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الحجة","in-wa-idha-wa-law",163,{"id":827,"title":828,"slug":829,"language":9,"level":749,"displayOrder":830},"01a14143-3dab-75b2-905c-5ae1f553a468","كلما وأيا كان ومهما يكن","kullama-wa-ayyan-kana",164,{"id":832,"title":833,"slug":834,"language":9,"level":749,"displayOrder":835},"01a14143-3e28-7d8f-b568-b8ceeb0c8084","المصدر المؤول في مواقع نحوية متعددة","mawaqi-al-masdar-al-muawwal",165,{"id":837,"title":838,"slug":839,"language":9,"level":749,"displayOrder":840},"01a14143-3ad9-718b-9545-a30ed0b9b8de","الاعتراض والاستدراك في الجملة الطويلة","al-itirad-wa-al-istidrak",166,{"id":842,"title":843,"slug":844,"language":9,"level":749,"displayOrder":845},"01a14143-3ca9-7680-b00a-cde07f4af711","التقديم والتأخير وبؤرة المعلومة","bu-rat-al-maluma",167,{"id":847,"title":848,"slug":849,"language":9,"level":749,"displayOrder":850},"01a14143-3a63-70e7-b9a1-ed1134701ab0","الحذف واستعادة المحذوف من السياق","al-hadhf-fi-as-siyaq",168,{"id":852,"title":853,"slug":854,"language":9,"level":749,"displayOrder":855},"01a14143-3c78-7eaf-8db2-4baf4a227d81","التراكيب الاسمية في الأسلوب الأكاديمي","at-tarakib-al-ismiyya-al-akadimiyya",169,{"id":857,"title":858,"slug":859,"language":9,"level":749,"displayOrder":860},"01a14143-3e40-77f1-bb7a-7755cbab1c42","نقل الأقوال والموقف من المصدر","naql-al-aqwal",170,{"id":862,"title":863,"slug":864,"language":9,"level":749,"displayOrder":865},"01a14143-3c57-7c1f-8b9a-8756d4887bcd","التحفظ والاحتمال في الكتابة العلمية","at-tahaffuz-wa-al-ihtimal",171,{"id":867,"title":868,"slug":869,"language":9,"level":749,"displayOrder":870},"01a14143-3c25-7a59-a627-b67c7910d72c","الصياغة الإدارية والقانونية المعاصرة","as-siyagha-al-idariyya",172,{"id":872,"title":873,"slug":874,"language":9,"level":749,"displayOrder":875},"01a14143-3c44-7d7e-90e0-1fc38905a4b0","التعجب والمدح والذم","at-taajjub-wa-al-madh-wa-adh-dhamm",173,{"id":877,"title":878,"slug":879,"language":9,"level":880,"displayOrder":881},"01a14143-3bad-7aee-9881-8597330b4ca7","العدول بين الخبر والإنشاء وأثره","al-udul-bayna-al-khabar-wa-al-insha","C2",174,{"id":883,"title":884,"slug":885,"language":9,"level":880,"displayOrder":886},"01a14143-3ab4-7dd7-9c18-6cc240d60051","الالتفات وتحول الضمائر في النص الأدبي","al-iltifat",175,{"id":888,"title":889,"slug":890,"language":9,"level":880,"displayOrder":891},"01a14143-3a15-7344-a201-e498d909a359","الفصل والوصل في بناء النص","al-fasl-wa-al-wasl",176,{"id":893,"title":894,"slug":895,"language":9,"level":880,"displayOrder":896},"01a14143-3aa6-722a-abdf-92a2a36e1d46","الإيجاز والحذف وحدود استنتاج المعنى","al-ijaz-wa-al-hadhf",177,{"id":898,"title":899,"slug":900,"language":9,"level":880,"displayOrder":901},"01a14143-3c71-7c34-bc16-593c334a1d7b","التقديم للاختصاص والحصر في النص الأدبي","at-taqdim-li-al-ikhtisas",178,{"id":903,"title":904,"slug":905,"language":9,"level":880,"displayOrder":906},"01a14143-3abc-761f-b84c-ad57171015a8","الاشتغال في قراءة النصوص الفصيحة","al-ishtighal",179,{"id":908,"title":909,"slug":910,"language":9,"level":880,"displayOrder":911},"01a14143-3c64-7f80-acfc-fd896eb807e1","التنازع