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الحجة","in-wa-idha-wa-law",163,{"id":827,"title":828,"slug":829,"language":9,"level":749,"displayOrder":830},"01a14143-3dab-75b2-905c-5ae1f553a468","كلما وأيا كان ومهما يكن","kullama-wa-ayyan-kana",164,{"id":832,"title":833,"slug":834,"language":9,"level":749,"displayOrder":835},"01a14143-3e28-7d8f-b568-b8ceeb0c8084","المصدر المؤول في مواقع نحوية متعددة","mawaqi-al-masdar-al-muawwal",165,{"id":837,"title":838,"slug":839,"language":9,"level":749,"displayOrder":840},"01a14143-3ad9-718b-9545-a30ed0b9b8de","الاعتراض والاستدراك في الجملة الطويلة","al-itirad-wa-al-istidrak",166,{"id":842,"title":843,"slug":844,"language":9,"level":749,"displayOrder":845},"01a14143-3ca9-7680-b00a-cde07f4af711","التقديم والتأخير وبؤرة المعلومة","bu-rat-al-maluma",167,{"id":847,"title":848,"slug":849,"language":9,"level":749,"displayOrder":850},"01a14143-3a63-70e7-b9a1-ed1134701ab0","الحذف واستعادة المحذوف من السياق","al-hadhf-fi-as-siyaq",168,{"id":852,"title":853,"slug":854,"language":9,"level":749,"displayOrder":855},"01a14143-3c78-7eaf-8db2-4baf4a227d81","التراكيب الاسمية في الأسلوب الأكاديمي","at-tarakib-al-ismiyya-al-akadimiyya",169,{"id":857,"title":858,"slug":859,"language":9,"level":749,"displayOrder":860},"01a14143-3e40-77f1-bb7a-7755cbab1c42","نقل الأقوال والموقف من المصدر","naql-al-aqwal",170,{"id":862,"title":863,"slug":864,"language":9,"level":749,"displayOrder":865},"01a14143-3c57-7c1f-8b9a-8756d4887bcd","التحفظ والاحتمال في الكتابة العلمية","at-tahaffuz-wa-al-ihtimal",171,{"id":867,"title":868,"slug":869,"language":9,"level":749,"displayOrder":870},"01a14143-3c25-7a59-a627-b67c7910d72c","الصياغة الإدارية والقانونية المعاصرة","as-siyagha-al-idariyya",172,{"id":872,"title":873,"slug":874,"language":9,"level":749,"displayOrder":875},"01a14143-3c44-7d7e-90e0-1fc38905a4b0","التعجب والمدح والذم","at-taajjub-wa-al-madh-wa-adh-dhamm",173,{"id":877,"title":878,"slug":879,"language":9,"level":880,"displayOrder":881},"01a14143-3bad-7aee-9881-8597330b4ca7","العدول بين الخبر والإنشاء وأثره","al-udul-bayna-al-khabar-wa-al-insha","C2",174,{"id":883,"title":884,"slug":885,"language":9,"level":880,"displayOrder":886},"01a14143-3ab4-7dd7-9c18-6cc240d60051","الالتفات وتحول الضمائر في النص الأدبي","al-iltifat",175,{"id":888,"title":889,"slug":890,"language":9,"level":880,"displayOrder":891},"01a14143-3a15-7344-a201-e498d909a359","الفصل والوصل في بناء النص","al-fasl-wa-al-wasl",176,{"id":893,"title":894,"slug":895,"language":9,"level":880,"displayOrder":896},"01a14143-3aa6-722a-abdf-92a2a36e1d46","الإيجاز والحذف وحدود استنتاج المعنى","al-ijaz-wa-al-hadhf",177,{"id":898,"title":899,"slug":900,"language":9,"level":880,"displayOrder":901},"01a14143-3c71-7c34-bc16-593c334a1d7b","التقديم للاختصاص والحصر في النص الأدبي","at-taqdim-li-al-ikhtisas",178,{"id":903,"title":904,"slug":905,"language":9,"level":880,"displayOrder":906},"01a14143-3abc-761f-b84c-ad57171015a8","الاشتغال في قراءة النصوص