[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"grammar-pages-en":3,"grammar-page-en-discourse-markers":913},[4,15,23,31,40,49,57,65,73,81,89,98,106,114,122,130,139,147,155,163,171,179,188,196,204,212,220,228,237,245,253,262,270,279,288,296,304,312,319,326,333,340,347,354,361,368,376,383,390,397,404,412,419,426,435,442,450,458,465,472,479,486,493,500,508,515,522,529,536,543,552,559,566,573,580,587,594,601,608,615,622,629,636,643,649,656,663,670,678,685,692,701,708,716,723,730,737,744,751,758,765,772,779,786,793,800,807,814,821,828,835,842,849,857,864,871,878,885,892,899,906],{"id":5,"title":6,"slug":7,"language":8,"level":9,"displayOrder":10,"createdAt":11,"updatedAt":12,"generatorCategories":13},"019b280b-85bc-70db-a0c0-54aca6f1e4c0","Personal Pronouns","personal-pronouns","en","A1",1,"2025-12-16T16:43:22+00:00","2026-05-27T12:23:36+00:00",[14],"grammar_exercise_questions_pronouns",{"id":16,"title":17,"slug":18,"language":8,"level":9,"displayOrder":19,"createdAt":20,"updatedAt":21,"generatorCategories":22},"019b281a-41bb-71a1-933a-67a41f3b154c","Possessive adjectives","possessive-adjectives",2,"2025-12-16T16:59:28+00:00","2026-05-27T12:28:21+00:00",[14],{"id":24,"title":25,"slug":26,"language":8,"level":9,"displayOrder":27,"createdAt":28,"updatedAt":29,"generatorCategories":30},"019b2845-8ee4-7583-a09b-a59ba8856835","Possessive 's","possessive-s",3,"2025-12-16T17:46:45+00:00","2026-05-27T12:38:39+00:00",[14],{"id":32,"title":33,"slug":34,"language":8,"level":9,"displayOrder":35,"createdAt":36,"updatedAt":37,"generatorCategories":38},"019b2859-9fe3-7eef-917c-a0f02422a82b","Present Simple of \"be\"","present-simple-of-be",4,"2025-12-16T18:08:40+00:00","2026-05-27T12:39:45+00:00",[39],"grammar_exercise_questions_tenses",{"id":41,"title":42,"slug":43,"language":8,"level":9,"displayOrder":44,"createdAt":45,"updatedAt":46,"generatorCategories":47},"019df308-4244-7be7-bdcb-d49dd3a1e2cd","Basic Word Order in English","basic-word-order-in-english",4.5,"2026-05-04T12:48:17+00:00","2026-05-27T12:01:34+00:00",[48],"grammar_exercise_questions_question_forms",{"id":50,"title":51,"slug":52,"language":8,"level":9,"displayOrder":53,"createdAt":54,"updatedAt":55,"generatorCategories":56},"019b3226-4738-776c-98cd-d4489f345309","Questions with the verb \"to be\"","questions-with-the-verb-to-be",5,"2025-12-18T15:48:48+00:00","2026-05-27T12:40:21+00:00",[48],{"id":58,"title":59,"slug":60,"language":8,"level":9,"displayOrder":61,"createdAt":62,"updatedAt":63,"generatorCategories":64},"019b326a-4447-7bdf-b870-03f8f455c0cb","Yes \u002F No Questions with “Do” and “Does”","yes-no-questions-with-do-and-does",6,"2025-12-18T17:03:03+00:00","2026-05-27T12:42:05+00:00",[48],{"id":66,"title":67,"slug":68,"language":8,"level":9,"displayOrder":69,"createdAt":70,"updatedAt":71,"generatorCategories":72},"019b3298-e218-7287-8956-6db962f0b06a","Questions (wh)","questions-wh",7,"2025-12-18T17:53:58+00:00","2026-05-27T12:49:13+00:00",[48],{"id":74,"title":75,"slug":76,"language":8,"level":9,"displayOrder":77,"createdAt":78,"updatedAt":79,"generatorCategories":80},"019b32ad-0f74-75b8-837a-ec5c6eaa31d9","Present