وتحديد العامل","at-tanazu",180,{"id":913,"title":914,"slug":915,"language":9,"level":880,"displayOrder":916},"01a14143-3aad-7870-aa38-609a1caf4bfe","الاختصاص والتحذير والإغراء","al-ikhtisas-wa-at-tahdhir",181,{"id":918,"title":919,"slug":920,"language":9,"level":880,"displayOrder":921},"01a14143-3b28-779d-9ba1-03923e51543e","المفعول معه والتمييز من العطف","al-maful-maahu",182,{"id":923,"title":924,"slug":925,"language":9,"level":880,"displayOrder":926},"01a14143-3e47-7385-8a7e-bc7d6f00153c","نون التوكيد ولام القسم في القراءة","nun-at-tawkid-wa-lam-al-qasam",183,{"id":928,"title":929,"slug":930,"language":9,"level":880,"displayOrder":931},"01a14143-3d1b-7b6f-b9f8-e3ec9b8920af","إن المخففة واللام الفارقة في النصوص","in-al-mukhaffafa",184,{"id":933,"title":934,"slug":935,"language":9,"level":880,"displayOrder":936},"01a14143-3db9-79a6-97b4-cb9a95ebdd33","لا ولات وإن المشبهة بليس في القراءة","la-wa-lata-wa-in",185,{"id":938,"title":939,"slug":940,"language":9,"level":880,"displayOrder":941},"01a14143-3cd7-752b-85f3-7fdcd9881ff7","ضمير الشأن والقصة وتفسيره","damir-ash-shan",186,{"id":943,"title":944,"slug":945,"language":9,"level":880,"displayOrder":946},"01a14143-3a5c-7452-9f79-57e7ae583138","الحذف في جملة الصلة وشروط فهمه","al-hadhf-fi-as-sila",187,{"id":948,"title":949,"slug":950,"language":9,"level":880,"displayOrder":951},"01a14143-3e73-7cbd-9916-78149163b2df","تعدد التحليل النحوي وأثره في المعنى","taaddud-at-tahlil-an-nahwi",188,{"id":953,"title":954,"slug":955,"language":9,"level":880,"displayOrder":956},"01a14143-3c7f-7adb-8468-77f42fa800a5","التراكيب التراثية في الاقتباس المعاصر","at-tarakib-at-turathiyya",189,{"id":470,"title":471,"slug":472,"seoDescription":958,"content":959,"language":9,"level":387,"displayOrder":473,"grammarTopics":960,"createdAt":965,"updatedAt":966,"vocabularyLists":967,"readyImages":1033},"تعرّف معاني أصبح وصار وظل وأخوات كان، وكيف ترفع الاسم وتنصب الخبر، وميّز التحول من الاستمرار، واستعمل ما زال وما دام مع أمثلة من العربية المعاصرة.","تستطيع أن تقول: «الْجَوُّ بارِدٌ»، لكن كيف تعبّر عن تغيّر الجوّ أو استمرار برودته؟ ستتعلّم اختيار **أَصْبَحَ** و**صارَ** و**ظَلَّ** وأخواتها بحسب المعنى، وضبط الاسم والخبر بعدها.\n\n## ١. ما الذي يتغيّر في الجملة؟\n\nتعمل هذه الأفعال عمل **كانَ**: تدخل على الجملة الاسمية، فيبقى المبتدأ مرفوعًا ويُسمّى **اسمها**، ويصبح الخبر منصوبًا ويُسمّى **خبرها**.\n\n| الجملة الاسمية | بعد دخول الفعل | المعنى |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| الْجَوُّ بارِدٌ. | أَصْبَحَ الْجَوُّ **بارِدًا**. | تغيّر حال الجوّ |\n| الطِّفْلُ هادِئٌ. | ظَلَّ الطِّفْلُ **هادِئًا**. | استمرّ هدوؤه |\n| الْماءُ ثَلْجٌ. | صارَ الْماءُ **ثَلْجًا**. | تحوّل الماء إلى ثلج |\n\nفي المثال الأوّل، **الْجَوُّ** اسم أصبح مرفوع، و**بارِدًا** خبرها منصوب. وسُمّيت هذه الأفعال ناقصة لأنّ اسمها وحده لا يكمل المعنى المقصود في هذا الاستعمال.\n\n## ٢. أصبح وصار: التغيّر والتحوّل\n\nتدلّ **صارَ** على الانتقال من حال إلى حال، ويكثر استعمال **أَصْبَحَ** بهذا المعنى أيضًا في العربية المعاصرة.