[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"grammar-exercise-01a0e1ab-dce4-7175-b795-38c169ebb896":3,"grammar-exercise-lesson-019b7f66-b1e0-7f7e-8efb-a9853febaf95":113},{"id":4,"grammarPage":5,"title":6,"instructions":7,"seoTitle":8,"seoDescription":9,"displayOrder":10,"type":11,"questions":12,"ogImageUrl":112},"01a0e1ab-dce4-7175-b795-38c169ebb896","\u002Fapi\u002Fgrammar_pages\u002F019b7f66-b1e0-7f7e-8efb-a9853febaf95","Past Perfect — Sort Events and Viewpoints","Read each prompt. Tap a tile, then tap its column to sort every tile.","Past perfect: sort events and viewpoints","Sort past perfect clauses and verb phrases into columns to explore event order, past reasons, reported events and ongoing activities in daily life.",6,"word_sort",[13,32,51,74,93],{"id":14,"sentenceTemplate":15,"displayOrder":16,"explanation":17,"blanks":18,"payload":19},"01a0e1ab-dce4-72d1-b795-38c16ae4d0be","Read this story: We had booked a room and had paid online. On Friday, we collected the key and carried our bags upstairs. Sort the events by their place in the story’s timeline.",0,"Past perfect separates earlier preparations from the main past sequence. The past simple moves the Friday story forward; it does not need past perfect for every event. For example: I had charged my phone, so I switched it on and called Dad.",[],{"items":20,"categories":31},[21,24,27,29],{"text":22,"category":23},"booked a room","Earlier preparations",{"text":25,"category":26},"collected the key","Main past sequence",{"text":28,"category":23},"paid online",{"text":30,"category":26},"carried our bags upstairs",[23,26],{"id":33,"sentenceTemplate":34,"displayOrder":35,"explanation":36,"blanks":37,"payload":38},"01a0e1ab-dce4-7345-b795-38c16b87b748","Read: Ben was cold because he had forgotten his jacket. His shoes were wet because he had stepped in a puddle. Sort the clauses into earlier reasons and past results.",1,"In these sentences, because introduces an earlier event in the past perfect that explains a past simple situation. The cold and wet shoes are results, not the earlier causes. For example: We were pleased because our team had won.",[],{"items":39,"categories":50},[40,43,46,48],{"text":41,"category":42},"he had forgotten his jacket","Earlier reasons",{"text":44,"category":45},"Ben was cold","Past results",{"text":47,"category":45},"his shoes were wet",{"text":49,"category":42},"he had stepped in a puddle",[45,42],{"id":52,"sentenceTemplate":53,"displayOrder":54,"explanation":55,"blanks":56,"payload":57},"01a0e1ab-dce4-73d1-b795-38c16bb277a9","Sort these verb phrases by their form: past perfect simple or past perfect continuous.",2,"Past perfect simple uses had plus a past participle. Continuous uses had been plus an -ing form, including in negatives and questions, to focus on an activity over time. For example: Before the break, we had been painting for an hour; we had painted two walls.",[],{"items":58,"categories":73},[59,62,65,67,69,71],{"text":60,"category":61},"had been walking","Past perfect continuous",{"text":63,"category":64},"had repaired","Past perfect simple",{"text":66,"category":61},"had not been listening",{"text":68,"category":64},"hadn’t washed",{"text":70,"category":61},"Had she been cooking?",{"text":72,"category":64},"Had they rested?",[64,61],{"id":75,"sentenceTemplate":76,"displayOrder":77,"explanation":78,"blanks":79,"payload":80},"01a0e1ab-dce4-7431-b795-38c16c48c534","Read: On Monday, Amy said she had sold her bike. On Tuesday, Dan told us he had found a new flat. Sort the events into earlier reported events and later reporting events.",3,"In these reports, past perfect places selling and finding before the past simple acts of speaking. Backshift often shows this earlier relationship; it is not a claim that every report must use past perfect. For example: At dinner, Mum said she had bought a train ticket.",[],{"items":81,"categories":92},[82,85,88,90],{"text":83,"category":84},"Amy said","Later reporting events",{"text":86,"category":87},"she had sold her bike","Earlier reported events",{"text":89,"category":84},"Dan told us",{"text":91,"category":87},"he had found a new flat",[87,84],{"id":94,"sentenceTemplate":95,"displayOrder":96,"explanation":97,"blanks":98,"payload":99},"01a0e1ab-dce4-7489-b795-38c16ce56cbe","These phrases describe knowing a person or owning a home for years before a move. Sort them by whether the verb form is normally used for these states.",4,"Know and own describe states in this context. Even with a long duration, they normally take past perfect simple, not continuous. For example: Before I changed jobs, I had known the manager for a decade.",[],{"items":100,"categories":111},[101,104,107,109],{"text":102,"category":103},"had known our neighbour","Normally used for these states",{"text":105,"category":106},"had been owning the house","Not normally used for these states",{"text":108,"category":103},"had owned the house",{"text":110,"category":106},"had been knowing our neighbour",[103,106],"\u002Fuploads\u002Fimages\u002Fgpimg_fccb4c02-34f5-44e3-b54f-1e902b2ef605_hero.webp?v=1790492531",{"title":114,"slug":115,"language":116,"level":117},"Past Perfect","past-perfect","en","B1"]