35,52,77,78],"Before","leaving,","the","address.",{"id":80,"sentenceTemplate":15,"displayOrder":81,"explanation":82,"exampleSentence":83,"blanks":84},"01a0e1ab-dcba-7db3-9277-fcaffb18e2d6",3,"When comes before the past participle questioned to introduce passive time: he was questioned. The main clause follows the comma. Questions cannot serve as the passive participle.","When offered a seat, Maria thanked the driver.",[85],{"id":86,"blankNumber":10,"options":87,"tiles":94},"01a0e1ab-dcba-7d63-9277-fcaffafd0a47",[88,91],{"id":89,"optionText":90,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":16},"01a0e1ab-dcba-7cff-9277-fcaff96ddb7b","When questioned, he remained silent.",{"id":92,"optionText":93,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":10},"01a0e1ab-dcba-7d33-9277-fcaffa1b2cfc","questions",[95,96,97,98,99],"When","questioned,","he","remained","silent.",{"id":101,"sentenceTemplate":15,"displayOrder":102,"explanation":103,"exampleSentence":104,"blanks":105},"01a0e1ab-dcba-7ee3-9277-fcaffd6ee677",4,"Having + past participle marks an action completed before the main action. Written, not writing, follows having; the report is its object. He is the subject of both writing and relaxing.","Having chosen a route, we set off.",[106],{"id":107,"blankNumber":10,"options":108,"tiles":115},"01a0e1ab-dcba-7e97-9277-fcaffc9ac260",[109,112],{"id":110,"optionText":111,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":16},"01a0e1ab-dcba-7e13-9277-fcaffb67e925","writing",{"id":113,"optionText":114,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":10},"01a0e1ab-dcba-7e67-9277-fcaffbc26c12","Having written the report, he relaxed.",[116,117,77,118,97,119],"Having","written","report,","relaxed.",{"id":121,"sentenceTemplate":15,"displayOrder":122,"explanation":123,"exampleSentence":124,"blanks":125},"01a0e1ab-dcbb-7058-b632-9f4f14fcf1be",5,"The order having + been + past participle marks a completed passive event. We received the warning before staying. Being cannot replace been after having.","Having been delayed, the flight arrived after midnight.",[126],{"id":127,"blankNumber":10,"options":128,"tiles":135},"01a0e1ab-dcbb-7004-b632-9f4f1432151c",[129,132],{"id":130,"optionText":131,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":16},"01a0e1ab-dcba-7f43-9277-fcaffe65c5b5","Having been warned, we stayed.",{"id":133,"optionText":134,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":10},"01a0e1ab-dcba-7f77-9277-fcafff3e017c","being",[116,136,137,57,138],"been","warned,","stayed.",{"id":140,"sentenceTemplate":15,"displayOrder":141,"explanation":142,"exampleSentence":143,"blanks":144},"01a0e1ab-dcbb-7164-b632-9f4f1715c863",6,"Not precedes the -ing clause and negates knowing. The clause gives the reason for my hesitation, with I as the shared subject. Knows cannot replace the participle knowing.","Not recognising the number, Eva ignored the call.",[145],{"id":146,"blankNumber":10,"options":147,"tiles":154},"01a0e1ab-dcbb-7118-b632-9f4f164d9d54",[148,151],{"id":149,"optionText":150,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":16},"01a0e1ab-dcbb-70b8-b632-9f4f153ae18e","knows",{"id":152,"optionText":153,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":10},"01a0e1ab-dcbb-70e8-b632-9f4f15aba8c9","Not knowing why, I hesitated.",[155,156,157,35,158],"Not","knowing","why,","hesitated.",{"id":160,"sentenceTemplate":15,"displayOrder":161,"explanation":162,"exampleSentence":163,"blanks":164},"01a0e1ab-dcbb-7274-b632-9f4f1905a6b6",7,"Not comes before having + past participle. The lack of earlier sleep explains the later exhaustion. Slept is required after having; sleeping would not form a perfect participle clause.","Not having eaten, the hikers needed a break.",[165],{"id":166,"blankNumber":10,"options":167,"tiles":174},"01a0e1ab-dcbb-7228-b632-9f4f18c725fc",[168,171],{"id":169,"optionText":170,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":16},"01a0e1ab-dcbb-71c4-b632-9f4f179a2d87","sleeping",{"id":172,"optionText":173,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":10},"01a0e1ab-dcbb-71f8-b632-9f4f182bd504","Not