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الحجة","in-wa-idha-wa-law",163,{"id":827,"title":828,"slug":829,"language":9,"level":749,"displayOrder":830},"01a14143-3dab-75b2-905c-5ae1f553a468","كلما وأيا كان ومهما يكن","kullama-wa-ayyan-kana",164,{"id":832,"title":833,"slug":834,"language":9,"level":749,"displayOrder":835},"01a14143-3e28-7d8f-b568-b8ceeb0c8084","المصدر المؤول في مواقع نحوية متعددة","mawaqi-al-masdar-al-muawwal",165,{"id":837,"title":838,"slug":839,"language":9,"level":749,"displayOrder":840},"01a14143-3ad9-718b-9545-a30ed0b9b8de","الاعتراض والاستدراك في الجملة الطويلة","al-itirad-wa-al-istidrak",166,{"id":842,"title":843,"slug":844,"language":9,"level":749,"displayOrder":845},"01a14143-3ca9-7680-b00a-cde07f4af711","التقديم والتأخير وبؤرة المعلومة","bu-rat-al-maluma",167,{"id":847,"title":848,"slug":849,"language":9,"level":749,"displayOrder":850},"01a14143-3a63-70e7-b9a1-ed1134701ab0","الحذف واستعادة المحذوف من السياق","al-hadhf-fi-as-siyaq",168,{"id":852,"title":853,"slug":854,"language":9,"level":749,"displayOrder":855},"01a14143-3c78-7eaf-8db2-4baf4a227d81","التراكيب الاسمية في الأسلوب الأكاديمي","at-tarakib-al-ismiyya-al-akadimiyya",169,{"id":857,"title":858,"slug":859,"language":9,"level":749,"displayOrder":860},"01a14143-3e40-77f1-bb7a-7755cbab1c42","نقل الأقوال والموقف من المصدر","naql-al-aqwal",170,{"id":862,"title":863,"slug":864,"language":9,"level":749,"displayOrder":865},"01a14143-3c57-7c1f-8b9a-8756d4887bcd","التحفظ والاحتمال في الكتابة العلمية","at-tahaffuz-wa-al-ihtimal",171,{"id":867,"title":868,"slug":869,"language":9,"level":749,"displayOrder":870},"01a14143-3c25-7a59-a627-b67c7910d72c","الصياغة الإدارية والقانونية المعاصرة","as-siyagha-al-idariyya",172,{"id":872,"title":873,"slug":874,"language":9,"level":749,"displayOrder":875},"01a14143-3c44-7d7e-90e0-1fc38905a4b0","التعجب والمدح والذم","at-taajjub-wa-al-madh-wa-adh-dhamm",173,{"id":877,"title":878,"slug":879,"language":9,"level":880,"displayOrder":881},"01a14143-3bad-7aee-9881-8597330b4ca7","العدول بين الخبر والإنشاء وأثره","al-udul-bayna-al-khabar-wa-al-insha","C2",174,{"id":883,"title":884,"slug":885,"language":9,"level":880,"displayOrder":886},"01a14143-3ab4-7dd7-9c18-6cc240d60051","الالتفات وتحول الضمائر في النص الأدبي","al-iltifat",175,{"id":888,"title":889,"slug":890,"language":9,"level":880,"displayOrder":891},"01a14143-3a15-7344-a201-e498d909a359","الفصل والوصل في بناء النص","al-fasl-wa-al-wasl",176,{"id":893,"title":894,"slug":895,"language":9,"level":880,"displayOrder":896},"01a14143-3aa6-722a-abdf-92a2a36e1d46","الإيجاز والحذف وحدود استنتاج المعنى","al-ijaz-wa-al-hadhf",177,{"id":898,"title":899,"slug":900,"language":9,"level":880,"displayOrder":901},"01a14143-3c71-7c34-bc16-593c334a1d7b","التقديم للاختصاص والحصر في النص الأدبي","at-taqdim-li-al-ikhtisas",178,{"id":903,"title":904,"slug":905,"language":9,"level":880,"displayOrder":906},"01a14143-3abc-761f-b84c-ad57171015a8","الاشتغال في قراءة النصوص الفصيحة","al-ishtighal",179,{"id":908,"title":909,"slug":910,"language":9,"level":880,"displayOrder":911},"01a14143-3c64-7f80-acfc-fd896eb807e1","التنازع وتحديد العامل","at-tanazu",180,{"id":913,"title":914,"slug":915,"language":9,"level":880,"displayOrder":916},"01a14143-3aad-7870-aa38-609a1caf4bfe","الاختصاص والتحذير والإغراء","al-ikhtisas-wa-at-tahdhir",181,{"id":918,"title":919,"slug":920,"language":9,"level":880,"displayOrder":921},"01a14143-3b28-779d-9ba1-03923e51543e","المفعول