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الحجة","in-wa-idha-wa-law",163,{"id":827,"title":828,"slug":829,"language":9,"level":749,"displayOrder":830},"01a14143-3dab-75b2-905c-5ae1f553a468","كلما وأيا كان ومهما يكن","kullama-wa-ayyan-kana",164,{"id":832,"title":833,"slug":834,"language":9,"level":749,"displayOrder":835},"01a14143-3e28-7d8f-b568-b8ceeb0c8084","المصدر المؤول في مواقع نحوية متعددة","mawaqi-al-masdar-al-muawwal",165,{"id":837,"title":838,"slug":839,"language":9,"level":749,"displayOrder":840},"01a14143-3ad9-718b-9545-a30ed0b9b8de","الاعتراض والاستدراك في الجملة الطويلة","al-itirad-wa-al-istidrak",166,{"id":842,"title":843,"slug":844,"language":9,"level":749,"displayOrder":845},"01a14143-3ca9-7680-b00a-cde07f4af711","التقديم والتأخير وبؤرة المعلومة","bu-rat-al-maluma",167,{"id":847,"title":848,"slug":849,"language":9,"level":749,"displayOrder":850},"01a14143-3a63-70e7-b9a1-ed1134701ab0","الحذف واستعادة المحذوف من السياق","al-hadhf-fi-as-siyaq",168,{"id":852,"title":853,"slug":854,"language":9,"level":749,"displayOrder":855},"01a14143-3c78-7eaf-8db2-4baf4a227d81","التراكيب الاسمية في الأسلوب الأكاديمي","at-tarakib-al-ismiyya-al-akadimiyya",169,{"id":857,"title":858,"slug":859,"language":9,"level":749,"displayOrder":860},"01a14143-3e40-77f1-bb7a-7755cbab1c42","نقل الأقوال والموقف من المصدر","naql-al-aqwal",170,{"id":862,"title":863,"slug":864,"language":9,"level":749,"displayOrder":865},"01a14143-3c57-7c1f-8b9a-8756d4887bcd","التحفظ والاحتمال في الكتابة العلمية","at-tahaffuz-wa-al-ihtimal",171,{"id":867,"title":868,"slug":869,"language":9,"level":749,"displayOrder":870},"01a14143-3c25-7a59-a627-b67c7910d72c","الصياغة الإدارية والقانونية المعاصرة","as-siyagha-al-idariyya",172,{"id":872,"title":873,"slug":874,"language":9,"level":749,"displayOrder":875},"01a14143-3c44-7d7e-90e0-1fc38905a4b0","التعجب والمدح والذم","at-taajjub-wa-al-madh-wa-adh-dhamm",173,{"id":877,"title":878,"slug":879,"language":9,"level":880,"displayOrder":881},"01a14143-3bad-7aee-9881-8597330b4ca7","العدول بين الخبر والإنشاء وأثره","al-udul-bayna-al-khabar-wa-al-insha","C2",174,{"id":883,"title":884,"slug":885,"language":9,"level":880,"displayOrder":886},"01a14143-3ab4-7dd7-9c18-6cc240d60051","الالتفات وتحول الضمائر في النص الأدبي","al-iltifat",175,{"id":888,"title":889,"slug":890,"language":9,"level":880,"displayOrder":891},"01a14143-3a15-7344-a201-e498d909a359","الفصل والوصل في بناء النص","al-fasl-wa-al-wasl",176,{"id":893,"title":894,"slug":895,"language":9,"level":880,"displayOrder":896},"01a14143-3aa6-722a-abdf-92a2a36e1d46","الإيجاز والحذف وحدود استنتاج المعنى","al-ijaz-wa-al-hadhf",177,{"id":898,"title":899,"slug":900,"language":9,"level":880,"displayOrder":901},"01a14143-3c71-7c34-bc16-593c334a1d7b","التقديم للاختصاص والحصر في النص الأدبي","at-taqdim-li-al-ikhtisas",178,{"id":903,"title":904,"slug":905,"language":9,"level":880,"displayOrder":906},"01a14143-3abc-761f-b84c-ad57171015a8","الاشتغال في قراءة النصوص الفصيحة","al-ishtighal",179,{"id":908,"title":909,"slug":910,"language":9,"level":880,"displayOrder":911},"01a14143-3c64-7f80-acfc-fd896eb807e1","التنازع وتحديد