having slept, I felt exhausted.",[155,175,176,35,177,178],"having","slept,","felt","exhausted.",{"id":180,"sentenceTemplate":15,"displayOrder":181,"explanation":182,"exampleSentence":183,"blanks":184},"01a0e1ab-dcbb-739c-b632-9f4f1a946d84",8,"The passive participle shocked comes before by the news, which identifies the cause of her shock. The clause explains why she wept. Shocking would incorrectly make her the active source of the shock in this structure.","Encouraged by the response, we continued.",[185],{"id":186,"blankNumber":10,"options":187,"tiles":194},"01a0e1ab-dcbb-7334-b632-9f4f19a74af9",[188,191],{"id":189,"optionText":190,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":16},"01a0e1ab-dcbb-72d4-b632-9f4f19148e24","Shocked by the news, she wept.",{"id":192,"optionText":193,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":10},"01a0e1ab-dcbb-7308-b632-9f4f195c9f36","shocking",[195,196,77,197,198,199],"Shocked","by","news,","she","wept.",{"id":201,"sentenceTemplate":15,"displayOrder":202,"explanation":203,"exampleSentence":204,"blanks":205},"01a0e1ab-dcbb-74c0-b632-9f4f1c16a029",9,"When + past participle introduces a passive time clause referring to the glue. Will places the main event in the future: heated does not itself mean past time. Heats cannot form this subjectless passive clause.","When completed, the bridge will connect the villages.",[206],{"id":207,"blankNumber":10,"options":208,"tiles":215},"01a0e1ab-dcbb-7464-b632-9f4f1bf85ea5",[209,212],{"id":210,"optionText":211,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":16},"01a0e1ab-dcbb-7400-b632-9f4f1af5979a","heats",{"id":213,"optionText":214,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":10},"01a0e1ab-dcbb-7434-b632-9f4f1b390952","When heated, the glue will soften.",[95,216,77,217,218,219],"heated,","glue","will","soften.",{"id":221,"sentenceTemplate":15,"displayOrder":222,"explanation":223,"exampleSentence":224,"blanks":225},"01a0e1ab-dcbb-75d0-b632-9f4f1e78cb2c",10,"The main clause comes first, followed by a comma and the -ing result clause. Flooding the valley reports the consequence of the dam bursting. Flooded cannot replace flooding in this result construction.","A pipe leaked, damaging the ceiling.",[226],{"id":227,"blankNumber":10,"options":228,"tiles":235},"01a0e1ab-dcbb-7584-b632-9f4f1e605beb",[229,232],{"id":230,"optionText":231,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":16},"01a0e1ab-dcbb-7524-b632-9f4f1cfbaed0","The dam burst, flooding the valley.",{"id":233,"optionText":234,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":10},"01a0e1ab-dcbb-7554-b632-9f4f1d8a3ae4","flooded",[236,237,238,239,77,240],"The","dam","burst,","flooding","valley.",{"id":242,"sentenceTemplate":15,"displayOrder":243,"explanation":244,"exampleSentence":245,"blanks":246},"01a0e1ab-dcbb-76e0-b632-9f4f1fd5c369",11,"Leaving follows the comma and introduces the result of the whole preceding event. Within that clause, us precedes its complement stranded. Left cannot replace leaving without changing the clause structure.","The ferry stopped operating, forcing travellers to find another route.",[247],{"id":248,"blankNumber":10,"options":249,"tiles":256},"01a0e1ab-dcbb-7694-b632-9f4f1f6aae5f",[250,253],{"id":251,"optionText":252,"isCorrect":26,"displayOrder":16},"01a0e1ab-dcbb-7630-b632-9f4f1ebb5896","left",{"id":254,"optionText":255,"isCorrect":30,"displayOrder":10},"01a0e1ab-dcbb-7664-b632-9f4f1f1a2489","The lights failed, leaving us stranded.",[236,257,258,259,260,261],"lights","failed,","leaving","us","stranded.","\u002Fuploads\u002Fimages\u002Fgpimg_f6616aca-293f-4698-9654-cb76ee91a6ee_hero.webp?v=1790492531",{"title":264,"slug":265,"language":266,"level":267},"Participle Clauses for Time, Reason and Result","participle-clauses-for-time-reason-and-result","en","B2"]