معه والتمييز من العطف","al-maful-maahu",182,{"id":923,"title":924,"slug":925,"language":9,"level":880,"displayOrder":926},"01a14143-3e47-7385-8a7e-bc7d6f00153c","نون التوكيد ولام القسم في القراءة","nun-at-tawkid-wa-lam-al-qasam",183,{"id":928,"title":929,"slug":930,"language":9,"level":880,"displayOrder":931},"01a14143-3d1b-7b6f-b9f8-e3ec9b8920af","إن المخففة واللام الفارقة في النصوص","in-al-mukhaffafa",184,{"id":933,"title":934,"slug":935,"language":9,"level":880,"displayOrder":936},"01a14143-3db9-79a6-97b4-cb9a95ebdd33","لا ولات وإن المشبهة بليس في القراءة","la-wa-lata-wa-in",185,{"id":938,"title":939,"slug":940,"language":9,"level":880,"displayOrder":941},"01a14143-3cd7-752b-85f3-7fdcd9881ff7","ضمير الشأن والقصة وتفسيره","damir-ash-shan",186,{"id":943,"title":944,"slug":945,"language":9,"level":880,"displayOrder":946},"01a14143-3a5c-7452-9f79-57e7ae583138","الحذف في جملة الصلة وشروط فهمه","al-hadhf-fi-as-sila",187,{"id":948,"title":949,"slug":950,"language":9,"level":880,"displayOrder":951},"01a14143-3e73-7cbd-9916-78149163b2df","تعدد التحليل النحوي وأثره في المعنى","taaddud-at-tahlil-an-nahwi",188,{"id":953,"title":954,"slug":955,"language":9,"level":880,"displayOrder":956},"01a14143-3c7f-7adb-8468-77f42fa800a5","التراكيب التراثية في الاقتباس المعاصر","at-tarakib-at-turathiyya",189,{"id":415,"title":416,"slug":417,"seoDescription":958,"content":959,"language":9,"level":387,"displayOrder":418,"grammarTopics":960,"createdAt":965,"updatedAt":966,"vocabularyLists":967,"readyImages":997},"تعرّف تصريف الفعل المهموز في الماضي والمضارع والأمر، ومواضع الهمزة في جذره، وتغيّر كتابتها مع الضمائر، وحذفها في خذ وكل، والفرق بين اسأل وسل بأمثلة واضحة.","تتغيّر كتابة الهمزة أحيانًا عندما تصرّف الفعل: **قَرَأَ، قَرَأْتُ، يَقْرَؤُونَ**. ستتعلّم كيف تتعرّف الفعل المهموز، وتصرّفه في الماضي والمضارع والأمر، وتميّز تغيّر كتابة الهمزة من حذفها في صيغ محدّدة.\n\n## ١. ما الفعل المهموز؟\n\nالفعل المهموز هو الفعل الذي تكون الهمزة أحد حروفه الأصلية. وقد تأتي في أوّل الجذر أو وسطه أو آخره.\n\n| موضع الهمزة | الفعل | الحروف الأصلية |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| الأوّل | **أَخَذَ** | أ، خ، ذ |\n| الوسط | **سَأَلَ** | س، أ، ل |\n| الآخر | **قَرَأَ** | ق، ر، أ |\n\nلا يكفي أن ترى همزة في أوّل الفعل لتحكم بأنّه مهموز؛ ففي **أَكْتُبُ** الهمزة علامة المتكلّم، وليست من الجذر: ك، ت، ب.\n\n:::note\nالهمزة ليست حرف علّة. لذلك لا يُعَدّ الفعل معتلًّا لمجرّد وجود همزة أصلية فيه.\n:::\n\n## ٢. الماضي والمضارع مع الضمائر\n\nتُضاف إلى الفعل المهموز علامات التصريف المعتادة. تبقى الهمزة الأصلية في الأفعال الآتية، لكن صورتها الكتابية قد تتغيّر.\n\n| الضمير | أَخَذَ: الماضي والمضارع | سَأَلَ: الماضي والمضارع | قَرَأَ: الماضي والمضارع |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| هُوَ | أَخَذَ — يَأْخُذُ | سَأَلَ — يَسْأَلُ | قَرَأَ — يَقْرَأُ |\n| أَنَا | أَخَذْتُ — آخُذُ | سَأَلْتُ — أَسْأَلُ | قَرَأْتُ — أَقْرَأُ |\n| أَنْتِ | أَخَذْتِ — تَأْخُذِينَ | سَأَلْتِ — تَسْأَلِينَ | قَرَأْتِ — تَقْرَئِينَ |\n| هُمْ | أَخَذُوا — يَأْخُذُونَ | سَأَلُوا — يَسْأَلُونَ | قَرَؤُوا — يَقْرَؤُونَ |\n\nلاحظ صيغة المتكلّم **آخُذُ**. تُكتب الألف الممدودة **آ** عند اجتماع همزة المضارعة المفتوحة مع الهمزة الأصلية الساكنة. ومن ذلك أيضًا: **آكُلُ**، لا «أَأْكُلُ».\n\n:::example\n- أَنَا **آخُذُ** الْحَافِلَةَ كُلَّ صَبَاحٍ.\n- أَمْسِ **سَأَلْتُ** الْمُعَلِّمَ عَنْ مَعْنَى الْكَلِمَةِ.\n- أَنْتِ **تَقْرَئِينَ** قِصَّةً قَصِيرَةً.