الفصيحة","al-ishtighal",179,{"id":908,"title":909,"slug":910,"language":9,"level":880,"displayOrder":911},"01a14143-3c64-7f80-acfc-fd896eb807e1","التنازع وتحديد العامل","at-tanazu",180,{"id":913,"title":914,"slug":915,"language":9,"level":880,"displayOrder":916},"01a14143-3aad-7870-aa38-609a1caf4bfe","الاختصاص والتحذير والإغراء","al-ikhtisas-wa-at-tahdhir",181,{"id":918,"title":919,"slug":920,"language":9,"level":880,"displayOrder":921},"01a14143-3b28-779d-9ba1-03923e51543e","المفعول معه والتمييز من العطف","al-maful-maahu",182,{"id":923,"title":924,"slug":925,"language":9,"level":880,"displayOrder":926},"01a14143-3e47-7385-8a7e-bc7d6f00153c","نون التوكيد ولام القسم في القراءة","nun-at-tawkid-wa-lam-al-qasam",183,{"id":928,"title":929,"slug":930,"language":9,"level":880,"displayOrder":931},"01a14143-3d1b-7b6f-b9f8-e3ec9b8920af","إن المخففة واللام الفارقة في النصوص","in-al-mukhaffafa",184,{"id":933,"title":934,"slug":935,"language":9,"level":880,"displayOrder":936},"01a14143-3db9-79a6-97b4-cb9a95ebdd33","لا ولات وإن المشبهة بليس في القراءة","la-wa-lata-wa-in",185,{"id":938,"title":939,"slug":940,"language":9,"level":880,"displayOrder":941},"01a14143-3cd7-752b-85f3-7fdcd9881ff7","ضمير الشأن والقصة وتفسيره","damir-ash-shan",186,{"id":943,"title":944,"slug":945,"language":9,"level":880,"displayOrder":946},"01a14143-3a5c-7452-9f79-57e7ae583138","الحذف في جملة الصلة وشروط فهمه","al-hadhf-fi-as-sila",187,{"id":948,"title":949,"slug":950,"language":9,"level":880,"displayOrder":951},"01a14143-3e73-7cbd-9916-78149163b2df","تعدد التحليل النحوي وأثره في المعنى","taaddud-at-tahlil-an-nahwi",188,{"id":953,"title":954,"slug":955,"language":9,"level":880,"displayOrder":956},"01a14143-3c7f-7adb-8468-77f42fa800a5","التراكيب التراثية في الاقتباس المعاصر","at-tarakib-at-turathiyya",189,{"id":475,"title":476,"slug":477,"seoDescription":958,"content":959,"language":9,"level":387,"displayOrder":478,"grammarTopics":960,"createdAt":966,"updatedAt":967,"vocabularyLists":968,"primaryTopicHub":986,"readyImages":988},"تعرّف استعمال قد ولقد مع الفعل الماضي لتأكيد وقوع الحدث، والفرق بينهما في قوة التوكيد، وكيف يحدد السياق قرب الحدث وصلته بالحاضر في أمثلة واضحة.","تستعمل **قَدْ** و**لَقَدْ** مع الفعل الماضي لتأكيد وقوع حدث. ستتعلّم الفرق بينهما في التوكيد، وكيف يساعدك السياق على معرفة وقت الحدث وصلته بالحاضر.\n\n## ١. تأكيد وقوع الحدث\n\nفي الجملة المُثْبَتة، أي التي لا تحتوي على نفي، تدلّ **قَدْ مع الماضي** على تحقّق الحدث: نقدّمه بوصفه أمرًا وقع فعلًا، لا مجرّد احتمال.\n\n:::example\nتنتظر رسالة من زميلك، فيقول لك:\n\n**أَرْسَلْتُ** الرِّسَالَةَ. ← إخبار بوقوع الإرسال.\n\n**قَدْ أَرْسَلْتُ** الرِّسَالَةَ. ← تأكيد أنّ الإرسال قد تمّ.\n\n**لَقَدْ أَرْسَلْتُ** الرِّسَالَةَ! ← توكيد أقوى، مثل الردّ على شخص يشكّ في إرسالها.\n:::\n\nالجملة من دون «قَدْ» صحيحة وتخبر أيضًا بوقوع الحدث. إضافة «قَدْ» لا تجعل الخبر صحيحًا بعد أن كان مشكوكًا فيه؛ إنّما توضّح طريقة المتكلّم في تقديمه وتأكيده.\n\n## ٢. الصيغة ومكان الأداة\n\nنضع **قَدْ** أو **لَقَدْ** قبل الفعل الماضي. تبقى الأداة ثابتة، ويتغيّر الفعل بحسب الفاعل كما تعلّمت سابقًا.