[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"grammar-page-en-cause-and-effect":3,"grammar-exercises-by-page-019b7f43-6879-7d25-94aa-fe53784d39c4":381},{"id":4,"title":5,"slug":6,"content":7,"language":8,"level":9,"displayOrder":10,"grammarTopics":11,"createdAt":375,"updatedAt":376,"generatorCategories":377,"readyImages":379,"ogImageUrl":380},"019b7f43-6879-7d25-94aa-fe53784d39c4","Clauses & Linking Words (Cause, Effect, Contrast, Purpose)","cause-and-effect","## 1. What Are Linking Words?\n\nLinking words connect ideas and sentences.\nThey help us:\n\n* explain\n* compare\n* contrast\n* give reasons\n* show results\n\n## 2. Reason (Because \u002F Because of)\n\nUsed to explain *why* something happens.\n\nNote: **Reason (cause)** explains why something happened. **Purpose** explains why someone does something (their intention).\n\n### 2.1 Because + clause\n\n**because + subject + verb**\n\n### Examples\n\n* I stayed home because I was tired.\n* She went to bed early because she had a headache.\n\n### 2.2 Because of + noun\n\n**because of + noun \u002F noun phrase**\n\n### Examples\n\n* The game was cancelled because of the rain.\n* He was late because of traffic.\n\n### 2.3 Difference Between “Because” and “Because Of”\n\n| Because | Because of |\n| ------- | ---------- |\n| followed by a clause | followed by a noun |\n| because he was sick | because of his illness |\n\n## 3. Contrast\n\nUsed to show opposite or unexpected ideas.\n\n### 3.1 But\n\n### Examples\n\n* I wanted to go, but I was busy.\n* She is rich, but she isn’t happy.\n\n### 3.2 Although\n\n**although + clause**\n\n### Examples\n\n* Although it was raining, we went outside.\n* Although he studied hard, he failed the test.\n\n### 3.3 However\n\nHowever is a linking adverb.\n\nUse it in these safe patterns:\n\n* (1) Start a new sentence: **However, ...**\n* (2) In the middle of a sentence: **It was, however, ...**\n* (3) After a semicolon when joining two complete clauses: **..., however, ...**\n\nDon’t write: *The hotel was expensive, however it was comfortable.* (This is usually a comma splice.)\n\n### Examples\n\n* The hotel was expensive; however, it was very comfortable.\n* The hotel was expensive. It was, however, very comfortable.\n\n## 4. Purpose\n\nUsed to explain *why* we do something.\n\nRemember: **because \u002F because of** give a reason (cause). **to \u002F in order to \u002F so that** show an intention (purpose).\n\n### 4.1 To + infinitive\n\n**to + base verb**\n\n### Examples\n\n* I went to the shop to buy milk.\n* She studies hard to pass her exams.\n\n### 4.2 In order to + infinitive\n\nMore formal.\n\n### Examples\n\n* He saved money in order to travel.\n* She left early in order to avoid traffic.\n\n### 4.3 For + noun \u002F -ing form\n\n**for + noun \u002F for + -ing form**\n\n(-ing form = verb + ing used like a noun.)\n\n### Examples\n\n* This machine is for cutting wood.\n* I use my phone for work.\n\n### 4.4 So that + clause\n\nUsed to express purpose, often with can\u002Fcould\u002Fwill\u002Fwould. It can be used with the same subject or a different subject.\n\n### Examples\n\n* I’m studying so that I can pass the exam.\n* She wrote it down so that she wouldn’t forget.\n\n## 5. Result\n\nUsed to describe consequences.\n\n### 5.1 So\n\nUse a comma before **so** when it joins two independent clauses (two full sentences).\n\n### Examples\n\n* I was tired, so I went to bed.\n* He missed the bus, so he was late.\n\nDon’t add a comma when **so** means “very” (intensifier), e.g., *I was so tired.