Simple","present-simple",8,"2025-12-18T18:16:01+00:00","2026-05-27T12:49:50+00:00",[39],{"id":82,"title":83,"slug":84,"language":8,"level":9,"displayOrder":85,"createdAt":86,"updatedAt":87,"generatorCategories":88},"019df346-c4f4-7d23-8ca1-cd54325f7a8b","Conjunctions: and, but, or, so, because","conjunctions-and-but-or-so-because",8.5,"2026-05-04T13:56:34+00:00","2026-05-27T12:53:02+00:00",[48],{"id":90,"title":91,"slug":92,"language":8,"level":9,"displayOrder":93,"createdAt":94,"updatedAt":95,"generatorCategories":96},"019b2246-5ed1-7353-b2e9-dfe013c486b8","Adverbs of Frequency","adverbs-of-frequency",9,"2025-12-15T13:49:55+00:00","2026-05-27T12:53:39+00:00",[97],"grammar_exercise_questions_adverbial",{"id":99,"title":100,"slug":101,"language":8,"level":9,"displayOrder":102,"createdAt":103,"updatedAt":104,"generatorCategories":105},"019b510a-88fb-7c66-b1a9-350a4039fbfc","Present Continuous","present-continuous",10,"2025-12-24T15:46:43+00:00","2026-05-27T12:54:15+00:00",[39],{"id":107,"title":108,"slug":109,"language":8,"level":9,"displayOrder":110,"createdAt":111,"updatedAt":112,"generatorCategories":113},"019b5140-4bff-7dd2-8394-87003d7ab4e2","Past Simple of 'be'","past-simple-of-be",11,"2025-12-24T16:45:26+00:00","2026-05-27T12:54:57+00:00",[39],{"id":115,"title":116,"slug":117,"language":8,"level":9,"displayOrder":118,"createdAt":119,"updatedAt":120,"generatorCategories":121},"019b5152-ec65-7653-9bce-5488b60e0d51","Past Simple (Regular verbs)","past-simple-regular-verbs",12,"2025-12-24T17:05:47+00:00","2026-05-27T12:55:28+00:00",[39],{"id":123,"title":124,"slug":125,"language":8,"level":9,"displayOrder":126,"createdAt":127,"updatedAt":128,"generatorCategories":129},"019b515f-15c8-71b2-b32c-08af85afe1b5","Past Simple (Irregular verbs)","past-simple-irregular-verbs",13,"2025-12-24T17:19:04+00:00","2026-05-28T10:52:32+00:00",[39],{"id":131,"title":132,"slug":133,"language":8,"level":9,"displayOrder":134,"createdAt":135,"updatedAt":136,"generatorCategories":137},"019b6046-03fb-789e-8f12-2b9413b32460","Indefinite article (a\u002Fan)","indefinite-article-aan",14,"2025-12-27T14:45:59+00:00","2026-05-28T10:59:50+00:00",[138],"grammar_exercise_questions_nouns_articles_determiners",{"id":140,"title":141,"slug":142,"language":8,"level":9,"displayOrder":143,"createdAt":144,"updatedAt":145,"generatorCategories":146},"019b6046-799a-78c3-ab97-9c5a6a051c7d","Definite article (the)","definite-article-the",15,"2025-12-27T14:46:30+00:00","2026-05-28T11:00:28+00:00",[138],{"id":148,"title":149,"slug":150,"language":8,"level":9,"displayOrder":151,"createdAt":152,"updatedAt":153,"generatorCategories":154},"019b517d-f126-70a5-ba17-169ab1bf08b2","Countable and Uncountable Nouns","countable-and-uncountable-nouns",16,"2025-12-24T17:52:46+00:00","2026-05-28T11:01:06+00:00",[138],{"id":156,"title":157,"slug":158,"language":8,"level":9,"displayOrder":159,"createdAt":160,"updatedAt":161,"generatorCategories":162},"019b5a18-548e-7218-8f15-4e4aa0eee555","How many\u002Fmuch","how-manymuch",17,"2025-12-26T09:58:22+00:00","2026-05-28T11:02:31+00:00",[138],{"id":164,"title":165,"slug":166,"language":8,"level":9,"displayOrder":167,"createdAt":168,"updatedAt":169,"generatorCategories":170},"019df33a-e49e-7e45-b4d7-50ca50cb52db","A