\n\n| الصيغة | المثال | الاستعمال |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| فعل ماضٍ | وَصَلَ الْقِطَارُ. | إخبار عاديّ |\n| قَدْ + فعل ماضٍ | **قَدْ وَصَلَ** الْقِطَارُ. | تأكيد وقوع الحدث |\n| لَقَدْ + فعل ماضٍ | **لَقَدْ وَصَلَ** الْقِطَارُ. | زيادة التوكيد |\n\n- مع المتكلّم: **قَدْ فَهِمْتُ** السُّؤَالَ.\n- مع المتكلّمين: **قَدْ فَهِمْنَا** السُّؤَالَ.\n- مع الغائبة: **لَقَدْ فَهِمَتْ** مَرْيَمُ السُّؤَالَ.\n\nاللام في **لَقَدْ** تزيد التوكيد، وتُكتب متّصلة بـ«قَدْ». ولا تغيّر «قَدْ» تصريف الفعل الماضي.\n\n## ٣. وقت الحدث يوضّحه السياق\n\nقد يأتي الماضي مع «قَدْ» في خبر عن حدث قريب، وقد تكون نتيجة الحدث مهمّة الآن. لكنّ **قَدْ لا تعني وحدها «منذ قليل»**، ولا تفرض بقاء نتيجة الحدث إلى الحاضر.\n\n:::example\n**حدث قريب ونتيجة حاضرة:**\n\nقَدْ وَصَلَ الطَّبِيبُ الْآنَ؛ يُمْكِنُكَ الدُّخُولُ.\n\n**تجربة قديمة:**\n\nلَقَدْ زُرْتُ هٰذِهِ الْمَدِينَةَ قَبْلَ عَشْرِ سَنَوَاتٍ.\n:::\n\nفي المثال الأوّل، توضّح كلمة «الْآنَ» قرب الوصول، وتبيّن الجملة التالية نتيجته. وفي المثال الثاني، تحدّد عبارة «قَبْلَ عَشْرِ سَنَوَاتٍ» وقت الزيارة البعيد.\n\n:::warning\nلا تفهم **قَدْ + الماضي** على أنّها صيغة خاصّة بالأحداث القريبة فقط. ابحث عن كلمات الوقت وعن سياق الكلام لتعرف متى وقع الحدث.\n:::\n\n## ٤. متى تختار «لَقَدْ»؟\n\nتستعمل **لَقَدْ** عندما تريد إبراز الخبر بقوّة أكبر. وهي شائعة في العربية الفصحى المكتوبة والمنطوقة، مثل الرسائل والخطب والتقارير، وليست محصورة في النصوص القديمة.\n\n| الموقف | المثال |\n| --- | --- |\n| الردّ على الشكّ | **لَقَدْ دَفَعْتُ** الْحِسَابَ؛ هٰذَا هُوَ الْإِيصَالُ. |\n| إظهار التقدير | **لَقَدْ سَاعَدْتَنِي** كَثِيرًا؛ شُكْرًا لَكَ. |\n| إبراز خبر مهمّ | **لَقَدْ نَجَحَ** الْمَشْرُوعُ بَعْدَ عَمَلٍ طَوِيلٍ. |\n\nهذه مواقف شائعة، وليست شروطًا لازمة. يمكن أن تصف الحدث نفسه بالماضي وحده أو مع «قَدْ»؛ والاختيار يتعلّق بمقدار التوكيد المناسب للسياق.\n\n:::note\nلا تنقل معنى الاحتمال من بعض استعمالات «قَدْ» مع المضارع إلى هذا الاستعمال مع الماضي. **قَدْ وَصَلَ خَالِدٌ** تؤكّد الوصول، أمّا **رُبَّمَا وَصَلَ خَالِدٌ** فتعبّر عن عدم التأكّد منه.\n:::\n\n## ٥. خلاصة للاختيار\n\n1. إذا أردت الإخبار بحدث ماضٍ دون توكيد إضافيّ، فاستعمل الماضي وحده: **أَنْهَيْتُ الْعَمَلَ**.\n2. إذا أردت تأكيد تحقّق الحدث، فاستعمل «قَدْ»: **قَدْ أَنْهَيْتُ الْعَمَلَ**.\n3. إذا أردت توكيدًا أقوى، فاستعمل «لَقَدْ»: **لَقَدْ أَنْهَيْتُ الْعَمَلَ**.\n4. لتحديد وقت الحدث، انظر إلى السياق وكلمات الوقت، لا إلى «قَدْ» أو «لَقَدْ» وحدهما.",[961],{"id":962,"name":963,"level":387,"language":9,"isCompleted":964,"completionPercentage":965,"totalExercises":46,"completedExercises":965},"01a14143-3918-73de-b7d9-02574a473609","تأكيد الحدث الماضي وتحديد أسبقيته",false,0,"2026-10-15T20:31:28+00:00","2026-10-16T06:40:27+00:00",[969],{"id":970,"title":971,"vocabularyListWords":972,"isPublished":985},"01a14143-9126-7e11-b8c3-9b031b689368","تأكيد وقوع 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المطلوب.","تمييز تحقق الحدث من وقوعه قبل نقطة ماضية.","صياغة كان قد مع الضمائر والروابط الزمنية المناسبة.",[996,997],"معرفة تصريف الماضي وكان مع الضمائر.","فهم قبل وبعد وعندما في ترتيب