*\n\n### 5.2 Therefore\n\nTherefore is a more formal linking word.\n\nCommon patterns:\n\n* (1) Sentence. **Therefore,** sentence.\n* (2) Sentence; **therefore,** sentence. (more formal)\n\n### Examples\n\n* The road was closed. Therefore, we took another route.\n* The road was closed; therefore, we took another route.\n* She didn’t study. Therefore, she failed the exam.\n* She didn’t study; therefore, she failed the exam.\n\n## 6. Summary\n\nIn this lesson you learned:\n\n* because + clause \u002F because of + noun phrase\n* but \u002F although \u002F however\n* to \u002F for \u002F in order to \u002F so that\n* so \u002F therefore\n* how to combine clauses and ideas\n\nQuick form reminders:\n\n* **because** = reason (cause)\n* **to \u002F in order to \u002F so that** = purpose (intention)\n* **however\u002Ftherefore** usually start a new sentence or follow a semicolon when linking two complete clauses","en","B1",71,[12],{"id":13,"name":5,"level":9,"language":8,"isCompleted":14,"completionPercentage":15,"totalExercises":16,"completedExercises":15,"vocabularyLists":17},"019aef24-9f5a-7d64-9476-8345ff313432",false,0,2,[18,275],{"id":19,"title":20,"grammarTopic":21,"displayOrder":22,"vocabularyListWords":23,"isPublished":38},"019be0e3-85fb-7e44-a25f-a1d693b18f28","Cause and effect conjunctions","\u002Fapi\u002Fgrammar_topics\u002F019aef24-9f5a-7d64-9476-8345ff313432",43,[24,41,56,68,91,106,119,136,148,160,176,187,199,215,226,237,244,258],{"id":25,"vocabularyWord":26,"displayOrder":39},"019be0e8-1bd7-7872-ac2f-ca2e1f843955",{"id":27,"word":28,"frequency":29,"level":30,"language":8,"audioFilePath":31,"partsOfSpeech":32,"audio":38,"audioUrl":40},"019b4697-700f-7cd0-b0bd-b172c41df264","because",9,"A2","tts_d5e4ec04a5d14276_en-US.mp3",[33],{"id":34,"partOfSpeech":35,"definition":36,"exampleSentences":37,"isPrimary":38,"meaningOrder":39},"019b7c50-bcf5-789c-bdc6-e6dff1897348","CONJUNCTION","Used to introduce a reason or explanation.","I stayed home because it was raining.\nShe is happy because she got a new job.",true,1,"\u002Fuploads\u002Faudio\u002Ftts_d5e4ec04a5d14276_en-US.mp3",{"id":42,"vocabularyWord":43,"displayOrder":16},"019be0e8-1bd8-71e9-9af6-5ad359ff120f",{"id":44,"word":45,"frequency":29,"level":30,"language":8,"partsOfSpeech":46,"audio":14},"019b850c-a402-7d02-be1e-5bc694e5fc3b","so",[47,52],{"id":48,"partOfSpeech":49,"definition":50,"exampleSentences":51,"isPrimary":38,"meaningOrder":39},"019b93fa-067b-7e1a-82ed-02aaeea14198","ADVERB","To a great extent; very.","I'm so happy to see you!\nThe movie was so interesting that I watched it twice.",{"id":53,"partOfSpeech":35,"definition":54,"exampleSentences":55,"isPrimary":14,"meaningOrder":16},"019b93fa-067b-7ebe-82ed-02aaef9b9009","For that reason; therefore.","It was raining, so we stayed inside.\nShe was tired, so she went to bed early.",{"id":57,"vocabularyWord":58,"displayOrder":67},"019be0e8-1be0-7366-9c74-79ebba1a26a3",{"id":59,"word":60,"frequency":61,"level":9,"language":8,"partsOfSpeech":62,"audio":14},"019be0e8-1bd8-7f79-9af6-5ad35a07b6d6","therefore",6,[63],{"id":64,"partOfSpeech":49,"definition":65,"exampleSentences":66,"isPrimary":38,"meaningOrder":39},"019be0e8-2cc0-7a92-ab29-5e41c257c9aa","For that reason; as a consequence.","She was late; therefore, she missed the bus.