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الحجة","in-wa-idha-wa-law",163,{"id":827,"title":828,"slug":829,"language":9,"level":749,"displayOrder":830},"01a14143-3dab-75b2-905c-5ae1f553a468","كلما وأيا كان ومهما يكن","kullama-wa-ayyan-kana",164,{"id":832,"title":833,"slug":834,"language":9,"level":749,"displayOrder":835},"01a14143-3e28-7d8f-b568-b8ceeb0c8084","المصدر المؤول في مواقع نحوية متعددة","mawaqi-al-masdar-al-muawwal",165,{"id":837,"title":838,"slug":839,"language":9,"level":749,"displayOrder":840},"01a14143-3ad9-718b-9545-a30ed0b9b8de","الاعتراض والاستدراك في الجملة الطويلة","al-itirad-wa-al-istidrak",166,{"id":842,"title":843,"slug":844,"language":9,"level":749,"displayOrder":845},"01a14143-3ca9-7680-b00a-cde07f4af711","التقديم والتأخير وبؤرة المعلومة","bu-rat-al-maluma",167,{"id":847,"title":848,"slug":849,"language":9,"level":749,"displayOrder":850},"01a14143-3a63-70e7-b9a1-ed1134701ab0","الحذف واستعادة المحذوف من 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بالفعل، يبقى الفعل **مفردًا**، ولو كان الاسم مثنّى أو جمعًا.\n\nفي الأمثلة الآتية، نستعمل الفعل المذكّر مع المذكّر، والمؤنّث مع المؤنّث:\n\n:::example\n- **وَصَلَ** الطَّالِبُ.\n- **وَصَلَ** الطَّالِبَانِ.\n- **وَصَلَ** الطُّلَّابُ.\n- **وَصَلَتِ** الطَّالِبَةُ.\n- **وَصَلَتِ** الطَّالِبَتَانِ.\n- **وَصَلَتِ** الطَّالِبَاتُ.\n:::\n\nلاحظ أنّ **وَصَلَ** لم يتغيّر مع عدد الطلّاب، وأنّ **وَصَلَتْ** لم يتغيّر مع عدد الطالبات.\n\n## ٣. عندما يأتي الاسم أوّلًا\n\nإذا بدأت باسم شخص أو أشخاص، طابقه الفعل في **الجنس والعدد**. قارن الترتيبين:\n\n| الاسم | الفعل قبل الاسم | الاسم قبل الفعل |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| مفرد مذكّر | **وَصَلَ** الطَّالِبُ. | الطَّالِبُ **وَصَلَ**. |\n| مثنّى مذكّر | **وَصَلَ** الطَّالِبَانِ. | الطَّالِبَانِ **وَصَلَا**. |\n| جمع مذكّر | **وَصَلَ** الطُّلَّابُ. | الطُّلَّابُ **وَصَلُوا**. |\n| مفرد مؤنّث | **وَصَلَتِ** الطَّالِبَةُ. | الطَّالِبَةُ **وَصَلَتْ**. |\n| مثنّى مؤنّث | **وَصَلَتِ** الطَّالِبَتَانِ. | الطَّالِبَتَانِ **وَصَلَتَا**. |\n| جمع مؤنّث | **وَصَلَتِ** الطَّالِبَاتُ. | الطَّالِبَاتُ **وَصَلْنَ**. |\n\nفي **الطُّلَّابُ وَصَلُوا**، تدلّ الواو في الفعل على الطلّاب، ولذلك يظهر الجمع في الفعل.\n\n:::tip\nمع المفرد، لا تتغيّر صيغة الفعل عند تغيير الترتيب: **وَصَلَ الطَّالِبُ** و**الطَّالِبُ وَصَلَ**. يظهر الفرق مع المثنّى والجمع.\n:::\n\n## ٤. المطابقة في المضارع أيضًا\n\nلا تختصّ هذه القاعدة بالماضي. في المضارع أيضًا، يبقى الفعل مفردًا إذا سبق الاسم، ويطابق اسم الأشخاص في العدد إذا جاء بعده.\n\n:::example\n- **يَلْعَبُ** الْوَلَدَانِ فِي الْحَدِيقَةِ. ← الْوَلَدَانِ **يَلْعَبَانِ** فِي الْحَدِيقَةِ.\n- **يَلْعَبُ** الْأَوْلَادُ فِي الْحَدِيقَةِ. ← الْأَوْلَادُ **يَلْعَبُونَ** فِي الْحَدِيقَةِ.\n- **تَلْعَبُ** الْبِنْتَانِ فِي الْحَدِيقَةِ. ← الْبِنْتَانِ **تَلْعَبَانِ** فِي الْحَدِيقَةِ.\n- **تَلْعَبُ** الْبَنَاتُ فِي الْحَدِيقَةِ. ← الْبَنَاتُ **يَلْعَبْنَ** فِي الْحَدِيقَةِ.\n:::\n\n:::note\nتذكّر قاعدة جمع غير العاقل: نعامله معاملة المفرد المؤنّث في هذه الأمثلة، حتّى إذا جاء قبل الفعل:\n\n**وَصَلَتِ** السَّيَّارَاتُ. ← السَّيَّارَاتُ **وَصَلَتْ**.