[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"grammar-exercise-01a0e1ac-7675-713d-a260-d7a2d93191c0":3,"grammar-exercise-lesson-01a07863-d6ab-7aa1-a11a-2ab40be93a6a":103},{"id":4,"grammarPage":5,"title":6,"instructions":7,"seoTitle":8,"seoDescription":9,"displayOrder":10,"type":11,"questions":12,"ogImageUrl":102},"01a0e1ac-7675-713d-a260-d7a2d93191c0","\u002Fapi\u002Fgrammar_pages\u002F01a07863-d6ab-7aa1-a11a-2ab40be93a6a","Building polite past forms","Tap each dictionary form, then tap the column for its polite past ending.","과거 시제 연습: 기본형을 과거형 어미로 분류하기","한국어 과거 시제의 어미를 고르는 분류 연습입니다. 일상 행동과 지난 상태를 나타내는 기본형을 보고 알맞은 과거형 어미에 나누어 놓으세요. 받침이 있는 어간, 모음이 줄어드는 형태, 하다 동사와 형용사를 살펴보고 각 문제의 해설에서 어미를 고르는 기준을 확인하세요.",2,"word_sort",[13,36,60,81],{"id":14,"sentenceTemplate":15,"displayOrder":16,"explanation":17,"blanks":18,"payload":19},"01a0e1ac-7675-72c5-a260-d7a2d94c8465","Sort these regular verbs by the ending used to make their polite past form.",0,"Remove 다 and check the last stem vowel, not the final consonant. Choose 았어요 after ㅏ or ㅗ and 었어요 after other vowels. For example, 문을 닫았어요 uses 았어요 because 닫 has ㅏ.",[],{"items":20,"categories":35},[21,24,26,28,31,33],{"text":22,"category":23},"잡다","Uses 았어요",{"text":25,"category":23},"앉다",{"text":27,"category":23},"볶다",{"text":29,"category":30},"입다","Uses 었어요",{"text":32,"category":30},"웃다",{"text":34,"category":30},"씻다",[30,23],{"id":37,"sentenceTemplate":38,"displayOrder":39,"explanation":40,"blanks":41,"payload":42},"01a0e1ac-7675-7339-a260-d7a2da4b417a","Sort these verbs by the vowel in their final stem syllable after making the contracted polite past form.",1,"Contraction joins the stem vowel to the past ending: ㅗ + 아 becomes ㅘ, ㅣ + 어 becomes ㅕ, and ㅜ + 어 becomes ㅝ. The past marker ㅆ remains. For example, a question about a purchase can be 얼마에 샀어요?; there, identical ㅏ vowels merge instead.",[],{"items":43,"categories":59},[44,47,49,52,54,57],{"text":45,"category":46},"기다리다","Contracted vowel ㅕ",{"text":48,"category":46},"빌리다",{"text":50,"category":51},"주다","Contracted vowel ㅝ",{"text":53,"category":51},"치우다",{"text":55,"category":56},"오다","Contracted vowel ㅘ",{"text":58,"category":56},"보다",[46,51,56],{"id":61,"sentenceTemplate":62,"displayOrder":10,"explanation":63,"blanks":64,"payload":65},"01a0e1ac-7675-73bd-a260-d7a2dadb230c","Sort these activity verbs by their polite past ending; treat 하다 verbs as a separate group.","A verb ending in 하다 makes its past with 했어요, rather than applying the ordinary ㅏ rule to 하. Other regular stems take 았어요 after ㅏ or ㅗ and 었어요 elsewhere. For example, 누가 전화했어요? asks about a completed call.",[],{"items":66,"categories":80},[67,69,71,74,76,78],{"text":68,"category":23},"받다",{"text":70,"category":23},"찾다",{"text":72,"category":73},"준비하다","Uses 했어요",{"text":75,"category":73},"청소하다",{"text":77,"category":30},"먹다",{"text":79,"category":30},"읽다",[23,73,30],{"id":82,"sentenceTemplate":83,"displayOrder":84,"explanation":85,"blanks":86,"payload":87},"01a0e1ac-7675-741d-a260-d7a2db8bc045","Sort these descriptive predicates by the ending needed to describe a past state.",3,"Adjectives also take past endings: 았어요 after stem vowels ㅏ or ㅗ, 었어요 after other vowels, and 했어요 for 하다 adjectives. For example, 숙제가 어려웠어요 describes an earlier state, not an action; that adjective also has a stem change.",[],{"items":88,"categories":101},[89,91,93,95,97,99],{"text":90,"category":73},"따뜻하다",{"text":92,"category":73},"피곤하다",{"text":94,"category":30},"재미있다",{"text":96,"category":30},"맛없다",{"text":98,"category":23},"작다",{"text":100,"category":23},"많다",[73,30,23],"\u002Fuploads\u002Fimages\u002Fgpimg_65708b55-e24c-4678-88da-8f1215c95851_hero.webp?v=1790492571",{"title":104,"slug":105,"language":106,"level":107},"'-았\u002F었-' 과거 시제","at-eot-gwageo-sije","ko","A2"]