\n\n:::example\nكانَ الطَّريقُ ضَيِّقًا، ثُمَّ **صارَ واسِعًا** بَعْدَ التَّوْسيعِ.\n\nكانَتْ لَيْلى طالِبَةً، وَالْآنَ **أَصْبَحَتْ طَبيبَةً**.\n:::\n\nقد تدلّ **أَصْبَحَ** أيضًا على اتّصاف الاسم بالخبر في الصباح؛ ويحدّد السياق المعنى.\n\n:::note\nلا تعني **أَصْبَحَ** دائمًا أنّ الحدث وقع صباحًا. في «أَصْبَحَتْ لَيْلى طَبيبَةً» نتحدّث عن تغيّر حالها، لا عن وقت الصباح.\n:::\n\n## ٣. ظلّ وما زال: استمرار الحال\n\nتدلّ **ظَلَّ** على استمرار الحال خلال مدّة يحدّدها السياق، ولا تعني أنّ الحال سيستمرّ إلى الأبد. وتفيد **ما زالَ** أنّ الحال كان موجودًا واستمرّ إلى الوقت المقصود.\n\n:::example\n**ظَلَّ الْبابُ مَفْتوحًا** طَوالَ النَّهارِ.\n\nالْمَكْتَبُ مُغْلَقٌ، لَكِنَّ الْمُديرَ **ما زالَ مَوْجودًا** فيهِ.\n\n**لا يَزالُ الْمَطَرُ غَزيرًا**؛ سَنَنْتَظِرُ قَليلًا.\n:::\n\nتأتي **زالَ، بَرِحَ، فَتِئَ، انْفَكَّ** بهذا المعنى مع نفي أو شبهه. ومن صيغ الاستمرار المستعملة:\n\n- **ما زالَ \u002F لا يَزالُ**: شائعتان في الاستعمال اليومي والكتابة.\n- **ما بَرِحَ \u002F ما فَتِئَ \u002F ما انْفَكَّ**: أكثر شيوعًا في الكتابة الرسمية والأدبية.\n\n:::warning\nفي **ما زالَ الْمَريضُ مُتْعَبًا**، المعنى أنّ التعب مستمرّ، لا أنّه انتهى. لا تحذف **ما** إذا أردت هذا المعنى.\n:::\n\n## ٤. أخوات أخرى للوقت والمدّة\n\nتعرّف هذه الأفعال عند وصف الحال في وقت معيّن:\n\n| الفعل | معناه في هذا الاستعمال | المثال |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| **أَضْحى** | اتّصف بالحال في الضحى | أَضْحى الْجَوُّ دافِئًا. |\n| **أَمْسى** | اتّصف بالحال في المساء | أَمْسى الْجَوُّ بارِدًا. |\n| **باتَ** | استمرّ على الحال ليلًا | باتَ الْحارِسُ يَقِظًا. |\n| **ما دامَ** | طوال مدّة بقاء الحال | سَأَبْقى هُنا ما دامَ الْمَطَرُ غَزيرًا. |\n\nتُستعمل **أَضْحى** و**أَمْسى** و**باتَ** أيضًا بمعنى **صارَ** بحسب السياق، ولا سيّما في الكتابة. مثلًا: **باتَ اسْتِخْدامُ الْإِنْتَرْنِتِ ضَرورِيًّا**؛ هنا لا نقصد الليل وحده.\n\nفي تركيب **ما دامَ**، تربط **ما** مدّةَ جملة بأخرى: بقائي هنا مرتبط باستمرار المطر الغزير. وللتعبير عن الاستمرار وحده، تقول: **ما زالَ الْمَطَرُ غَزيرًا**.\n\n## ٥. صورة الاسم والخبر\n\nقد يكون الاسم ظاهرًا، كما في **صارَ الْمَكانُ هادِئًا**، أو ضميرًا متّصلًا بالفعل، كما في **صِرْتُ هادِئًا**. في المثال الثاني، التاء هي اسم صار، والمتكلّم رجل. وتقول المرأة: **صِرْتُ هادِئَةً**.\n\nليس الخبر دائمًا كلمة واحدة:\n\n| صورة الخبر | المثال | حكم الخبر |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| كلمة واحدة | ظَلَّ الطِّفْلُ **هادِئًا**. | منصوب |\n| جملة فعلية | ظَلَّ الطِّفْلُ **يَلْعَبُ**. | الجملة في محلّ نصب |\n| شبه جملة | ظَلَّ الطِّفْلُ **في الْحَديقَةِ**. | شبه الجملة في محلّ نصب |\n\n:::tip\nنصب الخبر لا يعني إضافة فتحة إلى كلّ ما يأتي بعد الفعل. في **ظَلَّ الطِّفْلُ يَلْعَبُ**، يبقى **يَلْعَبُ** فعلًا مضارعًا مرفوعًا، والجملة الفعلية كلّها خبر ظلّ.\n:::\n\n## ٦. كيف تختار الفعل المناسب؟\n\n1. للتغيّر والتحوّل، اختر **صارَ** أو **أَصْبَحَ**: صارَ الْماءُ بارِدًا.\n2. لاستمرار الحال خلال مدّة، اختر **ظَلَّ**: ظَلَّ الْماءُ بارِدًا طَوالَ الرِّحْلَةِ.\n3. لبقاء حال سابقة، اختر **ما زالَ** أو **لا يَزالُ**: لا يَزالُ الْماءُ بارِدًا.\n4. لربط فعل بمدّة استمرار حال، اختر **ما دامَ**: سَأَبْقى هُنا ما دامَ الْمَطَرُ غَزيرًا.