\n:::\n\n## ٣. لماذا تتغيّر كتابة الهمزة؟\n\nتغيّر الكرسي، أي الحرف الذي تُكتب عليه الهمزة، لا يعني تغيّر الجذر. فالهمزة في **قَرَأَ، قَرَؤُوا، تَقْرَئِينَ** هي الحرف الأصلي نفسه.\n\nفي أمثلة الهمزة المتوسّطة الآتية، نقارن حركة الهمزة بحركة الحرف السابق لها. الأقوى يحدّد الكرسي: **الكسرة، ثمّ الضمّة، ثمّ الفتحة**؛ والسكون أضعف منها.\n\n| الصيغة | سبب كتابة الهمزة |\n| --- | --- |\n| **يَسْأَلُ** | الهمزة مفتوحة، وما قبلها ساكن؛ فتُكتب على ألف. |\n| **يَقْرَؤُونَ** | الهمزة مضمومة، وما قبلها مفتوح؛ فتُكتب على واو. |\n| **تَقْرَئِينَ** | الهمزة مكسورة، وما قبلها مفتوح؛ فتُكتب على نبرة. |\n\nأمّا الهمزة المتطرّفة، أي التي تقع في آخر الكلمة، فتُكتب بحسب حركة الحرف السابق لها. لذلك نكتب **قَرَأَ** و**لَمْ يَقْرَأْ** على ألف؛ لأنّ الراء مفتوحة في الصيغتين.\n\n:::tip\nحدّد موضع الهمزة بعد التصريف، لا في الفعل الأصلي وحده. ففي **يَقْرَأُ** هي متطرّفة، وفي **يَقْرَؤُونَ** أصبحت متوسّطة.\n:::\n\n## ٤. الأمر: بقاء الهمزة وحذفها\n\nتبقى الهمزة الأصلية في كثير من صيغ الأمر، مثل **اِقْرَأْ** و**اِسْأَلْ**. أمّا **أَخَذَ** و**أَكَلَ** فتُحذف همزتهما في الأمر.\n\n| المخاطَب | الأمر من قَرَأَ | الأمر من أَخَذَ | الأمر من أَكَلَ |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| أَنْتَ | اِقْرَأْ | خُذْ | كُلْ |\n| أَنْتِ | اِقْرَئِي | خُذِي | كُلِي |\n| أَنْتُمْ | اِقْرَؤُوا | خُذُوا | كُلُوا |\n\nفي **اِقْرَأْ** و**اِسْأَلْ**، الألف الأولى همزة وصل نحتاج إليها عند البدء بالنطق، وليست من حروف الجذر. أمّا الهمزة الأصلية فتبقى داخل الصيغة.\n\nوللأمر من **سَأَلَ** صيغتان فصيحتان للمفرد المذكّر: **اِسْأَلْ** و**سَلْ**. يمكنك استعمال **اِسْأَلْ** في المواقف اليومية، وقد تقرأ أو تسمع **سَلْ** أيضًا.\n\n:::example\n- **خُذْ** هَذَا الْكِتَابَ، وَ**اقْرَأْ** الصَّفْحَةَ الْأُولَى.\n- يَا لَيْلَى، **كُلِي** قَبْلَ الْخُرُوجِ.\n- **اِسْأَلْ** مُوَظَّفَ الِاسْتِقْبَالِ عَنْ رَقْمِ الْغُرْفَةِ.\n:::\n\n:::warning\nحذف الهمزة في **خُذْ** و**كُلْ** ليس قاعدة لكلّ فعل مهموز. احفظ هاتين الصيغتين، ولا تحذف الهمزة من **اِقْرَأْ**.\n:::\n\n## ٥. الهمزة مع النصب والجزم\n\nوجود الهمزة لا يغيّر علامات الإعراب المعتادة. ففي **يَقْرَأُ**، تظهر الضمّة والفتحة والسكون على الهمزة نفسها.\n\n| الحالة | المثال |\n| --- | --- |\n| الرفع | هُوَ **يَقْرَأُ** الْكِتَابَ. |\n| النصب | لَنْ **يَقْرَأَ** الْكِتَابَ الْيَوْمَ. |\n| الجزم | لَمْ **يَقْرَأْ** الْكِتَابَ أَمْسِ. |\n\n:::warning\nالصواب: **لَمْ يَقْرَأْ**، لا «لَمْ يَقْرَ». الهمزة ليست حرف علّة يُحذف عند الجزم؛ بل تبقى، وتكون علامة الجزم هنا السكون.\n:::\n\n## ٦. خطوات للمراجعة\n\nعندما تصرّف فعلًا مهموزًا:\n\n1. حدّد حروفه الأصلية وموضع الهمزة فيها.\n2. أضف علامات الزمن والضمير المناسبة، ثمّ راجع كتابة الهمزة.\n3. تذكّر **آخُذُ** و**آكُلُ** مع المتكلّم.\n4. في الأمر، تذكّر **خُذْ** و**كُلْ**، والصيغتين المقبولتين **اِسْأَلْ** و**سَلْ**.\n5. لا تحذف الهمزة الأخيرة عند الجزم: **لَمْ يَقْرَأْ**.\n\nالخلاصة: **تغيّر كرسي الهمزة ليس حذفًا لها**؛ ففرّق بين **يَقْرَؤُونَ**، حيث بقيت الهمزة، و**خُذْ**، حيث حُذفت في صيغة الأمر.",[961],{"id":962,"name":416,"level":387,"language":9,"isCompleted":963,"completionPercentage":964,"totalExercises":26,"completedExercises":964},"01a14143-3917-7927-8345-5f948c77c8d3",false,0,"2026-10-15T20:31:27+00:00","2026-10-16T06:40:27+00:00",[968],{"id":969,"title":970,"vocabularyListWords":971,"isPublished":996},"01a14143-8f73-7b53-ac32-0b8a25b53759","أفعال مهموزة