العامل","at-tanazu",180,{"id":913,"title":914,"slug":915,"language":9,"level":880,"displayOrder":916},"01a14143-3aad-7870-aa38-609a1caf4bfe","الاختصاص والتحذير والإغراء","al-ikhtisas-wa-at-tahdhir",181,{"id":918,"title":919,"slug":920,"language":9,"level":880,"displayOrder":921},"01a14143-3b28-779d-9ba1-03923e51543e","المفعول معه والتمييز من العطف","al-maful-maahu",182,{"id":923,"title":924,"slug":925,"language":9,"level":880,"displayOrder":926},"01a14143-3e47-7385-8a7e-bc7d6f00153c","نون التوكيد ولام القسم في القراءة","nun-at-tawkid-wa-lam-al-qasam",183,{"id":928,"title":929,"slug":930,"language":9,"level":880,"displayOrder":931},"01a14143-3d1b-7b6f-b9f8-e3ec9b8920af","إن المخففة واللام الفارقة في النصوص","in-al-mukhaffafa",184,{"id":933,"title":934,"slug":935,"language":9,"level":880,"displayOrder":936},"01a14143-3db9-79a6-97b4-cb9a95ebdd33","لا ولات وإن المشبهة بليس في القراءة","la-wa-lata-wa-in",185,{"id":938,"title":939,"slug":940,"language":9,"level":880,"displayOrder":941},"01a14143-3cd7-752b-85f3-7fdcd9881ff7","ضمير الشأن والقصة وتفسيره","damir-ash-shan",186,{"id":943,"title":944,"slug":945,"language":9,"level":880,"displayOrder":946},"01a14143-3a5c-7452-9f79-57e7ae583138","الحذف في جملة الصلة وشروط فهمه","al-hadhf-fi-as-sila",187,{"id":948,"title":949,"slug":950,"language":9,"level":880,"displayOrder":951},"01a14143-3e73-7cbd-9916-78149163b2df","تعدد التحليل النحوي وأثره في المعنى","taaddud-at-tahlil-an-nahwi",188,{"id":953,"title":954,"slug":955,"language":9,"level":880,"displayOrder":956},"01a14143-3c7f-7adb-8468-77f42fa800a5","التراكيب التراثية في الاقتباس المعاصر","at-tarakib-at-turathiyya",189,{"id":455,"title":456,"slug":457,"seoDescription":958,"content":959,"language":9,"level":387,"displayOrder":458,"grammarTopics":960,"createdAt":966,"updatedAt":967,"vocabularyLists":968,"primaryTopicHub":1068,"readyImages":1070},"تعرّف تكوين اسم المفعول من الفعل الثلاثي وغير الثلاثي، وصيغ الأفعال المعتلة الشائعة، مع أمثلة توضّح معناه ومطابقته للاسم والفرق بينه وبين اسم الفاعل.","## ١. ما الذي يدلّ عليه اسم المفعول؟\n\nعندما تقول: «فَتَحَ الحارِسُ البابَ»، فالحارس هو الذي قام بالفعل، والباب هو الذي وقع عليه الفعل. لذلك تصف الباب بأنه **مَفْتُوحٌ**. هذه الكلمة اسم مفعول. ستتعلّم تكوينه من الفعل الثلاثي وغير الثلاثي، والتعرّف إلى بعض صِيَغه المعتلّة الشائعة، واستعماله مع الاسم المناسب.\n\n:::example\n- كَتَبَتْ سَلْمى الرِّسالَةَ. ← الرِّسالَةُ **مَكْتُوبَةٌ**.\n- حَفِظَ الطّالِبُ النَّصَّ. ← النَّصُّ **مَحْفُوظٌ**.\n\nتصف «مَكْتُوبَةٌ» الرسالة، لا سلمى، وتصف «مَحْفُوظٌ» النصّ، لا الطالب.\n:::\n\nلا يحدّد اسم المفعول زمنًا وحده؛ فقد يصف حالة حاضرة ناتجة عن فعل سابق: «البابُ مَفْتُوحٌ الآنَ».\n\n## ٢. من الفعل الثلاثي: وزن مَفْعُول\n\nنصوغ اسم المفعول من الفعل الثلاثي الصحيح، أي الذي تخلو حروفه الأصلية من حروف العلّة، على وزن **مَفْعُول**. نضع حروف الجذر مكان الفاء والعين واللام.\n\n| الفعل | الجذر | اسم المفعول |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| كَتَبَ | ك ت ب | **مَكْتُوبٌ** |\n| فَتَحَ | ف ت ح | **مَفْتُوحٌ** |\n| سَمِعَ | س م ع | **مَسْمُوعٌ** |\n| أَكَلَ | أ ك ل | **مَأْكُولٌ** |\n| رَدَّ | ر د د | **مَرْدُودٌ** |\n\nفي «رَدَّ» حرفان أصليّان متماثلان أُدغما، فظهرت الشدّة. وفي «مَرْدُود» يظهر الحرفان منفصلين، وبينهما الواو.