الأحداث.",[999,1017],{"id":475,"contentId":1000,"slug":477,"title":476,"level":387,"summary":1001,"order":11,"exercises":1002},"pg_70e1c231-72dc-404f-8867-044f17d4c163","يميز الإخبار بالماضي من توكيده بقد ولقد، دون افتراض قرب الحدث أو استنتاج زمنه من الأداة وحدها.",[1003,1007,1010,1014],{"id":1004,"title":1005,"order":965,"type":1006},"01a14143-6cae-795e-91da-ea43ea71e298","قد ولقد: الصيغة ودرجة التوكيد","word_select",{"id":1008,"title":1009,"order":11,"type":1006},"01a14143-6cc2-703d-81b5-debc34243df3","قد ولقد: الصيغة والوقت والسياق",{"id":1011,"title":1012,"order":21,"type":1013},"01a14143-6cd7-79e9-8498-0a7331f93389","قد ولقد: تصنيف التوكيد وقواعد الاستعمال","word_sort",{"id":1015,"title":1016,"order":26,"type":1013},"01a14143-6cde-7555-acb8-ee874cc3a84e","قد ولقد: التوكيد والاحتمال وسياق الحدث",{"id":480,"contentId":1018,"slug":482,"title":481,"level":387,"summary":1019,"order":16,"exercises":1020},"pg_9d3864d6-b90c-42b7-92fb-aa44782f192e","يبني كان قد لحدث مكتمل قبل نقطة ماضية، ويضبط الضمائر ويقارنه بالترتيب الواضح من الروابط.",[1021,1024,1027,1030],{"id":1022,"title":1023,"order":965,"type":1006},"01a14143-6478-74ef-8fbf-09c5f2711cbb","بناء كان قد مع الضمائر",{"id":1025,"title":1026,"order":11,"type":1006},"01a14143-6491-7821-9fe7-637068fbde48","فهم ترتيب الأحداث في الماضي",{"id":1028,"title":1029,"order":16,"type":1013},"01a14143-64a6-7d41-84e7-17bf7e6a9b87","ترتيب الأحداث وتحديد نقطة المقارنة",{"id":1031,"title":1032,"order":21,"type":1013},"01a14143-64ad-7a84-ad6c-a9c969572b10","بناء كان قد ودلالة السبق",[1034,1040,1044,1048],{"@id":1035,"@type":1036,"id":1004,"grammarPage":1037,"title":1005,"instructions":1038,"displayOrder":965,"type":1006,"questionCount":66,"blankCount":66,"isCompleted":964,"ogImageUrl":1039},"\u002Fapi\u002Fgrammar_exercises\u002F01a14143-6cae-795e-91da-ea43ea71e298","GrammarExercise","\u002Fapi\u002Fgrammar_pages\u002F01a14143-3e5e-7b8b-be38-e04f30c6622a","اختر ما يوافق درجة التوكيد المطلوبة أو قاعدة الصياغة المذكورة، لا كل ما يصح قوله في الموقف.","\u002Fuploads\u002Fimages\u002Fgpimg_4f53a84b-10fa-48f7-b41e-729afd509c2b_hero.webp?v=1792096300",{"@id":1041,"@type":1036,"id":1008,"grammarPage":1037,"title":1009,"instructions":1042,"displayOrder":11,"type":1006,"questionCount":66,"blankCount":66,"isCompleted":964,"ogImageUrl":1043},"\u002Fapi\u002Fgrammar_exercises\u002F01a14143-6cc2-703d-81b5-debc34243df3","أكمل الجمل أو اختر تفسيرها بحسب السياق. انتبه إلى تصريف الفعل وكتابة الأداة والفرق بين التحقق والاحتمال.","\u002Fuploads\u002Fimages\u002Fgpimg_99e1b5d0-7ece-4d7e-9cce-ce6762c51051_hero.webp?v=1792096300",{"@id":1045,"@type":1036,"id":1011,"grammarPage":1037,"title":1012,"instructions":1046,"displayOrder":21,"type":1013,"questionCount":26,"blankCount":965,"isCompleted":964,"ogImageUrl":1047},"\u002Fapi\u002Fgrammar_exercises\u002F01a14143-6cd7-79e9-8498-0a7331f93389","اضغط على البطاقة، ثم اضغط على العمود المناسب. صنّف جميع البطاقات بحسب المطلوب في كل