\n\nبعد اختيار المعنى، راجع الصيغة: **اسم مرفوع، وخبر منصوب أو في محلّ نصب**.",[961],{"id":962,"name":471,"level":387,"language":9,"isCompleted":963,"completionPercentage":964,"totalExercises":31,"completedExercises":964},"01a14143-3913-7378-be14-80edd909138a",false,0,"2026-10-15T20:31:27+00:00","2026-10-16T06:40:27+00:00",[968],{"id":969,"title":970,"vocabularyListWords":971,"isPublished":1032},"01a14143-8f32-717c-8206-65b192ce1363","أفعال 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دام",[],{"id":1027,"vocabularyWord":1028,"displayOrder":56},"01a14143-8f32-7304-8206-65b19853cc70",{"id":1029,"word":1030,"frequency":41,"level":387,"language":9,"partsOfSpeech":1031,"audio":963},"01a14143-745e-78b2-a363-4c0aed1cc93d","لا يزال",[],true,[],null,[1036,1045,1051,1058,1065],{"@id":1037,"@type":1038,"id":1039,"grammarPage":1040,"title":1041,"instructions":1042,"displayOrder":964,"type":1043,"questionCount":71,"blankCount":71,"isCompleted":963,"ogImageUrl":1044},"\u002Fapi\u002Fgrammar_exercises\u002F01a14143-4003-7981-a503-35bfa15f6a21","GrammarExercise","01a14143-4003-7981-a503-35bfa15f6a21","\u002Fapi\u002Fgrammar_pages\u002F01a14143-39c6-7a19-94b9-469109d9f225","معاني أخوات كان في السياق","اختر الإجابة الصحيحة بحسب معنى الجملة وصيغة الفعل وضبط الخبر فيها.","word_select","\u002Fuploads\u002Fimages\u002Fgpimg_1c262b17-984d-40b0-bb7c-074ad783ea89_hero.webp?v=1792096288",{"@id":1046,"@type":1038,"id":1047,"grammarPage":1040,"title":1048,"instructions":1049,"displayOrder":11,"type":1043,"questionCount":66,"blankCount":71,"isCompleted":963,"ogImageUrl":1050},"\u002Fapi\u002Fgrammar_exercises\u002F01a14143-401d-72be-8d43-b8d75ebbe88e","01a14143-401d-72be-8d43-b8d75ebbe88e","اسم أخوات كان وخبرها","اختر الصيغة الصحيحة، وانتبه إلى إعراب الاسم وصورة الخبر ومعنى الاستمرار.","\u002Fuploads\u002Fimages\u002Fgpimg_e90c6437-5f9b-49b0-b757-9c67bde4fb3c_hero.webp?v=1792096288",{"@id":1052,"@type":1038,"id":1053,"grammarPage":1040,"title":1054,"instructions":1055,"displayOrder":16,"type":1056,"questionCount":56,"blankCount":56,"isCompleted":963,"ogImageUrl":1057},"\u002Fapi\u002Fgrammar_exercises\u002F01a14143-4035-75fb-95bc-c3bc0de1d60a","01a14143-4035-75fb-95bc-c3bc0de1d60a","بناء الجملة مع أخوات كان والضمائر","رتّب الكلمات لتكوين جملة صحيحة، واترك القطع الزائدة. انتبه إلى الضمير المتصل وصورة الخبر وعلامات الترقيم.","sentence_builder","\u002Fuploads\u002Fimages\u002Fgpimg_a625e1b5-1ed8-41f6-a20a-c3ab060c533c_hero.webp?v=1792096288",{"@id":1059,"@type":1038,"id":1060,"grammarPage":1040,"title":1061,"instructions":1062,"displayOrder":21,"type":1063,"questionCount":26,"blankCount":964,"isCompleted":963,"ogImageUrl":1064},"\u002Fapi\u002Fgrammar_exercises\u002F01a14143-4046-7cd2-ad2d-d16091e07e3e","01a14143-4046-7cd2-ad2d-d16091e07e3e","تصنيف معاني أخوات كان واستعمالاتها","اضغط على البطاقة، ثم اضغط على العمود المناسب لمعناها أو