Few \u002F A Little \u002F Few \u002F Little","a-few-a-little",17.5,"2026-05-04T13:43:36+00:00","2026-05-28T11:04:21+00:00",[138],{"id":172,"title":173,"slug":174,"language":8,"level":9,"displayOrder":175,"createdAt":176,"updatedAt":177,"generatorCategories":178},"019b5a2b-0953-7b0a-a3cf-9572d9b67763","There is\u002Fare","there-isare",18,"2025-12-26T10:18:48+00:00","2026-05-28T11:04:59+00:00",[138],{"id":180,"title":181,"slug":182,"language":8,"level":9,"displayOrder":183,"createdAt":184,"updatedAt":185,"generatorCategories":186},"019b219e-db8d-7bd9-bb29-b4f49ef9def4","Common Adjectives","common-adjectives",19,"2025-12-15T10:46:57+00:00","2026-05-28T11:05:43+00:00",[187],"grammar_exercise_questions_comparatives_superlatives",{"id":189,"title":190,"slug":191,"language":8,"level":9,"displayOrder":192,"createdAt":193,"updatedAt":194,"generatorCategories":195},"019b2238-ace8-7d2b-b4a0-2e600078490d","Demonstrative Adjectives","demonstrative-adjectives",20,"2025-12-15T13:34:58+00:00","2026-05-28T11:06:37+00:00",[14],{"id":197,"title":198,"slug":199,"language":8,"level":9,"displayOrder":200,"createdAt":201,"updatedAt":202,"generatorCategories":203},"019b5aeb-ed47-7ec9-891b-797e1d98e93b","Intensifiers","intensifiers",21,"2025-12-26T13:49:29+00:00","2026-05-28T11:07:17+00:00",[187],{"id":205,"title":206,"slug":207,"language":8,"level":9,"displayOrder":208,"createdAt":209,"updatedAt":210,"generatorCategories":211},"019ddf1d-d915-75e9-b6f8-44633900023c","Intensifiers (Too and Enough)","intensifiers-too-and-enough",21.5,"2026-04-30T15:59:28+00:00","2026-05-28T11:07:58+00:00",[187],{"id":213,"title":214,"slug":215,"language":8,"level":9,"displayOrder":216,"createdAt":217,"updatedAt":218,"generatorCategories":219},"019b5b01-8454-78ac-ab3f-c48d4f86ecc6","Comparative (basic)","comparative-basic",22,"2025-12-26T14:13:04+00:00","2026-05-28T11:08:37+00:00",[187],{"id":221,"title":222,"slug":223,"language":8,"level":9,"displayOrder":224,"createdAt":225,"updatedAt":226,"generatorCategories":227},"019b5b16-43bc-76e2-8b46-76124b8ff851","Superlatives (Basic)","superlatives-basic",23,"2025-12-26T14:35:44+00:00","2026-05-28T11:10:47+00:00",[187],{"id":229,"title":230,"slug":231,"language":8,"level":9,"displayOrder":232,"createdAt":233,"updatedAt":234,"generatorCategories":235},"019b5b33-eaef-7c65-b9d9-f61c2c0ab296","Common Prepositions","common-prepositions",24,"2025-12-26T15:08:07+00:00","2026-05-27T12:04:32+00:00",[236],"grammar_exercise_questions_prepositions",{"id":238,"title":239,"slug":240,"language":8,"level":9,"displayOrder":241,"createdAt":242,"updatedAt":243,"generatorCategories":244},"019b5b43-0251-7c7a-93e9-1956f0e3455d","Preposition of place","preposition-of-place",25,"2025-12-26T15:24:36+00:00","2026-05-28T11:11:30+00:00",[236],{"id":246,"title":247,"slug":248,"language":8,"level":9,"displayOrder":249,"createdAt":250,"updatedAt":251,"generatorCategories":252},"019b5b52-ad53-727e-9cd3-b03f7ed8a37e","Prepositions of