\nIt rained heavily last night; therefore, the match was postponed.",3,{"id":69,"vocabularyWord":70,"displayOrder":90},"019be0e8-1be0-7d2a-9c74-79ebba4f4fbb",{"id":71,"word":72,"frequency":73,"level":30,"language":8,"audioFilePath":74,"partsOfSpeech":75,"audio":38,"audioUrl":89},"019b850c-a402-7a36-be1e-5bc68d7043f0","as",8,"tts_7cd0fce9cfe5698a_en-US.mp3",[76,80,85],{"id":77,"partOfSpeech":35,"definition":78,"exampleSentences":79,"isPrimary":38,"meaningOrder":39},"019b8518-3421-73cb-9f57-a78ea7b48ab2","Used to indicate similarity or comparison.","She sings as beautifully as her sister.\nAs I said earlier, we need to reconsider our plans.",{"id":81,"partOfSpeech":82,"definition":83,"exampleSentences":84,"isPrimary":14,"meaningOrder":16},"019b8518-3421-746b-9f57-a78ea8338bc8","PREPOSITION","In the role of or function of.","He works as a teacher.\nShe was known as a pioneer in her field.",{"id":86,"partOfSpeech":49,"definition":87,"exampleSentences":88,"isPrimary":14,"meaningOrder":67},"019b8518-3421-7517-9f57-a78ea84f313a","To the same degree; equally.","He is as tall as his brother.\nThe test was as difficult as I expected.","\u002Fuploads\u002Faudio\u002Ftts_7cd0fce9cfe5698a_en-US.mp3",4,{"id":92,"vocabularyWord":93,"displayOrder":105},"019be0e8-1be1-7408-8e32-75dbb74c620b",{"id":94,"word":95,"frequency":73,"level":30,"language":8,"partsOfSpeech":96,"audio":14},"019b4697-7026-74e0-9a67-24d091776f77","since",[97,101],{"id":98,"partOfSpeech":82,"definition":99,"exampleSentences":100,"isPrimary":38,"meaningOrder":39},"019b93f1-12b7-76d5-b98d-fbd73a7786c0","From a particular time in the past until now.","I have lived here since 2010.\nShe has been studying English since last year.",{"id":102,"partOfSpeech":35,"definition":103,"exampleSentences":104,"isPrimary":14,"meaningOrder":16},"019b93f1-12b7-776d-b98d-fbd73aaed5a8","Used to show the reason for something.","I will stay at home since it is raining.\nSince you are here, we can start the meeting.",5,{"id":107,"vocabularyWord":108,"displayOrder":61},"019be0e8-1be1-7a84-8e32-75dbb797c94c",{"id":109,"word":110,"frequency":111,"level":30,"language":8,"audioFilePath":112,"partsOfSpeech":113,"audio":38,"audioUrl":118},"019b850c-a402-79aa-be1e-5bc68c27c59d","but",10,"tts_2292158bc42c5f87_en-US.mp3",[114],{"id":115,"partOfSpeech":35,"definition":116,"exampleSentences":117,"isPrimary":38,"meaningOrder":39},"019b8518-8c85-7e5a-ac4e-b7c932ffefd4","Used to introduce a contrast or exception.","I wanted to go for a walk, but it started to rain.\nShe is very talented, but she lacks confidence.","\u002Fuploads\u002Faudio\u002Ftts_2292158bc42c5f87_en-US.mp3",{"id":120,"vocabularyWord":121,"displayOrder":135},"019be0e8-1be2-70fa-bfb4-332e18a9b3df",{"id":122,"word":123,"frequency":73,"level":9,"language":8,"audioFilePath":124,"partsOfSpeech":125,"audio":38,"audioUrl":134},"019b4697-703b-71a7-b74a-df7a31bf50fd","however","tts_2f09a85e2af805e7_en-US.mp3",[126,130],{"id":127,"partOfSpeech":49,"definition":128,"exampleSentences":129,"isPrimary":38,"meaningOrder":39},"019b7f0e-b4b0-7c90-b021-30658c0d41ef","Used to introduce a statement that contrasts with or seems to contradict something that has been said previously.","I wanted to go for a walk; however, it started raining.\nShe is very talented; however, she lacks experience.",{"id":131,"partOfSpeech":35,"definition":132,"exampleSentences":133,"isPrimary":14,"meaningOrder":16},"019b7f0e-b4b0-7d34-b021-30658c84b09f","Used to connect two clauses or sentences, indicating a contrast.","You can try your best; however, you might not win.