\n\n**تَقِفُ** السَّيَّارَاتُ هُنَا. ← السَّيَّارَاتُ **تَقِفُ** هُنَا.\n\nلا تطبّق عليه صيغة جمع الأشخاص في الجدول.\n:::\n\n## ٥. راجع الترتيب قبل اختيار الفعل\n\n:::warning\nفي العربية الفصحى المعاصرة، عندما تبدأ بالفعل ويأتي بعده اسم جمع يدلّ على الفاعل، استعمل الفعل المفرد:\n\n✓ **حَضَرَ الْمُعَلِّمُونَ**.\n\nوإذا بدأت بالاسم، استعمل صيغة الجمع:\n\n✓ **الْمُعَلِّمُونَ حَضَرُوا**.\n\nلا تجمع بين الصيغتين فتقول في هذا التركيب: **حَضَرُوا الْمُعَلِّمُونَ**.\n:::\n\nعند بناء جملة جديدة:\n\n1. حدّد موقع الفعل: هل هو قبل الاسم أم بعده؟\n2. إذا كان قبل الاسم، فاستعمل صيغة المفرد، مع مراعاة التذكير والتأنيث.\n3. إذا كان بعد اسم الأشخاص، فطابق الاسم في الجنس والعدد.\n4. إذا كان الاسم جمعًا لغير العاقل، فتذكّر معاملة المفرد المؤنّث.\n\nللتذكّر: **وَصَلَ الطُّلَّابُ**، لكن **الطُّلَّابُ 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لتكوين جملة صحيحة في الفصحى المعاصرة. توجد كلمة زائدة في كل سؤال؛ انتبه إلى ترتيب الفعل والاسم والمطابقة بينهما.","sentence_builder","\u002Fuploads\u002Fimages\u002Fgpimg_59dfad21-ef1c-4779-86a9-41b81f817a3e_hero.webp?v=1792096299",{"@id":995,"@type":974,"id":996,"grammarPage":976,"title":997,"instructions":991,"displayOrder":21,"type":992,"questionCount":56,"blankCount":56,"isCompleted":964,"ogImageUrl":998},"\u002Fapi\u002Fgrammar_exercises\u002F01a14143-6b30-726c-9b77-c7366c0d6e9c","01a14143-6b30-726c-9b77-c7366c0d6e9c","مطابقة المضارع: التعلّم والأنشطة","\u002Fuploads\u002Fimages\u002Fgpimg_e184eae8-c906-412c-b62c-ca99fdd7b903_hero.webp?v=1792096299",{"@id":1000,"@type":974,"id":1001,"grammarPage":976,"title":1002,"instructions":1003,"displayOrder":26,"type":1004,"questionCount":26,"blankCount":965,"isCompleted":964,"ogImageUrl":1005},"\u002Fapi\u002Fgrammar_exercises\u002F01a14143-6b40-7706-b12e-15a88a979c16","01a14143-6b40-7706-b12e-15a88a979c16","مطابقة الماضي: صيغ الأفعال وترتيب الكلمات","اضغط على البطاقة ثم على العمود المناسب. انتبه إلى صيغة الفعل، لا إلى عدد الأشخاص وحده.","word_sort","\u002Fuploads\u002Fimages\u002Fgpimg_d24b477e-436a-4ede-afe8-4efe72533621_hero.webp?v=1792096299",{"@id":1007,"@type":974,"id":1008,"grammarPage":976,"title":1009,"instructions":1010,"displayOrder":31,"type":1004,"questionCount":26,"blankCount":965,"isCompleted":964,"ogImageUrl":1011},"\u002Fapi\u002Fgrammar_exercises\u002F01a14143-6b46-7568-a2a8-1252ba19e83f","01a14143-6b46-7568-a2a8-1252ba19e83f","مطابقة المضارع: ماذا يتغير عند تقديم الاسم؟","اضغط على البطاقة ثم على العمود المناسب. تخيّل الترتيب المطلوب في كل لوحة قبل اختيار العمود.","\u002Fuploads\u002Fimages\u002Fgpimg_d36bd72c-40c2-41a4-a8b7-67066db34e29_hero.webp?v=1792096299",{"id":975,"grammarPage":976,"title":977,"instructions":978,"seoTitle":1013,"seoDescription":1014,"displayOrder":965,"type":979,"questions":1015,"ogImageUrl":980},"مطابقة الفعل الماضي مع الفاعل بحسب الترتيب","تدرّب على مطابقة الفعل الماضي مع الفاعل باختيار الصيغة المناسبة في جمل عن البيت والعمل والزيارات، مع المفرد والمثنى والجمع وتغيير ترتيب الاسم