[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"grammar-page-ar-al-mudhakkar-wa-al-muannath":3,"grammar-exercises-by-page-01a14143-3b7d-7378-8468-3894d394edfd":181,"exercise-list-path-ar-none":197},{"id":4,"title":5,"slug":6,"seoDescription":7,"content":8,"language":9,"level":10,"displayOrder":11,"grammarTopics":12,"createdAt":19,"updatedAt":20,"vocabularyLists":21,"primaryTopicHub":178,"readyImages":180},"01a14143-3b7d-7378-8468-3894d394edfd","المذكر والمؤنث في الأسماء الشائعة","al-mudhakkar-wa-al-muannath","تمييز المذكر والمؤنث في الأسماء العربية الشائعة، واستعمال هذا وهذه، والتعرف على التاء المربوطة وأسماء مؤنثة بلا تاء، مع أمثلة بسيطة للأشخاص والأشياء.","## ١. مُذَكَّر أم مُؤَنَّث؟\n\nفي العربية، الاسم المفرد مُذَكَّر أو مُؤَنَّث. نقول: **هٰذَا كِتَابٌ**، و**هٰذِهِ حَقِيبَةٌ**. تتعلّم هنا كيف تميّز بينهما في أسماء شائعة للأشخاص والأشياء.\n\nللأشخاص، نستعمل أسماء مثل:\n\n- **أَبٌ** و**وَلَدٌ**: مُذَكَّر.\n- **أُمٌّ** و**بِنْتٌ**: مُؤَنَّث.\n\nوللأشياء أيضًا أسماء مُذَكَّرة وأسماء مُؤَنَّثة. احفظ الاسم مع **هٰذَا** أو **هٰذِهِ**.\n\n## ٢. هٰذَا وهٰذِهِ\n\nللإشارة إلى شخص أو شيء قريب، استعمل **هٰذَا** مع الاسم المفرد المُذَكَّر، و**هٰذِهِ** مع الاسم المفرد المُؤَنَّث.\n\n| المُذَكَّر | المُؤَنَّث |\n| --- | --- |\n| هٰذَا أَبٌ. | هٰذِهِ أُمٌّ. |\n| هٰذَا وَلَدٌ. | هٰذِهِ بِنْتٌ. |\n| هٰذَا كِتَابٌ. | هٰذِهِ حَقِيبَةٌ. |\n| هٰذَا بَابٌ. | هٰذِهِ نَافِذَةٌ. |\n\n:::example\nأنت في غرفة، وتشير إلى أشياء قريبة:\n\n- **هٰذَا** قَلَمٌ.\n- **هٰذِهِ** طَاوِلَةٌ.\n- **هٰذَا** كُرْسِيٌّ.\n- **هٰذِهِ** سَاعَةٌ.\n:::\n\n## ٣. التاء المربوطة علامة شائعة\n\nتنتهي أسماء مُؤَنَّثة كثيرة بالتاء المربوطة **ة \u002F ـة**، مثل: **سَيَّارَةٌ، مَدْرَسَةٌ، حَقِيبَةٌ**.\n\nوفي بعض أسماء الأشخاص، نضيف التاء المربوطة إلى اسم المُذَكَّر لنحصل على اسم المُؤَنَّث:\n\n| المُذَكَّر | المُؤَنَّث |\n| --- | --- |\n| طَالِبٌ | طَالِبَةٌ |\n| مُعَلِّمٌ | مُعَلِّمَةٌ |\n| طَبِيبٌ | طَبِيبَةٌ |\n\n:::example\n**هٰذَا طَبِيبٌ.** اسمه سامي.\n\n**هٰذِهِ طَبِيبَةٌ.** اسمها سارة.\n:::\n\n:::note\nالتاء المربوطة علامة شائعة، وليست قاعدة لكل الأسماء. **حَمْزَةُ** اسم رجل، مع أنه ينتهي بتاء مربوطة.\n:::\n\n## ٤. أسماء مُؤَنَّثة بلا تاء مربوطة\n\nبعض الأسماء مُؤَنَّثة، ولكنها لا تنتهي بتاء مربوطة. احفظ هذه الأسماء الشائعة مع **هٰذِهِ**:\n\n| الاسم | مثال |\n| --- | --- |\n| أُمٌّ | هٰذِهِ أُمِّي. |\n| بِنْتٌ | هٰذِهِ بِنْتٌ. |\n| يَدٌ | هٰذِهِ يَدِي. |\n| شَمْسٌ | هٰذِهِ شَمْسٌ. |\n\n:::warning\nلا تعتمد على آخر حرف فقط:\n\n✗ هٰذَا بِنْتٌ.\n\n✓ **هٰذِهِ بِنْتٌ.**\n\nكلمة **بِنْتٌ** مُؤَنَّثة، والتاء في آخرها تاء مفتوحة **ت**، لا تاء مربوطة **ة**.\n:::\n\n## ٥. تذكّر عند تعلّم اسم جديد\n\n1. احفظ الاسم مع **هٰذَا** أو **هٰذِهِ**: هٰذَا بَيْتٌ، هٰذِهِ غُرْفَةٌ.\n2. انتبه إلى **التاء المربوطة**؛ فهي علامة شائعة للمُؤَنَّث.\n3. احفظ الأسماء التي لا تتبع هذا الشكل، مثل **أُمٌّ** و**يَدٌ**.\n\n**هٰذَا** للمفرد المُذَكَّر، و**هٰذِهِ** للمفرد المُؤَنَّث. لا نضيف التاء المربوطة إلى كل اسم؛ بل نتعلّم شكل الاسم وجنسه 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