استعمالها.","word_sort","\u002Fuploads\u002Fimages\u002Fgpimg_9b6ce00b-6ebd-4dee-b175-82c4dc28bf68_hero.webp?v=1792096288",{"@id":1066,"@type":1038,"id":1067,"grammarPage":1040,"title":1068,"instructions":1069,"displayOrder":26,"type":1063,"questionCount":26,"blankCount":964,"isCompleted":963,"ogImageUrl":1070},"\u002Fapi\u002Fgrammar_exercises\u002F01a14143-404e-7477-86a4-e37518770dd7","01a14143-404e-7477-86a4-e37518770dd7","تصنيف اسم أخوات كان وخبرها","اضغط على كل بطاقة، ثم على العمود المناسب. انتبه إلى الجزء المطلوب تصنيفه في كل لوحة.","\u002Fuploads\u002Fimages\u002Fgpimg_222f9903-f0ed-4dd7-af4f-e3b0b3a2031a_hero.webp?v=1792096288",{"id":1039,"grammarPage":1040,"title":1041,"instructions":1042,"seoTitle":1072,"seoDescription":1073,"displayOrder":964,"type":1043,"questions":1074,"ogImageUrl":1044},"أخوات كان: تمارين المعاني وضبط الخبر","تدرّب على اختيار أخوات كان وضبط خبرها في جمل عن العمل والسفر والحياة اليومية، وميّز بين التحوّل والاستمرار ودلالة الوقت وربط المدّة، مع شروح وأمثلة.",[1075],{"id":1076,"sentenceTemplate":1077,"displayOrder":964,"explanation":1078,"exampleSentence":1079,"blanks":1080},"01a14143-4003-7d2d-a503-35bfa444a9a1","كان المبنى مصنعًا، ثم صار متحفًا. تدلّ «صار» هنا على __1__.","كان المبنى مصنعًا ثم تغيّر استعماله؛ فصار تدلّ على التحوّل، لا على استمرار الحال أو وقت الصباح.","بعد التدريب، صار العمل سهلًا.",[1081],{"id":1082,"blankNumber":11,"options":1083},"01a14143-4003-7ca9-a503-35bfa3e51316",[1084,1087,1090],{"id":1085,"optionText":1086,"isCorrect":963,"displayOrder":964},"01a14143-4003-7bc1-a503-35bfa1954a81","استمرار الحال السابقة",{"id":1088,"optionText":1089,"isCorrect":1032,"displayOrder":11},"01a14143-4003-7c19-a503-35bfa27d3cc2","الانتقال من حال إلى حال",{"id":1091,"optionText":1092,"isCorrect":963,"displayOrder":16},"01a14143-4003-7c65-a503-35bfa2f4ce62","تحديد وقت الصباح",{"html":1094,"toc":1095},"\u003Cp>تستطيع أن تقول: «الْجَوُّ بارِدٌ»، لكن كيف تعبّر عن تغيّر الجوّ أو استمرار برودته؟ ستتعلّم اختيار \u003Cstrong>أَصْبَحَ\u003C\u002Fstrong> و\u003Cstrong>صارَ\u003C\u002Fstrong> و\u003Cstrong>ظَلَّ\u003C\u002Fstrong> وأخواتها بحسب المعنى، وضبط الاسم والخبر بعدها.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"section\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">1.\u003C\u002Fspan>١. ما الذي يتغيّر في الجملة؟\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>تعمل هذه الأفعال عمل \u003Cstrong>كانَ\u003C\u002Fstrong>: تدخل على الجملة الاسمية، فيبقى المبتدأ مرفوعًا ويُسمّى \u003Cstrong>اسمها\u003C\u002Fstrong>، ويصبح الخبر منصوبًا ويُسمّى \u003Cstrong>خبرها\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ctable>\n\u003Cthead>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Cth>الجملة الاسمية\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>بعد دخول الفعل\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>المعنى\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Fthead>\n\u003Ctbody>\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>الْجَوُّ بارِدٌ.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>أَصْبَحَ الْجَوُّ \u003Cstrong>بارِدًا\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>تغيّر حال الجوّ\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>الطِّفْلُ هادِئٌ.