\n\n:::tip\nابدأ بالجذر، لا بالشكل المكتوب للفعل وحده: جذر «رَدَّ» هو **ر د د**، ولذلك نقول **مَرْدُودٌ**.\n:::\n\n## ٣. صِيَغ شائعة من الأفعال المعتلّة\n\nفي بعض الأفعال الثلاثية المعتلّة، يتغيّر شكل الوزن بسبب حرف العلّة. تعرّف إلى هذه الأنماط الشائعة، ولا تُضِف حروف «مَفْعُول» آليًّا إلى صورة الماضي.\n\n| موضع حرف العلّة | الفعل ومضارعه | اسم المفعول |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| في أوّل الجذر | وَعَدَ ـ يَعِدُ | **مَوْعُودٌ** |\n| في وسط الجذر | قَالَ ـ يَقُولُ | **مَقُولٌ** |\n| في وسط الجذر | بَاعَ ـ يَبِيعُ | **مَبِيعٌ** |\n| في آخر الجذر | دَعَا ـ يَدْعُو | **مَدْعُوٌّ** |\n| في آخر الجذر | رَمَى ـ يَرْمِي | **مَرْمِيٌّ** |\n\nلاحظ بقاء الواو في «مَوْعُود»، والشدّة في آخر «مَدْعُوّ» و«مَرْمِيّ».\n\n:::example\n- أَنْتَ **مَدْعُوٌّ** إِلى العَشاءِ.\n- هذِهِ الأَوْراقُ **مَرْمِيَّةٌ** عَلَى الأَرْضِ.\n:::\n\n:::note\nهذه صِيَغ شائعة وليست قائمة بجميع أنماط الأفعال المعتلّة. إذا لم تعرف صيغة فعل معتلّ، فتحقّق منها في المعجم.\n:::\n\n## ٤. من غير الثلاثي: ميم مضمومة وفتح ما قبل الآخر\n\nلصياغة اسم المفعول من فعل غير ثلاثي، مثل «عَلَّمَ» أو «أَرْسَلَ»، اتّبع هذه الخطوات:\n\n1. ابدأ بالفعل المضارع.\n2. استبدل حرف المضارعة بميم مضمومة: **مُـ**.\n3. افتح الحرف الذي قبل الآخر.\n\n| الماضي | المضارع | اسم المفعول |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| عَلَّمَ | يُعَلِّمُ | **مُعَلَّمٌ** |\n| أَرْسَلَ | يُرْسِلُ | **مُرْسَلٌ** |\n| نَظَّمَ | يُنَظِّمُ | **مُنَظَّمٌ** |\n| اِسْتَعْمَلَ | يَسْتَعْمِلُ | **مُسْتَعْمَلٌ** |\n\nمثلًا: **يَسْتَعْمِلُ ← مُسْتَعْمَلٌ**؛ استبدلنا الياء بميم مضمومة، وفتحنا الميم التي قبل اللام.\n\n:::example\n- هذِهِ رِسالَةٌ **مُرْسَلَةٌ** مِنَ الجامِعَةِ.\n- اِشْتَرَيْتُ هاتِفًا **مُسْتَعْمَلًا**.\n- المَكْتَبُ **مُنَظَّمٌ**.\n:::\n\nوقد تتغيّر الصورة مع حروف العلّة: **أَقامَ ـ يُقِيمُ ـ مُقامٌ**. فنقول: «المَعْرِضُ مُقامٌ في المَدِينَةِ». الصيغة الصحيحة هنا «مُقامٌ»، لا «مُقْوَمٌ».\n\n## ٥. المطابقة والفرق عن اسم الفاعل\n\nعندما تستعمل اسم المفعول صفةً لاسم، أو خبرًا عنه في جملة بسيطة، انتبه إلى المطابقة:\n\n- المفرد المذكّر: بَابٌ **مَفْتُوحٌ**.\n- المفرد المؤنّث: نافِذَةٌ **مَفْتُوحَةٌ**.\n- المثنّى المذكّر: البابانِ **مَفْتُوحانِ**.\n- جمع المذكّر العاقل: الضُّيُوفُ **مَدْعُوُّونَ**.\n- جمع المؤنّث العاقل: الطّالِباتُ **مَدْعُوّاتٌ**.\n- جمع غير العاقل: الأَبْوابُ **مَفْتُوحَةٌ**؛ نعامله معاملة المفرد المؤنّث.\n\nأمّا الفرق في المعنى بين اسم الفاعل واسم المفعول، فيظهر في هذا المثال:\n\n:::example\nأَرْسَلَ سامِرٌ رِسالَةً.\n\n- سامِرٌ هو **المُرْسِلُ**: قام بالإرسال.\n- الرِّسالَةُ هي **المُرْسَلَةُ**: وقع عليها الإرسال.\n:::\n\n:::warning\nفي هذا الزوج، تغيّر حركة واحدة المعنى: **مُرْسِلٌ** بكسر السين اسم فاعل، و**مُرْسَلٌ** بفتح السين اسم مفعول. إذا أردت وصف الرسالة التي أرسلها سامر، فقل «رِسالَةٌ مُرْسَلَةٌ»، لا «رِسالَةٌ مُرْسِلَةٌ».\n:::\n\n## ٦. خلاصة الاختيار والتكوين\n\nقبل استعمال اسم المفعول، راجع هذه الأسئلة:\n\n1. هل تصف من قام بالفعل أم من وقع عليه الفعل؟ للثاني اختر اسم المفعول.\n2. هل الفعل ثلاثي صحيح؟ استعمل وزن **مَفْعُول**: كَتَبَ ← مَكْتُوبٌ.\n3. هل الفعل غير ثلاثي؟ ابدأ بالمضارع، ثم ضع ميمًا مضمومة وافتح ما قبل الآخر: يُرْسِلُ ← مُرْسَلٌ.\n4. هل فيه حرف علّة؟ راجع صورته الصحيحة، مثل **مَبِيعٌ** و**مَدْعُوٌّ** و**مُقامٌ**.\n5. هل طابقت الصيغة الاسم المقصود؟ رِسالَةٌ **مَكْتُوبَةٌ**، ورَسائِلُ **مَكْتُوبَةٌ**.\n\n:::note\nالتركيز هنا على التكوين والاستعمال الوصفي البسيط مع الأفعال المتعدّية، أي التي تأخذ مفعولًا به. أمّا عمل اسم المفعول في الجملة، أي تأثيره الإعرابي فيما بعده، فله أحكام أخرى لا ندرسها هنا.\n:::",[961],{"id":962,"name":963,"level":387,"language":9,"isCompleted":964,"completionPercentage":965,"totalExercises":71,"completedExercises":965},"01a14143-3922-7235-927e-948fa434dc2e","من الفعل إلى اسم الحدث وصاحبه وما وقع عليه",false,0,"2026-10-15T20:31:28+00:00","2026-10-16T06:40:27+00:00",[969],{"id":970,"title":971,"vocabularyListWords":972,"isPublished":1049},"01a14143-90cc-72db-a008-61cfef488dd0","صفات الشيء الذي وقع عليه 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grammar-callout--example\">\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>كَتَبَتْ سَلْمى الرِّسالَةَ. ← الرِّسالَةُ \u003Cstrong>مَكْتُوبَةٌ\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>حَفِظَ الطّالِبُ النَّصَّ. ← النَّصُّ \u003Cstrong>مَحْفُوظٌ\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>\n\u003Cp>تصف «مَكْتُوبَةٌ» الرسالة، لا سلمى، وتصف «مَحْفُوظٌ» النصّ، لا الطالب.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Cp>لا يحدّد اسم المفعول زمنًا وحده؛ فقد يصف حالة حاضرة ناتجة عن فعل سابق: «البابُ مَفْتُوحٌ الآنَ».\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"section-2\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">2.\u003C\u002Fspan>٢. من الفعل الثلاثي: وزن مَفْعُول\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>نصوغ اسم المفعول من الفعل الثلاثي الصحيح، أي الذي تخلو حروفه الأصلية من حروف العلّة، على وزن \u003Cstrong>مَفْعُول\u003C\u002Fstrong>. نضع حروف الجذر مكان الفاء والعين واللام.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ctable>\n\u003Cthead>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Cth>الفعل\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>الجذر\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>اسم المفعول\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Fthead>\n\u003Ctbody>\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>كَتَبَ\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>ك ت ب\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>مَكْتُوبٌ\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>فَتَحَ\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>ف ت ح\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>مَفْتُوحٌ\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>سَمِعَ\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>س م ع\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>مَسْمُوعٌ\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>أَكَلَ\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>أ ك ل\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>مَأْكُولٌ\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>رَدَّ\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>ر د د\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>مَرْدُودٌ\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003Cp>في «رَدَّ» حرفان أصليّان متماثلان أُدغما، فظهرت الشدّة. وفي «مَرْدُود» يظهر الحرفان منفصلين، وبينهما الواو.