لوحة.","\u002Fuploads\u002Fimages\u002Fgpimg_41653ffd-1f3f-4b3f-b973-82361014fab4_hero.webp?v=1792096300",{"@id":1049,"@type":1036,"id":1015,"grammarPage":1037,"title":1016,"instructions":1050,"displayOrder":26,"type":1013,"questionCount":26,"blankCount":965,"isCompleted":964,"ogImageUrl":1051},"\u002Fapi\u002Fgrammar_exercises\u002F01a14143-6cde-7555-acb8-ee874cc3a84e","اضغط على كل بطاقة، ثم على عمودها. اعتمد على السياق المكتوب، ولا تضف معلومات لم تذكرها البطاقة.","\u002Fuploads\u002Fimages\u002Fgpimg_786391a6-32f3-4a7e-a5c4-60de0d0c9880_hero.webp?v=1792096300",{"id":1004,"grammarPage":1037,"title":1005,"instructions":1038,"seoTitle":1053,"seoDescription":1054,"displayOrder":965,"type":1006,"questions":1055,"ogImageUrl":1039},"قد ولقد مع الماضي: اختيار الصيغة والتوكيد","تدرّب على قد ولقد مع الماضي باختيار الصيغة الموافقة لدرجة التوكيد المطلوبة، في جمل عن الدراسة والعمل والتواصل، مع شرح موضع الأداة وثباتها وتصريف الفعل.",[1056],{"id":1057,"sentenceTemplate":1058,"displayOrder":965,"explanation":1059,"exampleSentence":1060,"blanks":1061},"01a14143-6cae-7bba-91da-ea43ee396487","للإخبار دون أداة توكيد إضافية، نقول: «__1__ الموعد في دفتري».","المطلوب خبر دون أداة توكيد؛ لذلك نختار الماضي وحده. الصيغتان الأخريان صحيحتان، لكنهما تضيفان التوكيد غير المطلوب هنا.","وضعتُ المفتاح قرب الباب.",[1062],{"id":1063,"blankNumber":11,"options":1064},"01a14143-6cae-7b6a-91da-ea43ed718220",[1065,1068,1071],{"id":1066,"optionText":1067,"isCorrect":964,"displayOrder":965},"01a14143-6cae-7ad6-91da-ea43eb21d305","قد كتبتُ",{"id":1069,"optionText":1070,"isCorrect":985,"displayOrder":11},"01a14143-6cae-7b1a-91da-ea43ec0b6991","كتبتُ",{"id":1072,"optionText":1073,"isCorrect":964,"displayOrder":16},"01a14143-6cae-7b46-91da-ea43ec9023b6","لقد كتبتُ",{"html":1075,"toc":1076},"\u003Cp>تستعمل \u003Cstrong>قَدْ\u003C\u002Fstrong> و\u003Cstrong>لَقَدْ\u003C\u002Fstrong> مع الفعل الماضي لتأكيد وقوع حدث. ستتعلّم الفرق بينهما في التوكيد، وكيف يساعدك السياق على معرفة وقت الحدث وصلته بالحاضر.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"section\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">1.\u003C\u002Fspan>١. تأكيد وقوع الحدث\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>في الجملة المُثْبَتة، أي التي لا تحتوي على نفي، تدلّ \u003Cstrong>قَدْ مع الماضي\u003C\u002Fstrong> على تحقّق الحدث: نقدّمه بوصفه أمرًا وقع فعلًا، لا مجرّد احتمال.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"grammar-callout grammar-callout--example\">\u003Cp>تنتظر رسالة من زميلك، فيقول لك:\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>أَرْسَلْتُ\u003C\u002Fstrong> الرِّسَالَةَ. ← إخبار بوقوع الإرسال.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>قَدْ أَرْسَلْتُ\u003C\u002Fstrong> الرِّسَالَةَ. ← تأكيد أنّ الإرسال قد تمّ.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>لَقَدْ أَرْسَلْتُ\u003C\u002Fstrong> الرِّسَالَةَ! ← توكيد أقوى، مثل الردّ على شخص يشكّ في إرسالها.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Cp>الجملة من دون «قَدْ» صحيحة وتخبر أيضًا بوقوع الحدث. إضافة «قَدْ» لا تجعل الخبر صحيحًا بعد أن كان مشكوكًا فيه؛ إنّما توضّح طريقة المتكلّم في تقديمه وتأكيده.