\nThey were tired; however, they decided to continue working.","\u002Fuploads\u002Faudio\u002Ftts_2f09a85e2af805e7_en-US.mp3",7,{"id":137,"vocabularyWord":138,"displayOrder":73},"019be0e8-1be2-7786-bfb4-332e1910ff49",{"id":139,"word":140,"frequency":135,"level":9,"language":8,"audioFilePath":141,"partsOfSpeech":142,"audio":38,"audioUrl":147},"019b4697-707d-7369-8d5e-ca2dda997037","although","tts_2aa80b5228453f3d_en-US.mp3",[143],{"id":144,"partOfSpeech":35,"definition":145,"exampleSentences":146,"isPrimary":38,"meaningOrder":39},"019b7c30-5d98-7a34-8493-ab07160276c5","Used to introduce a subordinate clause that contrasts with the main clause.","Although it was raining, we decided to go for a walk.\nShe is very talented, although she is still learning.","\u002Fuploads\u002Faudio\u002Ftts_2aa80b5228453f3d_en-US.mp3",{"id":149,"vocabularyWord":150,"displayOrder":29},"019be0e8-1be2-7d86-bfb4-332e19415df6",{"id":151,"word":152,"frequency":61,"level":9,"language":8,"audioFilePath":153,"partsOfSpeech":154,"audio":38,"audioUrl":159},"019b4697-712c-7b10-8710-fe01f37e15f7","despite","tts_6eb136b69157c42f_en-US.mp3",[155],{"id":156,"partOfSpeech":82,"definition":157,"exampleSentences":158,"isPrimary":38,"meaningOrder":39},"019b7ebe-a89c-7906-8c8b-80ef202ecbd7","Without being affected by; in spite of.","Despite the rain, we went for a walk.\nShe continued to smile despite her worries.","\u002Fuploads\u002Faudio\u002Ftts_6eb136b69157c42f_en-US.mp3",{"id":161,"vocabularyWord":162,"displayOrder":111},"019be0e8-1be3-7416-b480-3b7eb046c6dc",{"id":163,"word":164,"frequency":73,"level":30,"language":8,"audioFilePath":165,"partsOfSpeech":166,"audio":38,"audioUrl":175},"019b4697-700f-76ac-b0bd-b172ac9675a7","after","tts_1497459c26c6ad2b_en-US.mp3",[167,171],{"id":168,"partOfSpeech":82,"definition":169,"exampleSentences":170,"isPrimary":38,"meaningOrder":39},"019b7c2c-cebe-7863-ae44-8712fed8f233","Used to indicate a time later than a particular point.","We will go to the park after lunch.\nShe called me after the meeting.",{"id":172,"partOfSpeech":49,"definition":173,"exampleSentences":174,"isPrimary":14,"meaningOrder":39},"019b7c2c-cebe-78f7-ae44-8712ff631cbd","Used to indicate something that happens later in time.","I will finish my homework later after dinner.\nHe arrived at the party a little after.","\u002Fuploads\u002Faudio\u002Ftts_1497459c26c6ad2b_en-US.mp3",{"id":177,"vocabularyWord":178,"displayOrder":186},"019be0e8-1bea-772f-9990-91127c02116c",{"id":179,"word":180,"frequency":61,"level":9,"language":8,"partsOfSpeech":181,"audio":14},"019be0e8-1be4-701d-9838-c38244425d97","consequently",[182],{"id":183,"partOfSpeech":49,"definition":184,"exampleSentences":185,"isPrimary":38,"meaningOrder":39},"019be0e8-3f55-71ad-ae42-b58c38ae0e66","As a result; therefore.","She didn't study for the test, and consequently, she failed.\nThe weather was bad; consequently, the match was postponed.",12,{"id":188,"vocabularyWord":189,"displayOrder":198},"019be0e8-1bec-79a7-ae2d-667c74f6cf48",{"id":190,"word":191,"frequency":61,"level":9,"language":8,"partsOfSpeech":192,"audio":14},"019be0e8-1bea-7dff-9990-91127cddbc86","in case",[193],{"id":194,"partOfSpeech":195,"definition":196,"exampleSentences":197,"isPrimary":38,"meaningOrder":39},"019be0e8-50e2-706e-ad3d-6c035907e5c4","PHRASE","Used to indicate a situation that might happen, often to prepare for it.","Take an umbrella in case it rains.