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>ظَلَّ الطِّفْلُ \u003Cstrong>هادِئًا\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>استمرّ هدوؤه\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>الْماءُ ثَلْجٌ.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>صارَ الْماءُ \u003Cstrong>ثَلْجًا\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>تحوّل الماء إلى ثلج\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003Cp>في المثال الأوّل، \u003Cstrong>الْجَوُّ\u003C\u002Fstrong> اسم أصبح مرفوع، و\u003Cstrong>بارِدًا\u003C\u002Fstrong> خبرها منصوب. وسُمّيت هذه الأفعال ناقصة لأنّ اسمها وحده لا يكمل المعنى المقصود في هذا الاستعمال.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"section-2\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">2.\u003C\u002Fspan>٢. أصبح وصار: التغيّر والتحوّل\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>تدلّ \u003Cstrong>صارَ\u003C\u002Fstrong> على الانتقال من حال إلى حال، ويكثر استعمال \u003Cstrong>أَصْبَحَ\u003C\u002Fstrong> بهذا المعنى أيضًا في العربية المعاصرة.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"grammar-callout grammar-callout--example\">\u003Cp>كانَ الطَّريقُ ضَيِّقًا، ثُمَّ \u003Cstrong>صارَ واسِعًا\u003C\u002Fstrong> بَعْدَ التَّوْسيعِ.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>كانَتْ لَيْلى طالِبَةً، وَالْآنَ \u003Cstrong>أَصْبَحَتْ طَبيبَةً\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Cp>قد تدلّ \u003Cstrong>أَصْبَحَ\u003C\u002Fstrong> أيضًا على اتّصاف الاسم بالخبر في الصباح؛ ويحدّد السياق المعنى.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"grammar-callout grammar-callout--note\">\u003Cp>لا تعني \u003Cstrong>أَصْبَحَ\u003C\u002Fstrong> دائمًا أنّ الحدث وقع صباحًا. في «أَصْبَحَتْ لَيْلى طَبيبَةً» نتحدّث عن تغيّر حالها، لا عن وقت الصباح.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"section-3\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">3.\u003C\u002Fspan>٣. ظلّ وما زال: استمرار الحال\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>تدلّ \u003Cstrong>ظَلَّ\u003C\u002Fstrong> على استمرار الحال خلال مدّة يحدّدها السياق، ولا تعني أنّ الحال سيستمرّ إلى الأبد. وتفيد \u003Cstrong>ما زالَ\u003C\u002Fstrong> أنّ الحال كان موجودًا واستمرّ إلى الوقت المقصود.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"grammar-callout grammar-callout--example\">\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>ظَلَّ الْبابُ مَفْتوحًا\u003C\u002Fstrong> طَوالَ النَّهارِ.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>الْمَكْتَبُ مُغْلَقٌ، لَكِنَّ الْمُديرَ \u003Cstrong>ما زالَ مَوْجودًا\u003C\u002Fstrong> فيهِ.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>لا يَزالُ الْمَطَرُ غَزيرًا\u003C\u002Fstrong>؛ سَنَنْتَظِرُ قَليلًا.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Cp>تأتي \u003Cstrong>زالَ، بَرِحَ، فَتِئَ، انْفَكَّ\u003C\u002Fstrong> بهذا المعنى مع نفي أو شبهه. ومن صيغ الاستمرار المستعملة:\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>ما زالَ \u002F لا يَزالُ\u003C\u002Fstrong>: شائعتان في الاستعمال اليومي والكتابة.