شائعة",[972,978,984,990],{"id":973,"vocabularyWord":974,"displayOrder":11},"01a14143-8f73-7bc3-ac32-0b8a25dbdcec",{"id":975,"word":976,"frequency":56,"level":10,"language":9,"partsOfSpeech":977,"audio":963},"01a14143-7169-7928-af58-c6fc80e261e6","أخذ",[],{"id":979,"vocabularyWord":980,"displayOrder":16},"01a14143-8f73-7c0f-ac32-0b8a26b54856",{"id":981,"word":982,"frequency":56,"level":10,"language":9,"partsOfSpeech":983,"audio":963},"01a14143-7210-7c5b-8623-17cb3d3d1aeb","أكل",[],{"id":985,"vocabularyWord":986,"displayOrder":21},"01a14143-8f73-7c53-ac32-0b8a26ba4528",{"id":987,"word":988,"frequency":46,"level":10,"language":9,"partsOfSpeech":989,"audio":963},"01a14143-7164-70fd-8501-692eb6998caf","سأل",[],{"id":991,"vocabularyWord":992,"displayOrder":26},"01a14143-8f73-7c8f-ac32-0b8a272b9937",{"id":993,"word":994,"frequency":46,"level":10,"language":9,"partsOfSpeech":995,"audio":963},"01a14143-7237-7a61-957f-e591c1b2a52b","قرأ",[],true,[],null,[1000,1009,1015,1022],{"@id":1001,"@type":1002,"id":1003,"grammarPage":1004,"title":1005,"instructions":1006,"displayOrder":964,"type":1007,"questionCount":66,"blankCount":66,"isCompleted":963,"ogImageUrl":1008},"\u002Fapi\u002Fgrammar_exercises\u002F01a14143-44c0-7f61-a2a4-215a8cbf90a3","GrammarExercise","01a14143-44c0-7f61-a2a4-215a8cbf90a3","\u002Fapi\u002Fgrammar_pages\u002F01a14143-3a21-7083-adc2-793143139c81","الهمزة الأصلية وتصريف الماضي والمضارع","اختر الإجابة التي تكمل الجملة أو الوصف بدقة، وانتبه إلى الضمير وكتابة الهمزة.","word_select","\u002Fuploads\u002Fimages\u002Fgpimg_fb0fb7fc-361c-45e4-941a-65384b5bed56_hero.webp?v=1792096290",{"@id":1010,"@type":1002,"id":1011,"grammarPage":1004,"title":1012,"instructions":1013,"displayOrder":11,"type":1007,"questionCount":66,"blankCount":66,"isCompleted":963,"ogImageUrl":1014},"\u002Fapi\u002Fgrammar_exercises\u002F01a14143-44da-7bae-9953-e31a12086be3","01a14143-44da-7bae-9953-e31a12086be3","الأمر وإعراب المضارع في الفعل المهموز","اختر الصيغة أو الوصف المناسب، وميز بقاء الهمزة من حذفها في الأمر والجزم.","\u002Fuploads\u002Fimages\u002Fgpimg_ab558f87-156a-4e78-a9e1-e4e2417eea8c_hero.webp?v=1792096290",{"@id":1016,"@type":1002,"id":1017,"grammarPage":1004,"title":1018,"instructions":1019,"displayOrder":16,"type":1020,"questionCount":26,"blankCount":964,"isCompleted":963,"ogImageUrl":1021},"\u002Fapi\u002Fgrammar_exercises\u002F01a14143-44f3-70c9-b0a6-d3ee2213e0b6","01a14143-44f3-70c9-b0a6-d3ee2213e0b6","الفعل المهموز: الجذر والضمير وكرسي الهمزة","اضغط على البطاقة، ثم على العمود المناسب. انتبه إلى الفعل في كل عبارة.","word_sort","\u002Fuploads\u002Fimages\u002Fgpimg_b333225e-82da-4db1-8f40-c3e5ecbb3ccf_hero.webp?v=1792096290",{"@id":1023,"@type":1002,"id":1024,"grammarPage":1004,"title":1025,"instructions":1026,"displayOrder":21,"type":1020,"questionCount":26,"blankCount":964,"isCompleted":963,"ogImageUrl":1027},"\u002Fapi\u002Fgrammar_exercises\u002F01a14143-44f9-7310-aa27-b67371716d91","01a14143-44f9-7310-aa27-b67371716d91","الفعل المهموز: الأمر والإعراب وموضع الهمزة","اضغط على كل بطاقة، ثم على عمودها. صنف الفعل وفق المعيار المحدد في كل لوحة.","\u002Fuploads\u002Fimages\u002Fgpimg_18950233-4b0a-453a-b345-36b1eb9d3345_hero.webp?v=1792096290",{"id":1003,"grammarPage":1004,"title":1005,"instructions":1006,"seoTitle":1029,"seoDescription":1030,"displayOrder":964,"type":1007,"questions":1031,"ogImageUrl":1008},"الفعل المهموز: اختيار صيغ الماضي والمضارع","تدرب على الفعل المهموز باختيار الإجابة المناسبة في جمل عن الطعام والعمل والقراءة، وميز الهمزة الأصلية من علامة المتكلم وراجع كتابتها مع