والفعل.",[1016],{"id":1017,"sentenceTemplate":1018,"displayOrder":965,"explanation":1019,"exampleSentence":1020,"blanks":1021},"01a14143-6af9-755a-9e4e-a22ff516f5d6","__1__ الموظفان التقرير أمس.","الفعل يسبق الاسم الظاهر «الموظفان»، فيبقى مفردًا مذكرًا، ولا يأخذ علامة المثنى أو الجمع.","رَسَمَ الطفلان شجرة في الدفتر.",[1022],{"id":1023,"blankNumber":11,"options":1024},"01a14143-6af9-750e-9e4e-a22ff4cab15d",[1025,1028,1032],{"id":1026,"optionText":1027,"isCorrect":964,"displayOrder":965},"01a14143-6af9-7482-9e4e-a22ff3af8fa8","كَتَبَا",{"id":1029,"optionText":1030,"isCorrect":1031,"displayOrder":11},"01a14143-6af9-74be-9e4e-a22ff3c3d270","كَتَبَ",true,{"id":1033,"optionText":1034,"isCorrect":964,"displayOrder":16},"01a14143-6af9-74ea-9e4e-a22ff454f61f","كَتَبُوا",{"html":1036,"toc":1037},"\u003Ch2 id=\"section\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">1.\u003C\u002Fspan>١. ترتيب الاسم والفعل\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>يمكن أن تقول: \u003Cstrong>وَصَلَ الطُّلَّابُ\u003C\u002Fstrong> أو \u003Cstrong>الطُّلَّابُ وَصَلُوا\u003C\u002Fstrong>. المعنى الأساسي واحد، لكنّ صيغة الفعل تتغيّر مع ترتيب الكلمات. ستتعلّم كيف تختار الفعل مع اسم مفرد أو مثنّى أو جمع، في الماضي والمضارع.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>المطابقة هي موافقة الفعل للاسم في التذكير والتأنيث، وفي الإفراد والتثنية والجمع بحسب الترتيب.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"section-2\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">2.\u003C\u002Fspan>٢. عندما يأتي الفعل أوّلًا\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>إذا جاء الفعل قبل الاسم الظاهر الذي يدلّ على من قام بالفعل، يبقى الفعل \u003Cstrong>مفردًا\u003C\u002Fstrong>، ولو كان الاسم مثنّى أو جمعًا.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>في الأمثلة الآتية، نستعمل الفعل المذكّر مع المذكّر، والمؤنّث مع المؤنّث:\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"grammar-callout grammar-callout--example\">\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>وَصَلَ\u003C\u002Fstrong> الطَّالِبُ.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>وَصَلَ\u003C\u002Fstrong> الطَّالِبَانِ.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>وَصَلَ\u003C\u002Fstrong> الطُّلَّابُ.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>وَصَلَتِ\u003C\u002Fstrong> الطَّالِبَةُ.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>وَصَلَتِ\u003C\u002Fstrong> الطَّالِبَتَانِ.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>وَصَلَتِ\u003C\u002Fstrong> الطَّالِبَاتُ.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Cp>لاحظ أنّ \u003Cstrong>وَصَلَ\u003C\u002Fstrong> لم يتغيّر مع عدد الطلّاب، وأنّ \u003Cstrong>وَصَلَتْ\u003C\u002Fstrong> لم يتغيّر مع عدد الطالبات.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"section-3\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">3.