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>ما بَرِحَ \u002F ما فَتِئَ \u002F ما انْفَكَّ\u003C\u002Fstrong>: أكثر شيوعًا في الكتابة الرسمية والأدبية.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"grammar-callout grammar-callout--warning\">\u003Cp>في \u003Cstrong>ما زالَ الْمَريضُ مُتْعَبًا\u003C\u002Fstrong>، المعنى أنّ التعب مستمرّ، لا أنّه انتهى. لا تحذف \u003Cstrong>ما\u003C\u002Fstrong> إذا أردت هذا المعنى.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"section-4\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">4.\u003C\u002Fspan>٤. أخوات أخرى للوقت والمدّة\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>تعرّف هذه الأفعال عند وصف الحال في وقت معيّن:\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ctable>\n\u003Cthead>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Cth>الفعل\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>معناه في هذا الاستعمال\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>المثال\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Fthead>\n\u003Ctbody>\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>أَضْحى\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>اتّصف بالحال في الضحى\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>أَضْحى الْجَوُّ دافِئًا.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>أَمْسى\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>اتّصف بالحال في المساء\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>أَمْسى الْجَوُّ بارِدًا.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>باتَ\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>استمرّ على الحال ليلًا\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>باتَ الْحارِسُ يَقِظًا.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>ما دامَ\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>طوال مدّة بقاء الحال\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>سَأَبْقى هُنا ما دامَ الْمَطَرُ غَزيرًا.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003Cp>تُستعمل \u003Cstrong>أَضْحى\u003C\u002Fstrong> و\u003Cstrong>أَمْسى\u003C\u002Fstrong> و\u003Cstrong>باتَ\u003C\u002Fstrong> أيضًا بمعنى \u003Cstrong>صارَ\u003C\u002Fstrong> بحسب السياق، ولا سيّما في الكتابة. مثلًا: \u003Cstrong>باتَ اسْتِخْدامُ الْإِنْتَرْنِتِ ضَرورِيًّا\u003C\u002Fstrong>؛ هنا لا نقصد الليل وحده.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>في تركيب \u003Cstrong>ما دامَ\u003C\u002Fstrong>، تربط \u003Cstrong>ما\u003C\u002Fstrong> مدّةَ جملة بأخرى: بقائي هنا مرتبط باستمرار المطر الغزير. وللتعبير عن الاستمرار وحده، تقول: \u003Cstrong>ما زالَ الْمَطَرُ غَزيرًا\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"section-5\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">5.