الضمائر المختلفة.",[1032],{"id":1033,"sentenceTemplate":1034,"displayOrder":964,"explanation":1035,"exampleSentence":1036,"blanks":1037},"01a14143-44c1-7338-9303-22395b4e91bb","في «أَكْتُبُ رسالة»، الهمزة __1__.","جذر أَكْتُبُ هو ك، ت، ب؛ فالهمزة هنا علامة المتكلم في المضارع، ولا تجعل الفعل مهموزًا.","أَكْتُبُ قائمة المشتريات قبل الذهاب إلى السوق.",[1038],{"id":1039,"blankNumber":11,"options":1040},"01a14143-44c1-72b0-9303-22395b07c295",[1041,1044,1047],{"id":1042,"optionText":1043,"isCorrect":963,"displayOrder":964},"01a14143-44c1-71c0-9303-22395945ce86","أول حروف الجذر",{"id":1045,"optionText":1046,"isCorrect":996,"displayOrder":11},"01a14143-44c1-7220-9303-22395a10b1be","علامة المتكلم وليست من الجذر",{"id":1048,"optionText":1049,"isCorrect":963,"displayOrder":16},"01a14143-44c1-726c-9303-22395a904d94","حرف علة من الجذر",{"html":1051,"toc":1052},"\u003Cp>تتغيّر كتابة الهمزة أحيانًا عندما تصرّف الفعل: \u003Cstrong>قَرَأَ، قَرَأْتُ، يَقْرَؤُونَ\u003C\u002Fstrong>. ستتعلّم كيف تتعرّف الفعل المهموز، وتصرّفه في الماضي والمضارع والأمر، وتميّز تغيّر كتابة الهمزة من حذفها في صيغ محدّدة.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"section\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">1.\u003C\u002Fspan>١. ما الفعل المهموز؟\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>الفعل المهموز هو الفعل الذي تكون الهمزة أحد حروفه الأصلية. وقد تأتي في أوّل الجذر أو وسطه أو آخره.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ctable>\n\u003Cthead>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Cth>موضع الهمزة\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>الفعل\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>الحروف الأصلية\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Fthead>\n\u003Ctbody>\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>الأوّل\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>أَخَذَ\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>أ، خ، ذ\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>الوسط\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>سَأَلَ\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>س، أ، ل\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>الآخر\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>قَرَأَ\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>ق، ر، أ\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003Cp>لا يكفي أن ترى همزة في أوّل الفعل لتحكم بأنّه مهموز؛ ففي \u003Cstrong>أَكْتُبُ\u003C\u002Fstrong> الهمزة علامة المتكلّم، وليست من الجذر: ك، ت، ب.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"grammar-callout grammar-callout--note\">\u003Cp>الهمزة ليست حرف علّة. لذلك لا يُعَدّ الفعل معتلًّا لمجرّد وجود همزة أصلية فيه.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"section-2\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">2.\u003C\u002Fspan>٢. الماضي والمضارع مع الضمائر\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>تُضاف إلى الفعل المهموز علامات التصريف المعتادة. تبقى الهمزة الأصلية في الأفعال الآتية، لكن صورتها الكتابية قد تتغيّر.