\nI brought extra snacks in case we get hungry.",13,{"id":200,"vocabularyWord":201,"displayOrder":214},"019be0e8-1bee-7cc5-8762-78f04397bd30",{"id":202,"word":203,"frequency":73,"level":9,"language":8,"partsOfSpeech":204,"audio":14},"019be0e8-1bed-7053-a73c-3feca0640e30","as a result",[205,210],{"id":206,"partOfSpeech":207,"definition":208,"exampleSentences":209,"isPrimary":38,"meaningOrder":39},"019be0e8-7398-796f-a0c0-b08c51994e8c","NOUN","The outcome or consequence of an action or event.","The result of the test was better than I expected.\nShe worked hard, and her result was a promotion.",{"id":211,"partOfSpeech":195,"definition":212,"exampleSentences":213,"isPrimary":38,"meaningOrder":39},"019be0e8-739a-73b8-b17b-cb56f4aa698a","Used to indicate that something is a consequence or outcome of what has been previously mentioned.","He didn't study for the exam. As a result, he failed.\nThe weather was terrible; as a result, the event was canceled.",14,{"id":216,"vocabularyWord":217,"displayOrder":225},"019be0e8-1bf1-7058-9b4f-798abb0e4349",{"id":218,"word":219,"frequency":61,"level":9,"language":8,"partsOfSpeech":220,"audio":14},"019be0e8-1bef-73ae-a5f9-af1643f4bd0d","due to",[221],{"id":222,"partOfSpeech":195,"definition":223,"exampleSentences":224,"isPrimary":38,"meaningOrder":39},"019be0e8-837c-72a1-9148-678d3092379e","Used to indicate the reason for something.","The match was canceled due to rain.\nHe was late due to traffic.\nDue to the high demand, the product sold out quickly.",15,{"id":227,"vocabularyWord":228,"displayOrder":236},"019be0e8-1bf3-7461-b064-32df6f003017",{"id":229,"word":230,"frequency":61,"level":9,"language":8,"partsOfSpeech":231,"audio":14},"019be0e8-1bf1-76a8-9b4f-798abb334047","in order to",[232],{"id":233,"partOfSpeech":195,"definition":234,"exampleSentences":235,"isPrimary":38,"meaningOrder":39},"019be0e8-985a-78db-a4cb-b717fe3d1ac0","Used to express the purpose of an action.","I study hard in order to pass my exams.\nShe saved money in order to buy a new car.",16,{"id":238,"vocabularyWord":239,"displayOrder":243},"019be0e8-1bf4-735f-97ae-04f8ac3045cc",{"id":240,"word":241,"frequency":135,"level":9,"language":8,"partsOfSpeech":242,"audio":14},"019b4697-7068-70ce-bbff-f7974501f173","though",[],18,{"id":245,"vocabularyWord":246,"displayOrder":257},"019be0e9-d099-7ec6-bde3-fa76b2863a8a",{"id":247,"word":248,"frequency":61,"level":249,"language":8,"audioFilePath":250,"partsOfSpeech":251,"audio":38,"audioUrl":256},"019b4697-7221-70db-bad6-493feb2a9608","moreover","B2","tts_cdb1146f8430c23d_en-US.mp3",[252],{"id":253,"partOfSpeech":49,"definition":254,"exampleSentences":255,"isPrimary":38,"meaningOrder":39},"019b9314-48dd-76e6-aa0e-4ab37a42c738","Used to add information that reinforces or emphasizes what has been previously stated.","The project is a success; moreover, it was completed ahead of schedule.\nShe is an excellent teacher; moreover, she is very approachable.","\u002Fuploads\u002Faudio\u002Ftts_cdb1146f8430c23d_en-US.mp3",19,{"id":259,"vocabularyWord":260,"displayOrder":274},"019be0e9-d099-7f92-bde3-fa76b2b3efb6",{"id":261,"word":262,"frequency":61,"level":30,"language":8,"audioFilePath":263,"partsOfSpeech":264,"audio":38,"audioUrl":273},"019b4697-7211-7739-a454-80853e523c4c","besides","tts_b724a4feb2c8db73_en-US.mp3",[265,269],{"id":266,"partOfSpeech":82,"definition":267,"exampleSentences":268,"isPrimary":38,"meaningOrder":39},"019b7c53-787d-7c18-bcf1-87b7e93aefff","In addition to; apart from.","Besides studying, she also enjoys painting.\nThere are many parks here; besides, the weather is nice.",{"id":270,"partOfSpeech":49,"definition":271,"exampleSentences":272,"isPrimary":14,"meaningOrder":39},"019b7c53-787d-7cb0-bcf1-87b7e987264e","Moreover; also.","Besides, I think we should leave early.