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"grammar-callout grammar-callout--tip\">\u003Cp>ابدأ بالجذر، لا بالشكل المكتوب للفعل وحده: جذر «رَدَّ» هو \u003Cstrong>ر د د\u003C\u002Fstrong>، ولذلك نقول \u003Cstrong>مَرْدُودٌ\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"section-3\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">3.\u003C\u002Fspan>٣. صِيَغ شائعة من الأفعال المعتلّة\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>في بعض الأفعال الثلاثية المعتلّة، يتغيّر شكل الوزن بسبب حرف العلّة. تعرّف إلى هذه الأنماط الشائعة، ولا تُضِف حروف «مَفْعُول» آليًّا إلى صورة الماضي.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ctable>\n\u003Cthead>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Cth>موضع حرف العلّة\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>الفعل ومضارعه\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>اسم المفعول\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Fthead>\n\u003Ctbody>\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>في أوّل الجذر\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>وَعَدَ ـ يَعِدُ\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>مَوْعُودٌ\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>في وسط الجذر\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>قَالَ ـ يَقُولُ\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>مَقُولٌ\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>في وسط الجذر\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>بَاعَ ـ يَبِيعُ\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>مَبِيعٌ\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>في آخر الجذر\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>دَعَا ـ يَدْعُو\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>مَدْعُوٌّ\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>في آخر الجذر\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>رَمَى ـ يَرْمِي\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>مَرْمِيٌّ\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003Cp>لاحظ بقاء الواو في «مَوْعُود»، والشدّة في آخر «مَدْعُوّ» و«مَرْمِيّ».\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"grammar-callout grammar-callout--example\">\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>أَنْتَ \u003Cstrong>مَدْعُوٌّ\u003C\u002Fstrong> إِلى العَشاءِ.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>هذِهِ الأَوْراقُ \u003Cstrong>مَرْمِيَّةٌ\u003C\u002Fstrong> عَلَى الأَرْضِ.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"grammar-callout grammar-callout--note\">\u003Cp>هذه صِيَغ شائعة وليست قائمة بجميع أنماط الأفعال المعتلّة. إذا لم تعرف صيغة فعل معتلّ، فتحقّق منها في المعجم.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"section-4\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">4.\u003C\u002Fspan>٤. من غير الثلاثي: ميم مضمومة وفتح ما قبل الآخر\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>لصياغة اسم المفعول من فعل غير ثلاثي، مثل «عَلَّمَ» أو «أَرْسَلَ»، اتّبع هذه الخطوات:\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Col>\n\u003Cli>ابدأ بالفعل المضارع.