time","prepositions-of-time",26,"2025-12-26T15:41:43+00:00","2026-05-28T11:12:07+00:00",[236],{"id":254,"title":255,"slug":256,"language":8,"level":9,"displayOrder":257,"createdAt":258,"updatedAt":259,"generatorCategories":260},"019b5b6a-5b9a-7f42-bed0-5251f341962f","Verb + -ing and Verb + to + infinitve","verb-ing",27,"2025-12-26T16:07:35+00:00","2026-05-28T11:13:41+00:00",[261],"grammar_exercise_questions_verb_patterns_phrasal",{"id":263,"title":264,"slug":265,"language":8,"level":9,"displayOrder":266,"createdAt":267,"updatedAt":268,"generatorCategories":269},"019b5b83-d994-79a4-a134-c295c36cef77","Imperatives","imperatives",28,"2025-12-26T16:35:26+00:00","2026-05-28T11:14:25+00:00",[261],{"id":271,"title":272,"slug":273,"language":8,"level":9,"displayOrder":274,"createdAt":275,"updatedAt":276,"generatorCategories":277},"019b5b8e-fb65-77bc-beaa-37f96f269a73","Ability","ability",29,"2025-12-26T16:47:35+00:00","2026-05-28T11:14:56+00:00",[278],"grammar_exercise_questions_modality",{"id":280,"title":281,"slug":282,"language":8,"level":283,"displayOrder":284,"createdAt":285,"updatedAt":286,"generatorCategories":287},"019b602e-2fb4-73c8-b962-65bda25818dd","Countable and Uncountable nouns with Articles","countableuncountable-nouns","A2",30,"2025-12-27T14:19:58+00:00","2026-05-28T11:15:52+00:00",[138],{"id":289,"title":290,"slug":291,"language":8,"level":283,"displayOrder":292,"createdAt":293,"updatedAt":294,"generatorCategories":295},"019df3cc-eab9-70f1-b391-94af16cf43f6","Indefinite Pronouns","indefinite-pronouns-something-anything-nothing",30.5,"2026-05-04T16:23:06+00:00","2026-05-27T12:14:19+00:00",[14],{"id":297,"title":298,"slug":299,"language":8,"level":283,"displayOrder":300,"createdAt":301,"updatedAt":302,"generatorCategories":303},"019b603d-95d6-7714-9dc2-2128e5b7d6d5","Much \u002F many \u002F a lot of \u002F too many \u002F too much \u002F a little with nouns","much-many-with-nouns",31,"2025-12-27T14:36:47+00:00","2026-05-27T12:16:16+00:00",[138],{"id":305,"title":306,"slug":307,"language":8,"level":283,"displayOrder":308,"createdAt":309,"updatedAt":310,"generatorCategories":311},"019b608d-b213-79d5-9f2a-c6e8b788d34c","Comparative adjectives with the use of than","comparative-with-the-use-of-than",32,"2025-12-27T16:04:17+00:00","2026-05-27T12:21:11+00:00",[187],{"id":313,"title":314,"slug":315,"language":8,"level":283,"displayOrder":316,"createdAt":317,"updatedAt":310,"generatorCategories":318},"019b609b-ff61-74d7-a484-d1fa3ddf85cd","Superlative adjective with the use of the","superlative-adjective-with-the-use-of-the",33,"2025-12-27T16:19:54+00:00",[187],{"id":320,"title":321,"slug":322,"language":8,"level":283,"displayOrder":323,"createdAt":324,"updatedAt":310,"generatorCategories":325},"019ddf54-d7d2-7e0e-b46c-fb0085e3554b","Superlatives (quantity: most \u002F least \u002F fewest)","superlatives-quantity-most-least-fewest",33.25,"2026-04-30T16:59:32+00:00",[187],{"id":327,"title":328,"slug":329,"language":8,"level":283,"displayOrder":330,"createdAt":331,"updatedAt":310,"generatorCategories":332},"019ddf4b-915c-79cd-b3ce-7c958c5569ee","Equality and Inequality