\nHe is talented; besides, he works hard.","\u002Fuploads\u002Faudio\u002Ftts_b724a4feb2c8db73_en-US.mp3",20,{"id":276,"title":277,"grammarTopic":21,"displayOrder":278,"vocabularyListWords":279,"isPublished":38},"019be0ec-9d05-7a72-9e1b-4e792d02dd94","Contrast connection words",45,[280,285,295,301,311,321,340,345,355,365],{"id":281,"vocabularyWord":282,"displayOrder":39},"019be0ee-ec7e-7d24-8f10-5186a7988550",{"id":139,"word":140,"frequency":135,"level":9,"language":8,"audioFilePath":141,"partsOfSpeech":283,"audio":38,"audioUrl":147},[284],{"id":144,"partOfSpeech":35,"definition":145,"exampleSentences":146,"isPrimary":38,"meaningOrder":39},{"id":286,"vocabularyWord":287,"displayOrder":16},"019be0ee-ec88-7974-a380-133b556b84f1",{"id":288,"word":289,"frequency":61,"level":9,"language":8,"partsOfSpeech":290,"audio":14},"019be0ee-ec7f-7d78-96bb-8e7414028d50","even though",[291],{"id":292,"partOfSpeech":195,"definition":293,"exampleSentences":294,"isPrimary":38,"meaningOrder":39},"019be0ee-fc7f-7cd2-88a2-c90debfa4508","Used to introduce a contrast or contradiction, indicating that something is true despite another fact.","Even though it was raining, we decided to go for a walk.\nShe passed the exam, even though she didn't study much.",{"id":296,"vocabularyWord":297,"displayOrder":67},"019be0ee-ec89-72cf-8260-b9df0f9d42a4",{"id":122,"word":123,"frequency":73,"level":9,"language":8,"audioFilePath":124,"partsOfSpeech":298,"audio":38,"audioUrl":134},[299,300],{"id":127,"partOfSpeech":49,"definition":128,"exampleSentences":129,"isPrimary":38,"meaningOrder":39},{"id":131,"partOfSpeech":35,"definition":132,"exampleSentences":133,"isPrimary":14,"meaningOrder":16},{"id":302,"vocabularyWord":303,"displayOrder":90},"019be0ee-ec89-7a13-8260-b9df0fc5a54f",{"id":304,"word":305,"level":30,"language":8,"audioFilePath":306,"partsOfSpeech":307,"audio":38,"audioUrl":310},"019b851b-5f24-7bb7-9780-bac263213375","yet","tts_1dc4f0f08588144f_en-US.mp3",[308],{"id":309,"partOfSpeech":35,"isPrimary":38,"meaningOrder":39},"019b851b-5f24-7c63-9780-bac26324a7e6","\u002Fuploads\u002Faudio\u002Ftts_1dc4f0f08588144f_en-US.mp3",{"id":312,"vocabularyWord":313,"displayOrder":105},"019be0ee-ec8a-70af-8535-19c5f4a16bf9",{"id":314,"word":315,"level":249,"language":8,"audioFilePath":316,"partsOfSpeech":317,"audio":38,"audioUrl":320},"019b851b-5f27-76e9-a2f6-9b5354ebfb5c","on the other hand","tts_ed1c574425e2440b_en-US.mp3",[318],{"id":319,"partOfSpeech":35,"isPrimary":38,"meaningOrder":39},"019b851b-5f27-7759-a2f6-9b5355a666d7","\u002Fuploads\u002Faudio\u002Ftts_ed1c574425e2440b_en-US.mp3",{"id":322,"vocabularyWord":323,"displayOrder":61},"019be0ee-ec8d-7ad0-a809-816b7c4994ac",{"id":324,"word":325,"frequency":61,"level":9,"language":8,"partsOfSpeech":326,"audio":14},"019be0ee-ec8a-7643-8535-19c5f53d08da","in contrast",[327,331,336],{"id":328,"partOfSpeech":207,"definition":329,"exampleSentences":330,"isPrimary":38,"meaningOrder":39},"019be0ef-19e5-7020-bcdf-b6aea92f1e29","The difference between two or more things that are compared.","There is a stark contrast between the rich and the poor in this city.\nThe painting shows a beautiful contrast of colors.",{"id":332,"partOfSpeech":333,"definition":334,"exampleSentences":335,"isPrimary":14,"meaningOrder":39},"019be0ef-19e6-72fa-8047-25385f138ef7","VERB","To compare two or more things to show the differences.","You should contrast the two proposals before making a decision.