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>استبدل حرف المضارعة بميم مضمومة: \u003Cstrong>مُـ\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>افتح الحرف الذي قبل الآخر.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Fol>\n\u003Ctable>\n\u003Cthead>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Cth>الماضي\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>المضارع\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>اسم المفعول\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Fthead>\n\u003Ctbody>\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>عَلَّمَ\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>يُعَلِّمُ\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>مُعَلَّمٌ\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>أَرْسَلَ\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>يُرْسِلُ\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>مُرْسَلٌ\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>نَظَّمَ\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>يُنَظِّمُ\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>مُنَظَّمٌ\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>اِسْتَعْمَلَ\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>يَسْتَعْمِلُ\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>مُسْتَعْمَلٌ\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003Cp>مثلًا: \u003Cstrong>يَسْتَعْمِلُ ← مُسْتَعْمَلٌ\u003C\u002Fstrong>؛ استبدلنا الياء بميم مضمومة، وفتحنا الميم التي قبل اللام.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"grammar-callout grammar-callout--example\">\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>هذِهِ رِسالَةٌ \u003Cstrong>مُرْسَلَةٌ\u003C\u002Fstrong> مِنَ الجامِعَةِ.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>اِشْتَرَيْتُ هاتِفًا \u003Cstrong>مُسْتَعْمَلًا\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>المَكْتَبُ \u003Cstrong>مُنَظَّمٌ\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Cp>وقد تتغيّر الصورة مع حروف العلّة: \u003Cstrong>أَقامَ ـ يُقِيمُ ـ مُقامٌ\u003C\u002Fstrong>. فنقول: «المَعْرِضُ مُقامٌ في المَدِينَةِ». الصيغة الصحيحة هنا «مُقامٌ»، لا «مُقْوَمٌ».\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"section-5\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">5.\u003C\u002Fspan>٥. المطابقة والفرق عن اسم الفاعل\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>عندما تستعمل اسم المفعول صفةً لاسم، أو خبرًا عنه في جملة بسيطة، انتبه إلى المطابقة:\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>المفرد المذكّر: بَابٌ \u003Cstrong>مَفْتُوحٌ\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>المفرد المؤنّث: نافِذَةٌ \u003Cstrong>مَفْتُوحَةٌ\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>المثنّى المذكّر: البابانِ \u003Cstrong>مَفْتُوحانِ\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>جمع المذكّر العاقل: الضُّيُوفُ \u003Cstrong>مَدْعُوُّونَ\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>جمع المؤنّث العاقل: الطّالِباتُ \u003Cstrong>مَدْعُوّاتٌ\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>جمع غير العاقل: الأَبْوابُ \u003Cstrong>مَفْتُوحَةٌ\u003C\u002Fstrong>؛ نعامله معاملة المفرد المؤنّث.