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ctable>\n\u003Cthead>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Cth>الضمير\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>أَخَذَ: الماضي والمضارع\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>سَأَلَ: الماضي والمضارع\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>قَرَأَ: الماضي والمضارع\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Fthead>\n\u003Ctbody>\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>هُوَ\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>أَخَذَ — يَأْخُذُ\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>سَأَلَ — يَسْأَلُ\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>قَرَأَ — يَقْرَأُ\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>أَنَا\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>أَخَذْتُ — آخُذُ\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>سَأَلْتُ — أَسْأَلُ\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>قَرَأْتُ — أَقْرَأُ\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>أَنْتِ\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>أَخَذْتِ — تَأْخُذِينَ\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>سَأَلْتِ — تَسْأَلِينَ\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>قَرَأْتِ — تَقْرَئِينَ\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>هُمْ\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>أَخَذُوا — يَأْخُذُونَ\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>سَأَلُوا — يَسْأَلُونَ\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>قَرَؤُوا — يَقْرَؤُونَ\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003Cp>لاحظ صيغة المتكلّم \u003Cstrong>آخُذُ\u003C\u002Fstrong>. تُكتب الألف الممدودة \u003Cstrong>آ\u003C\u002Fstrong> عند اجتماع همزة المضارعة المفتوحة مع الهمزة الأصلية الساكنة. ومن ذلك أيضًا: \u003Cstrong>آكُلُ\u003C\u002Fstrong>، لا «أَأْكُلُ».\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"grammar-callout grammar-callout--example\">\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>أَنَا \u003Cstrong>آخُذُ\u003C\u002Fstrong> الْحَافِلَةَ كُلَّ صَبَاحٍ.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>أَمْسِ \u003Cstrong>سَأَلْتُ\u003C\u002Fstrong> الْمُعَلِّمَ عَنْ مَعْنَى الْكَلِمَةِ.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>أَنْتِ \u003Cstrong>تَقْرَئِينَ\u003C\u002Fstrong> قِصَّةً قَصِيرَةً.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"section-3\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">3.\u003C\u002Fspan>٣. لماذا تتغيّر كتابة الهمزة؟\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>تغيّر الكرسي، أي الحرف الذي تُكتب عليه الهمزة، لا يعني تغيّر الجذر. فالهمزة في \u003Cstrong>قَرَأَ، قَرَؤُوا، تَقْرَئِينَ\u003C\u002Fstrong> هي الحرف الأصلي نفسه.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>في أمثلة الهمزة المتوسّطة الآتية، نقارن حركة الهمزة بحركة الحرف السابق لها. الأقوى يحدّد الكرسي: \u003Cstrong>الكسرة، ثمّ الضمّة، ثمّ الفتحة\u003C\u002Fstrong>؛ والسكون أضعف منها.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ctable>\n\u003Cthead>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Cth>الصيغة\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>سبب كتابة الهمزة\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Fthead>\n\u003Ctbody>\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>يَسْأَلُ\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>الهمزة مفتوحة، وما قبلها ساكن؛ فتُكتب على ألف.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>يَقْرَؤُونَ\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>الهمزة مضمومة، وما قبلها مفتوح؛ فتُكتب على واو.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>تَقْرَئِينَ\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>الهمزة مكسورة، وما قبلها مفتوح؛ فتُكتب على نبرة.