\u003C\u002Fspan>٣. عندما يأتي الاسم أوّلًا\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>إذا بدأت باسم شخص أو أشخاص، طابقه الفعل في \u003Cstrong>الجنس والعدد\u003C\u002Fstrong>. قارن الترتيبين:\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ctable>\n\u003Cthead>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Cth>الاسم\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>الفعل قبل الاسم\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>الاسم قبل الفعل\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Fthead>\n\u003Ctbody>\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>مفرد مذكّر\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>وَصَلَ\u003C\u002Fstrong> الطَّالِبُ.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>الطَّالِبُ \u003Cstrong>وَصَلَ\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>مثنّى مذكّر\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>وَصَلَ\u003C\u002Fstrong> الطَّالِبَانِ.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>الطَّالِبَانِ \u003Cstrong>وَصَلَا\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>جمع مذكّر\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>وَصَلَ\u003C\u002Fstrong> الطُّلَّابُ.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>الطُّلَّابُ \u003Cstrong>وَصَلُوا\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>مفرد مؤنّث\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>وَصَلَتِ\u003C\u002Fstrong> الطَّالِبَةُ.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>الطَّالِبَةُ \u003Cstrong>وَصَلَتْ\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>مثنّى مؤنّث\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>وَصَلَتِ\u003C\u002Fstrong> الطَّالِبَتَانِ.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>الطَّالِبَتَانِ \u003Cstrong>وَصَلَتَا\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>جمع مؤنّث\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>وَصَلَتِ\u003C\u002Fstrong> الطَّالِبَاتُ.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>الطَّالِبَاتُ \u003Cstrong>وَصَلْنَ\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003Cp>في \u003Cstrong>الطُّلَّابُ وَصَلُوا\u003C\u002Fstrong>، تدلّ الواو في الفعل على الطلّاب، ولذلك يظهر الجمع في الفعل.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"grammar-callout grammar-callout--tip\">\u003Cp>مع المفرد، لا تتغيّر صيغة الفعل عند تغيير الترتيب: \u003Cstrong>وَصَلَ الطَّالِبُ\u003C\u002Fstrong> و\u003Cstrong>الطَّالِبُ وَصَلَ\u003C\u002Fstrong>. يظهر الفرق مع المثنّى والجمع.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"section-4\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">4.\u003C\u002Fspan>٤. المطابقة في المضارع أيضًا\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>لا تختصّ هذه القاعدة بالماضي. في المضارع أيضًا، يبقى الفعل مفردًا إذا سبق الاسم، ويطابق اسم الأشخاص في العدد إذا جاء بعده.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"grammar-callout grammar-callout--example\">\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>يَلْعَبُ\u003C\u002Fstrong> الْوَلَدَانِ فِي الْحَدِيقَةِ. ← الْوَلَدَانِ \u003Cstrong>يَلْعَبَانِ\u003C\u002Fstrong> فِي الْحَدِيقَةِ.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>يَلْعَبُ\u003C\u002Fstrong> الْأَوْلَادُ فِي الْحَدِيقَةِ. ← الْأَوْلَادُ \u003Cstrong>يَلْعَبُونَ\u003C\u002Fstrong> فِي الْحَدِيقَةِ.