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>\n\u003Cp>أمّا الفرق في المعنى بين اسم الفاعل واسم المفعول، فيظهر في هذا المثال:\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"grammar-callout grammar-callout--example\">\u003Cp>أَرْسَلَ سامِرٌ رِسالَةً.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>سامِرٌ هو \u003Cstrong>المُرْسِلُ\u003C\u002Fstrong>: قام بالإرسال.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>الرِّسالَةُ هي \u003Cstrong>المُرْسَلَةُ\u003C\u002Fstrong>: وقع عليها الإرسال.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"grammar-callout grammar-callout--warning\">\u003Cp>في هذا الزوج، تغيّر حركة واحدة المعنى: \u003Cstrong>مُرْسِلٌ\u003C\u002Fstrong> بكسر السين اسم فاعل، و\u003Cstrong>مُرْسَلٌ\u003C\u002Fstrong> بفتح السين اسم مفعول. إذا أردت وصف الرسالة التي أرسلها سامر، فقل «رِسالَةٌ مُرْسَلَةٌ»، لا «رِسالَةٌ مُرْسِلَةٌ».\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"section-6\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">6.\u003C\u002Fspan>٦. خلاصة الاختيار والتكوين\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>قبل استعمال اسم المفعول، راجع هذه الأسئلة:\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Col>\n\u003Cli>هل تصف من قام بالفعل أم من وقع عليه الفعل؟ للثاني اختر اسم المفعول.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>هل الفعل ثلاثي صحيح؟ استعمل وزن \u003Cstrong>مَفْعُول\u003C\u002Fstrong>: كَتَبَ ← مَكْتُوبٌ.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>هل الفعل غير ثلاثي؟ ابدأ بالمضارع، ثم ضع ميمًا مضمومة وافتح ما قبل الآخر: يُرْسِلُ ← مُرْسَلٌ.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>هل فيه حرف علّة؟ راجع صورته الصحيحة، مثل \u003Cstrong>مَبِيعٌ\u003C\u002Fstrong> و\u003Cstrong>مَدْعُوٌّ\u003C\u002Fstrong> و\u003Cstrong>مُقامٌ\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>هل طابقت الصيغة الاسم المقصود؟ رِسالَةٌ \u003Cstrong>مَكْتُوبَةٌ\u003C\u002Fstrong>، ورَسائِلُ \u003Cstrong>مَكْتُوبَةٌ\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Fol>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"grammar-callout grammar-callout--note\">\u003Cp>التركيز هنا على التكوين والاستعمال الوصفي البسيط مع الأفعال المتعدّية، أي التي تأخذ مفعولًا به. أمّا عمل اسم المفعول في الجملة، أي تأثيره الإعرابي فيما بعده، فله أحكام أخرى لا ندرسها هنا.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n",[1179,1183,1187,1191,1195,1199],{"id":1180,"text":1181,"depth":16,"number":1182},"section","١. ما الذي يدلّ عليه اسم المفعول؟","1",{"id":1184,"text":1185,"depth":16,"number":1186},"section-2","٢. من الفعل الثلاثي: وزن مَفْعُول","2",{"id":1188,"text":1189,"depth":16,"number":1190},"section-3","٣. صِيَغ شائعة من الأفعال المعتلّة","3",{"id":1192,"text":1193,"depth":16,"number":1194},"section-4","٤. من غير الثلاثي: ميم مضمومة وفتح ما قبل الآخر","4",{"id":1196,"text":1197,"depth":16,"number":1198},"section-5","٥. المطابقة والفرق عن اسم الفاعل","5",{"id":1200,"text":1201,"depth":16,"number":1202},"section-6","٦. خلاصة الاختيار والتكوين","6"]