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003Cp>أمّا الهمزة المتطرّفة، أي التي تقع في آخر الكلمة، فتُكتب بحسب حركة الحرف السابق لها. لذلك نكتب \u003Cstrong>قَرَأَ\u003C\u002Fstrong> و\u003Cstrong>لَمْ يَقْرَأْ\u003C\u002Fstrong> على ألف؛ لأنّ الراء مفتوحة في الصيغتين.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"grammar-callout grammar-callout--tip\">\u003Cp>حدّد موضع الهمزة بعد التصريف، لا في الفعل الأصلي وحده. ففي \u003Cstrong>يَقْرَأُ\u003C\u002Fstrong> هي متطرّفة، وفي \u003Cstrong>يَقْرَؤُونَ\u003C\u002Fstrong> أصبحت متوسّطة.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"section-4\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">4.\u003C\u002Fspan>٤. الأمر: بقاء الهمزة وحذفها\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>تبقى الهمزة الأصلية في كثير من صيغ الأمر، مثل \u003Cstrong>اِقْرَأْ\u003C\u002Fstrong> و\u003Cstrong>اِسْأَلْ\u003C\u002Fstrong>. أمّا \u003Cstrong>أَخَذَ\u003C\u002Fstrong> و\u003Cstrong>أَكَلَ\u003C\u002Fstrong> فتُحذف همزتهما في الأمر.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ctable>\n\u003Cthead>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Cth>المخاطَب\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>الأمر من قَرَأَ\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>الأمر من أَخَذَ\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>الأمر من أَكَلَ\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Fthead>\n\u003Ctbody>\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>أَنْتَ\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>اِقْرَأْ\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>خُذْ\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>كُلْ\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>أَنْتِ\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>اِقْرَئِي\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>خُذِي\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>كُلِي\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>أَنْتُمْ\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>اِقْرَؤُوا\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>خُذُوا\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>كُلُوا\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003Cp>في \u003Cstrong>اِقْرَأْ\u003C\u002Fstrong> و\u003Cstrong>اِسْأَلْ\u003C\u002Fstrong>، الألف الأولى همزة وصل نحتاج إليها عند البدء بالنطق، وليست من حروف الجذر. أمّا الهمزة الأصلية فتبقى داخل الصيغة.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>وللأمر من \u003Cstrong>سَأَلَ\u003C\u002Fstrong> صيغتان فصيحتان للمفرد المذكّر: \u003Cstrong>اِسْأَلْ\u003C\u002Fstrong> و\u003Cstrong>سَلْ\u003C\u002Fstrong>. يمكنك استعمال \u003Cstrong>اِسْأَلْ\u003C\u002Fstrong> في المواقف اليومية، وقد تقرأ أو تسمع \u003Cstrong>سَلْ\u003C\u002Fstrong> أيضًا.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"grammar-callout grammar-callout--example\">\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>خُذْ\u003C\u002Fstrong> هَذَا الْكِتَابَ، وَ\u003Cstrong>اقْرَأْ\u003C\u002Fstrong> الصَّفْحَةَ الْأُولَى.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>يَا لَيْلَى، \u003Cstrong>كُلِي\u003C\u002Fstrong> قَبْلَ الْخُرُوجِ.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>اِسْأَلْ\u003C\u002Fstrong> مُوَظَّفَ الِاسْتِقْبَالِ عَنْ رَقْمِ الْغُرْفَةِ.