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>تَلْعَبُ\u003C\u002Fstrong> الْبِنْتَانِ فِي الْحَدِيقَةِ. ← الْبِنْتَانِ \u003Cstrong>تَلْعَبَانِ\u003C\u002Fstrong> فِي الْحَدِيقَةِ.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>تَلْعَبُ\u003C\u002Fstrong> الْبَنَاتُ فِي الْحَدِيقَةِ. ← الْبَنَاتُ \u003Cstrong>يَلْعَبْنَ\u003C\u002Fstrong> فِي الْحَدِيقَةِ.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"grammar-callout grammar-callout--note\">\u003Cp>تذكّر قاعدة جمع غير العاقل: نعامله معاملة المفرد المؤنّث في هذه الأمثلة، حتّى إذا جاء قبل الفعل:\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>وَصَلَتِ\u003C\u002Fstrong> السَّيَّارَاتُ. ← السَّيَّارَاتُ \u003Cstrong>وَصَلَتْ\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>تَقِفُ\u003C\u002Fstrong> السَّيَّارَاتُ هُنَا. ← السَّيَّارَاتُ \u003Cstrong>تَقِفُ\u003C\u002Fstrong> هُنَا.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>لا تطبّق عليه صيغة جمع الأشخاص في الجدول.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"section-5\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">5.\u003C\u002Fspan>٥. راجع الترتيب قبل اختيار الفعل\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"grammar-callout grammar-callout--warning\">\u003Cp>في العربية الفصحى المعاصرة، عندما تبدأ بالفعل ويأتي بعده اسم جمع يدلّ على الفاعل، استعمل الفعل المفرد:\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>✓ \u003Cstrong>حَضَرَ الْمُعَلِّمُونَ\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>وإذا بدأت بالاسم، استعمل صيغة الجمع:\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>✓ \u003Cstrong>الْمُعَلِّمُونَ حَضَرُوا\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>لا تجمع بين الصيغتين فتقول في هذا التركيب: \u003Cstrong>حَضَرُوا الْمُعَلِّمُونَ\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Cp>عند بناء جملة جديدة:\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Col>\n\u003Cli>حدّد موقع الفعل: هل هو قبل الاسم أم بعده؟\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>إذا كان قبل الاسم، فاستعمل صيغة المفرد، مع مراعاة التذكير والتأنيث.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>إذا كان بعد اسم الأشخاص، فطابق الاسم في الجنس والعدد.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>إذا كان الاسم جمعًا لغير العاقل، فتذكّر معاملة المفرد المؤنّث.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Fol>\n\u003Cp>للتذكّر: \u003Cstrong>وَصَلَ الطُّلَّابُ\u003C\u002Fstrong>، لكن \u003Cstrong>الطُّلَّابُ وَصَلُوا\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\u003C\u002Fp>\n",[1038,1042,1046,1050,1054],{"id":1039,"text":1040,"depth":16,"number":1041},"section","١. ترتيب الاسم والفعل","1",{"id":1043,"text":1044,"depth":16,"number":1045},"section-2","٢. عندما يأتي الفعل أوّلًا","2",{"id":1047,"text":1048,"depth":16,"number":1049},"section-3","٣. عندما يأتي الاسم أوّلًا","3",{"id":1051,"text":1052,"depth":16,"number":1053},"section-4","٤. المطابقة في المضارع أيضًا","4",{"id":1055,"text":1056,"depth":16,"number":1057},"section-5","٥. راجع الترتيب قبل اختيار الفعل","5"]