\nIn her essay, she contrasts modern technology with traditional methods.",{"id":337,"partOfSpeech":195,"definition":338,"exampleSentences":339,"isPrimary":14,"meaningOrder":39},"019be0ef-19e6-7352-8047-25385f6d08a6","Used to show a difference between two ideas or situations.","In contrast to his brother, he prefers to stay at home.\nThe weather was cold, but in contrast, the sun was shining brightly.",{"id":341,"vocabularyWord":342,"displayOrder":135},"019be0ee-ec8e-7281-99af-e026d0cdcf1b",{"id":151,"word":152,"frequency":61,"level":9,"language":8,"audioFilePath":153,"partsOfSpeech":343,"audio":38,"audioUrl":159},[344],{"id":156,"partOfSpeech":82,"definition":157,"exampleSentences":158,"isPrimary":38,"meaningOrder":39},{"id":346,"vocabularyWord":347,"displayOrder":73},"019be0ee-ec90-7b7d-954f-4dbf86f4afa4",{"id":348,"word":349,"frequency":61,"level":9,"language":8,"partsOfSpeech":350,"audio":14},"019be0ee-ec8e-7831-99af-e026d0e3faee","in spite of",[351],{"id":352,"partOfSpeech":195,"definition":353,"exampleSentences":354,"isPrimary":38,"meaningOrder":39},"019be0ef-2be0-7cbc-9b33-05702b488162","Used to indicate that something happens regardless of a particular condition or circumstance.","In spite of the rain, we decided to go for a walk.\nShe succeeded in spite of many difficulties.",{"id":356,"vocabularyWord":357,"displayOrder":29},"019be0ee-ec91-731f-b58e-35858a388bd3",{"id":358,"word":359,"level":9,"language":8,"audioFilePath":360,"partsOfSpeech":361,"audio":38,"audioUrl":364},"019b851b-5f27-7245-a2f6-9b5353e9592e","nevertheless","tts_b23d0cbcd088c5f6_en-US.mp3",[362],{"id":363,"partOfSpeech":35,"isPrimary":38,"meaningOrder":39},"019b851b-5f27-72dd-a2f6-9b5354d710a0","\u002Fuploads\u002Faudio\u002Ftts_b23d0cbcd088c5f6_en-US.mp3",{"id":366,"vocabularyWord":367,"displayOrder":111},"019be0ee-ec93-7bab-961e-34365df4d25a",{"id":368,"word":369,"frequency":61,"level":9,"language":8,"partsOfSpeech":370,"audio":14},"019be0ee-ec91-78af-b58e-35858b191ccc","nonetheless",[371],{"id":372,"partOfSpeech":49,"definition":373,"exampleSentences":374,"isPrimary":38,"meaningOrder":39},"019be0ef-48f2-7040-a16b-1bd1c68271f5","In spite of that; nevertheless.","The weather was bad; nonetheless, we decided to go for a hike.\nShe was tired; nonetheless, she finished her work on time.","2026-01-02T15:11:22+00:00","2026-07-14T17:37:35+00:00",[378],"grammar_exercise_questions_relative_clauses",[],"\u002Fuploads\u002Fimages\u002Fog_019b7f43-6879-7d25-94aa-fe53784d39c4.jpg?v=1784050655",[382,389],{"@id":383,"@type":384,"id":385,"grammarPage":386,"title":387,"instructions":388,"displayOrder":15,"isCompleted":14},"\u002Fapi\u002Fgrammar_exercises\u002F019d3fbc-7d60-7e88-ab2f-7d8e93a27e11","GrammarExercise","019d3fbc-7d60-7e88-ab2f-7d8e93a27e11","\u002Fapi\u002Fgrammar_pages\u002F019b7f43-6879-7d25-94aa-fe53784d39c4","Connecting Words - Travel Experiences","This is a fill-in-the-blank exercise. Click on each blank and choose the correct answer from the dropdown.\nSome sentences may have more than one blank, so make sure you complete all of them.",{"@id":390,"@type":384,"id":391,"grammarPage":386,"title":392,"instructions":393,"displayOrder":39,"isCompleted":14},"\u002Fapi\u002Fgrammar_exercises\u002F019d3fbc-7d61-7b9a-8e53-1d7f56711188","019d3fbc-7d61-7b9a-8e53-1d7f56711188","Connecting Words - Work Challenges","Click on each blank and choose the correct connecting word from the dropdown menu.\nFocus on expressing cause, effect, or contrast.\nSome sentences may have more than one blank, so make sure you complete all of them."]