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"section-2\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">2.\u003C\u002Fspan>٢. الصيغة ومكان الأداة\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>نضع \u003Cstrong>قَدْ\u003C\u002Fstrong> أو \u003Cstrong>لَقَدْ\u003C\u002Fstrong> قبل الفعل الماضي. تبقى الأداة ثابتة، ويتغيّر الفعل بحسب الفاعل كما تعلّمت سابقًا.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ctable>\n\u003Cthead>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Cth>الصيغة\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>المثال\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>الاستعمال\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Fthead>\n\u003Ctbody>\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>فعل ماضٍ\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>وَصَلَ الْقِطَارُ.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>إخبار عاديّ\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>قَدْ + فعل ماضٍ\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>قَدْ وَصَلَ\u003C\u002Fstrong> الْقِطَارُ.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>تأكيد وقوع الحدث\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>لَقَدْ + فعل ماضٍ\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>لَقَدْ وَصَلَ\u003C\u002Fstrong> الْقِطَارُ.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>زيادة التوكيد\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>مع المتكلّم: \u003Cstrong>قَدْ فَهِمْتُ\u003C\u002Fstrong> السُّؤَالَ.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>مع المتكلّمين: \u003Cstrong>قَدْ فَهِمْنَا\u003C\u002Fstrong> السُّؤَالَ.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>مع الغائبة: \u003Cstrong>لَقَدْ فَهِمَتْ\u003C\u002Fstrong> مَرْيَمُ السُّؤَالَ.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>\n\u003Cp>اللام في \u003Cstrong>لَقَدْ\u003C\u002Fstrong> تزيد التوكيد، وتُكتب متّصلة بـ«قَدْ». ولا تغيّر «قَدْ» تصريف الفعل الماضي.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"section-3\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">3.\u003C\u002Fspan>٣. وقت الحدث يوضّحه السياق\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>قد يأتي الماضي مع «قَدْ» في خبر عن حدث قريب، وقد تكون نتيجة الحدث مهمّة الآن. لكنّ \u003Cstrong>قَدْ لا تعني وحدها «منذ قليل»\u003C\u002Fstrong>، ولا تفرض بقاء نتيجة الحدث إلى الحاضر.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"grammar-callout grammar-callout--example\">\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>حدث قريب ونتيجة حاضرة:\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>قَدْ وَصَلَ الطَّبِيبُ الْآنَ؛ يُمْكِنُكَ الدُّخُولُ.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>تجربة قديمة:\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>لَقَدْ زُرْتُ هٰذِهِ الْمَدِينَةَ قَبْلَ عَشْرِ سَنَوَاتٍ.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Cp>في المثال الأوّل، توضّح كلمة «الْآنَ» قرب الوصول، وتبيّن الجملة التالية نتيجته. وفي المثال الثاني، تحدّد عبارة «قَبْلَ عَشْرِ سَنَوَاتٍ» وقت الزيارة البعيد.