\u003C\u002Fspan>٥. صورة الاسم والخبر\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>قد يكون الاسم ظاهرًا، كما في \u003Cstrong>صارَ الْمَكانُ هادِئًا\u003C\u002Fstrong>، أو ضميرًا متّصلًا بالفعل، كما في \u003Cstrong>صِرْتُ هادِئًا\u003C\u002Fstrong>. في المثال الثاني، التاء هي اسم صار، والمتكلّم رجل. وتقول المرأة: \u003Cstrong>صِرْتُ هادِئَةً\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>ليس الخبر دائمًا كلمة واحدة:\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ctable>\n\u003Cthead>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Cth>صورة الخبر\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>المثال\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>حكم الخبر\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Fthead>\n\u003Ctbody>\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>كلمة واحدة\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>ظَلَّ الطِّفْلُ \u003Cstrong>هادِئًا\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>منصوب\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>جملة فعلية\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>ظَلَّ الطِّفْلُ \u003Cstrong>يَلْعَبُ\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>الجملة في محلّ نصب\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>شبه جملة\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>ظَلَّ الطِّفْلُ \u003Cstrong>في الْحَديقَةِ\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>شبه الجملة في محلّ نصب\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"grammar-callout grammar-callout--tip\">\u003Cp>نصب الخبر لا يعني إضافة فتحة إلى كلّ ما يأتي بعد الفعل. في \u003Cstrong>ظَلَّ الطِّفْلُ يَلْعَبُ\u003C\u002Fstrong>، يبقى \u003Cstrong>يَلْعَبُ\u003C\u002Fstrong> فعلًا مضارعًا مرفوعًا، والجملة الفعلية كلّها خبر ظلّ.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"section-6\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">6.\u003C\u002Fspan>٦. كيف تختار الفعل المناسب؟\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Col>\n\u003Cli>للتغيّر والتحوّل، اختر \u003Cstrong>صارَ\u003C\u002Fstrong> أو \u003Cstrong>أَصْبَحَ\u003C\u002Fstrong>: صارَ الْماءُ بارِدًا.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>لاستمرار الحال خلال مدّة، اختر \u003Cstrong>ظَلَّ\u003C\u002Fstrong>: ظَلَّ الْماءُ بارِدًا طَوالَ الرِّحْلَةِ.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>لبقاء حال سابقة، اختر \u003Cstrong>ما زالَ\u003C\u002Fstrong> أو \u003Cstrong>لا يَزالُ\u003C\u002Fstrong>: لا يَزالُ الْماءُ بارِدًا.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>لربط فعل بمدّة استمرار حال، اختر \u003Cstrong>ما دامَ\u003C\u002Fstrong>: سَأَبْقى هُنا ما دامَ الْمَطَرُ غَزيرًا.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Fol>\n\u003Cp>بعد اختيار المعنى، راجع الصيغة: \u003Cstrong>اسم مرفوع، وخبر منصوب أو في محلّ نصب\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\u003C\u002Fp>\n",[1096,1100,1104,1108,1112,1116],{"id":1097,"text":1098,"depth":16,"number":1099},"section","١. ما الذي يتغيّر في الجملة؟","1",{"id":1101,"text":1102,"depth":16,"number":1103},"section-2","٢. أصبح وصار: التغيّر والتحوّل","2",{"id":1105,"text":1106,"depth":16,"number":1107},"section-3","٣. ظلّ وما زال: استمرار الحال","3",{"id":1109,"text":1110,"depth":16,"number":1111},"section-4","٤. أخوات أخرى للوقت والمدّة","4",{"id":1113,"text":1114,"depth":16,"number":1115},"section-5","٥. صورة الاسم والخبر","5",{"id":1117,"text":1118,"depth":16,"number":1119},"section-6","٦. كيف تختار الفعل المناسب؟","6"]