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"grammar-callout grammar-callout--warning\">\u003Cp>حذف الهمزة في \u003Cstrong>خُذْ\u003C\u002Fstrong> و\u003Cstrong>كُلْ\u003C\u002Fstrong> ليس قاعدة لكلّ فعل مهموز. احفظ هاتين الصيغتين، ولا تحذف الهمزة من \u003Cstrong>اِقْرَأْ\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"section-5\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">5.\u003C\u002Fspan>٥. الهمزة مع النصب والجزم\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>وجود الهمزة لا يغيّر علامات الإعراب المعتادة. ففي \u003Cstrong>يَقْرَأُ\u003C\u002Fstrong>، تظهر الضمّة والفتحة والسكون على الهمزة نفسها.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ctable>\n\u003Cthead>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Cth>الحالة\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>المثال\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Fthead>\n\u003Ctbody>\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>الرفع\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>هُوَ \u003Cstrong>يَقْرَأُ\u003C\u002Fstrong> الْكِتَابَ.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>النصب\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>لَنْ \u003Cstrong>يَقْرَأَ\u003C\u002Fstrong> الْكِتَابَ الْيَوْمَ.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>الجزم\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>لَمْ \u003Cstrong>يَقْرَأْ\u003C\u002Fstrong> الْكِتَابَ أَمْسِ.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"grammar-callout grammar-callout--warning\">\u003Cp>الصواب: \u003Cstrong>لَمْ يَقْرَأْ\u003C\u002Fstrong>، لا «لَمْ يَقْرَ». الهمزة ليست حرف علّة يُحذف عند الجزم؛ بل تبقى، وتكون علامة الجزم هنا السكون.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"section-6\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">6.\u003C\u002Fspan>٦. خطوات للمراجعة\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>عندما تصرّف فعلًا مهموزًا:\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Col>\n\u003Cli>حدّد حروفه الأصلية وموضع الهمزة فيها.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>أضف علامات الزمن والضمير المناسبة، ثمّ راجع كتابة الهمزة.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>تذكّر \u003Cstrong>آخُذُ\u003C\u002Fstrong> و\u003Cstrong>آكُلُ\u003C\u002Fstrong> مع المتكلّم.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>في الأمر، تذكّر \u003Cstrong>خُذْ\u003C\u002Fstrong> و\u003Cstrong>كُلْ\u003C\u002Fstrong>، والصيغتين المقبولتين \u003Cstrong>اِسْأَلْ\u003C\u002Fstrong> و\u003Cstrong>سَلْ\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>لا تحذف الهمزة الأخيرة عند الجزم: \u003Cstrong>لَمْ يَقْرَأْ\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Fol>\n\u003Cp>الخلاصة: \u003Cstrong>تغيّر كرسي الهمزة ليس حذفًا لها\u003C\u002Fstrong>؛ ففرّق بين \u003Cstrong>يَقْرَؤُونَ\u003C\u002Fstrong>، حيث بقيت الهمزة، و\u003Cstrong>خُذْ\u003C\u002Fstrong>، حيث حُذفت في صيغة الأمر.\u003C\u002Fp>\n",[1053,1057,1061,1065,1069,1073],{"id":1054,"text":1055,"depth":16,"number":1056},"section","١. ما الفعل المهموز؟","1",{"id":1058,"text":1059,"depth":16,"number":1060},"section-2","٢. الماضي والمضارع مع الضمائر","2",{"id":1062,"text":1063,"depth":16,"number":1064},"section-3","٣. لماذا تتغيّر كتابة الهمزة؟","3",{"id":1066,"text":1067,"depth":16,"number":1068},"section-4","٤. الأمر: بقاء الهمزة وحذفها","4",{"id":1070,"text":1071,"depth":16,"number":1072},"section-5","٥. الهمزة مع النصب والجزم","5",{"id":1074,"text":1075,"depth":16,"number":1076},"section-6","٦. خطوات للمراجعة","6"]