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"grammar-callout grammar-callout--warning\">\u003Cp>لا تفهم \u003Cstrong>قَدْ + الماضي\u003C\u002Fstrong> على أنّها صيغة خاصّة بالأحداث القريبة فقط. ابحث عن كلمات الوقت وعن سياق الكلام لتعرف متى وقع الحدث.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"section-4\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">4.\u003C\u002Fspan>٤. متى تختار «لَقَدْ»؟\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>تستعمل \u003Cstrong>لَقَدْ\u003C\u002Fstrong> عندما تريد إبراز الخبر بقوّة أكبر. وهي شائعة في العربية الفصحى المكتوبة والمنطوقة، مثل الرسائل والخطب والتقارير، وليست محصورة في النصوص القديمة.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ctable>\n\u003Cthead>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Cth>الموقف\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>المثال\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Fthead>\n\u003Ctbody>\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>الردّ على الشكّ\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>لَقَدْ دَفَعْتُ\u003C\u002Fstrong> الْحِسَابَ؛ هٰذَا هُوَ الْإِيصَالُ.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>إظهار التقدير\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>لَقَدْ سَاعَدْتَنِي\u003C\u002Fstrong> كَثِيرًا؛ شُكْرًا لَكَ.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>إبراز خبر مهمّ\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>لَقَدْ نَجَحَ\u003C\u002Fstrong> الْمَشْرُوعُ بَعْدَ عَمَلٍ طَوِيلٍ.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003Cp>هذه مواقف شائعة، وليست شروطًا لازمة. يمكن أن تصف الحدث نفسه بالماضي وحده أو مع «قَدْ»؛ والاختيار يتعلّق بمقدار التوكيد المناسب للسياق.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"grammar-callout grammar-callout--note\">\u003Cp>لا تنقل معنى الاحتمال من بعض استعمالات «قَدْ» مع المضارع إلى هذا الاستعمال مع الماضي. \u003Cstrong>قَدْ وَصَلَ خَالِدٌ\u003C\u002Fstrong> تؤكّد الوصول، أمّا \u003Cstrong>رُبَّمَا وَصَلَ خَالِدٌ\u003C\u002Fstrong> فتعبّر عن عدم التأكّد منه.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"section-5\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">5.\u003C\u002Fspan>٥. خلاصة للاختيار\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Col>\n\u003Cli>إذا أردت الإخبار بحدث ماضٍ دون توكيد إضافيّ، فاستعمل الماضي وحده: \u003Cstrong>أَنْهَيْتُ الْعَمَلَ\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>إذا أردت تأكيد تحقّق الحدث، فاستعمل «قَدْ»: \u003Cstrong>قَدْ أَنْهَيْتُ الْعَمَلَ\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>إذا أردت توكيدًا أقوى، فاستعمل «لَقَدْ»: \u003Cstrong>لَقَدْ أَنْهَيْتُ الْعَمَلَ\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>لتحديد وقت الحدث، انظر إلى السياق وكلمات الوقت، لا إلى «قَدْ» أو «لَقَدْ» وحدهما.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Fol>\n",[1077,1081,1085,1089,1093],{"id":1078,"text":1079,"depth":16,"number":1080},"section","١. 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