Comparisons","equality-and-inequality-comparisons",33.5,"2026-04-30T16:49:24+00:00",[187],{"id":334,"title":335,"slug":336,"language":8,"level":283,"displayOrder":337,"createdAt":338,"updatedAt":310,"generatorCategories":339},"019ddf90-7b77-7c88-ba51-ce531750920c","Comparative Adjectives vs Comparative Adverbs","comparative-adjectives-vs-comparative-adverbs",33.75,"2026-04-30T18:04:41+00:00",[187],{"id":341,"title":342,"slug":343,"language":8,"level":283,"displayOrder":344,"createdAt":345,"updatedAt":310,"generatorCategories":346},"019b60ae-8671-7359-a1e1-3720df925735","Adverbs of Frequency (A2)","adverbs-of-frequency-a2",34,"2025-12-27T16:40:09+00:00",[97],{"id":348,"title":349,"slug":350,"language":8,"level":283,"displayOrder":351,"createdAt":352,"updatedAt":310,"generatorCategories":353},"019b60b9-9e57-7895-ba9b-3d28a36d0c64","Adverbial phrases","adverbial-phrases",35,"2025-12-27T16:52:16+00:00",[97],{"id":355,"title":356,"slug":357,"language":8,"level":283,"displayOrder":358,"createdAt":359,"updatedAt":310,"generatorCategories":360},"019b60bc-4311-79c2-b406-c42c183a82ce","Adverb word order","adverb-word-order",36,"2025-12-27T16:55:09+00:00",[97],{"id":362,"title":363,"slug":364,"language":8,"level":283,"displayOrder":365,"createdAt":366,"updatedAt":46,"generatorCategories":367},"019df3b1-1b15-782f-aaa6-851c8181905a","Connectors: although, however, because, so, when, while","connectors-although-however-because-so-when-while",36.5,"2026-05-04T15:52:43+00:00",[48],{"id":369,"title":370,"slug":371,"language":8,"level":283,"displayOrder":372,"createdAt":373,"updatedAt":374,"generatorCategories":375},"019b6a65-b1bf-7c2a-a67b-e521135dc9db","Present Simple and Present Continuous","present-simple-and-present-continuous",37,"2025-12-29T13:56:48+00:00","2026-05-27T12:00:36+00:00",[39],{"id":377,"title":378,"slug":379,"language":8,"level":283,"displayOrder":380,"createdAt":381,"updatedAt":374,"generatorCategories":382},"019b6a77-5205-7afa-a68f-7ad935445fe8","Past Simple and Past Continuous","past-simple-and-past-continuous",38,"2025-12-29T14:16:03+00:00",[39],{"id":384,"title":385,"slug":386,"language":8,"level":283,"displayOrder":387,"createdAt":388,"updatedAt":374,"generatorCategories":389},"019df7ab-ac74-721a-be5f-324337bfcad9","Used to (Past Habits and States)","used-to-past-habits-and-states",38.5,"2026-05-05T10:25:16+00:00",[39],{"id":391,"title":392,"slug":393,"language":8,"level":283,"displayOrder":394,"createdAt":395,"updatedAt":374,"generatorCategories":396},"019b6a88-0003-7e9c-8479-e53dc8e247ce","Present Perfect","present-perfect",39,"2025-12-29T14:34:16+00:00",[39],{"id":398,"title":399,"slug":400,"language":8,"level":283,"displayOrder":401,"createdAt":402,"updatedAt":374,"generatorCategories":403},"019b6f8d-0408-7b43-aca6-4dbe46e5d5b7","Future Time (Will and Going to)","future-time-will-and-going-to",40,"2025-12-30T13:57:51+00:00",[39],{"id":405,"title":406,"slug":407,"language":8,"level":283,"displayOrder":408,"createdAt":409,"updatedAt":410,"generatorCategories":411},"019b6f8f-d648-70f0-9f22-42fc1235803a","Modals - can\u002Fcould","modals-cancould",41,"2025-12-30T14:00:56+00:00","2026-05-27T12:22:40+00:00",[278],{"id":413,"title":414,"slug":415,"language":8,"level":283,"displayOrder":416,"createdAt":417,"updatedAt":410,"generatorCategories":418},"019b6f90-9e16-780f-90b6-5b82c56bf7fe","Modals - have to \u002F has to","modals-have-to",42,"2025-12-30T14:01:47+00:00",[278],{"id":420,"title":421,"slug":422,"language":8,"level":283,"displayOrder":423,"createdAt":424,"updatedAt":410,"generatorCategories":425},"019b6f90-fea2-7549-b566-4aca1064c4a2","Modals - should","modals-should",43,"2025-12-30T14:02:12+00:00",[278],{"id":427,"title":428,"slug":429,"language":8,"level":283,"displayOrder":430,"createdAt":431,"updatedAt":432,"generatorCategories":433},"019b6fd9-fca0-721e-98a1-8dae306fa3a8","Zero Conditional","zero-conditional",44,"2025-12-30T15:21:55+00:00","2026-05-27T12:20:17+00:00",[434],"grammar_exercise_questions_conditionals",{"id":436,"title":437,"slug":438,"language":8,"level":283,"displayOrder":439,"createdAt":440,"updatedAt":432,"generatorCategories":441},"019b6fe2-552e-7c4a-9ff8-617c5afa8ed7","First Conditional","first-conditional",45,"2025-12-30T15:31:02+00:00",[434],{"id":443,"title":444,"slug":445,"language":8,"level":283,"displayOrder":446,"createdAt":447,"updatedAt":448,"generatorCategories":449},"019b7013-1ad3-7755-af13-49f9a7613e00","Verb + -ing \u002F Infinitive: like, want, would like","verb-ing-infinitive-like-want-would-like",46,"2025-12-30T16:24:18+00:00","2026-05-27T11:49:41+00:00",[261],{"id":451,"title":452,"slug":453,"language":8,"level":283,"displayOrder":454,"createdAt":455,"updatedAt":456,"generatorCategories":457},"019b7a8d-16f8-71a7-bf39-9a79205183b8","Question formation rules","question-formation-rules",47,"2026-01-01T17:13:45+00:00","2026-05-27T12:03:13+00:00",[48],{"id":459,"title":460,"slug":461,"language":8,"level":283,"displayOrder":462,"createdAt":463,"updatedAt":46,"generatorCategories":464},"019df3d4-4d2e-729e-853d-7c68f999b25c","Relative Clauses: who, which, that, where","relative-clauses-who-which-that-where",47.5,"2026-05-04T16:31:10+00:00",[48],{"id":466,"title":467,"slug":468,"language":8,"level":283,"displayOrder":469,"createdAt":470,"updatedAt":456,"generatorCategories":471},"019b7a99-585c-7f51-9245-b2891fdbbf30","WH Questions (In the Past)","wh-questions-in-the-past",48,"2026-01-01T17:27:08+00:00",[48],{"id":473,"title":474,"slug":475,"language":8,"level":283,"displayOrder":476,"createdAt":477,"updatedAt":302,"generatorCategories":478},"019b7aaa-8462-757d-9d4f-7e901a4fc37b","Possessive 's\u002Fs'","possessive-ss",49,"2026-01-01T17:45:54+00:00",[14],{"id":480,"title":481,"slug":482,"language":8,"level":283,"displayOrder":483,"createdAt":484,"updatedAt":234,"generatorCategories":485},"019b7aad-7c27-7305-9ac7-f0b77f08ae5d","Prepositions of time (A2)","preposition-of-place-a2",50,"2026-01-01T17:49:08+00:00",[236],{"id":487,"title":488,"slug":489,"language":8,"level":283,"displayOrder":490,"createdAt":491,"updatedAt":234,"generatorCategories":492},"019b7b2d-9aa2-7b84-b022-800e7cc60042","Prepositional phrases (Place, Time & Movement)","prepositional-phrases-place-time-movement",51,"2026-01-01T20:09:04+00:00",[236],{"id":494,"title":495,"slug":496,"language":8,"level":283,"displayOrder":497,"createdAt":498,"updatedAt":234,"generatorCategories":499},"019b7b4e-1521-70bb-97b5-372246696987","Phrasal Verbs","phrasal-verbs",52,"2026-01-01T20:44:33+00:00",[261],{"id":501,"title":502,"slug":503,"language":8,"level":504,"displayOrder":505,"createdAt":506,"updatedAt":374,"generatorCategories":507},"019b7f36-64bf-7f2e-84e0-6a817ed790ee","Past Simple (B1)","past-simple-b1","B1",53,"2026-01-02T14:57:09+00:00",[39],{"id":509,"title":510,"slug":511,"language":8,"level":504,"displayOrder":512,"createdAt":513,"updatedAt":374,"generatorCategories":514},"019b7f50-778e-72a3-bbaf-7c93104608d9","Past Tense Follow Up Responses","past-tense-follow-up-responses",54,"2026-01-02T15:25:38+00:00",[39],{"id":516,"title":517,"slug":518,"language":8,"level":504,"displayOrder":519,"createdAt":520,"updatedAt":374,"generatorCategories":521},"019b7f5d-c9b7-77b0-8453-3e9698ded09f","Past Continuous","past-continuous",55,"2026-01-02T15:40:11+00:00",[39],{"id":523,"title":524,"slug":525,"language":8,"level":504,"displayOrder":526,"createdAt":527,"updatedAt":374,"generatorCategories":528},"019b7f66-b1e0-7f7e-8efb-a9853febaf95","Past Perfect","past-perfect",56,"2026-01-02T15:49:55+00:00",[39],{"id":530,"title":531,"slug":532,"language":8,"level":504,"displayOrder":533,"createdAt":534,"updatedAt":374,"generatorCategories":535},"019b7f78-24b0-77b7-a062-4ca5ebaf7a99","Present Perfect vs Past Simple","present-perfect-vs-past-simple",57,"2026-01-02T16:08:58+00:00",[39],{"id":537,"title":538,"slug":539,"language":8,"level":504,"displayOrder":540,"createdAt":541,"updatedAt":374,"generatorCategories":542},"019b7f7c-8a1f-7c23-8698-42391c4d5759","Present Perfect Continuous","present-perfect-continuous",58,"2026-01-02T16:13:46+00:00",[39],{"id":544,"title":545,"slug":546,"language":8,"level":504,"displayOrder":547,"createdAt":548,"updatedAt":549,"generatorCategories":550},"019b7f8a-e4e5-7176-a1b8-4e7dc65fed8a","Simple Passive (Present and Past)","simple-passive-present-and-past",59,"2026-01-02T16:29:27+00:00","2026-05-27T11:49:02+00:00",[551],"grammar_exercise_questions_passive_voice",{"id":553,"title":554,"slug":555,"language":8,"level":504,"displayOrder":556,"createdAt":557,"updatedAt":374,"generatorCategories":558},"019b7f90-4565-7491-9654-e29c3fc09bfd","Will vs Going to (Predictions)","will-vs-going-to-predictions",60,"2026-01-02T16:35:20+00:00",[39],{"id":560,"title":561,"slug":562,"language":8,"level":504,"displayOrder":563,"createdAt":564,"updatedAt":374,"generatorCategories":565},"019b7f95-894e-7b10-822a-affae1f4b321","Future Continuous","future-continuous",61,"2026-01-02T16:41:05+00:00",[39],{"id":567,"title":568,"slug":569,"language":8,"level":504,"displayOrder":570,"createdAt":571,"updatedAt":456,"generatorCategories":572},"019b8488-503a-75f8-a47d-37747230fb3d","WH Questions (In the Past) and Follow-up Structure","wh-questions-in-the-past-and-follow-up-structure",62,"2026-01-03T15:44:44+00:00",[48],{"id":574,"title":575,"slug":576,"language":8,"level":504,"displayOrder":577,"createdAt":578,"updatedAt":456,"generatorCategories":579},"019b849e-e672-746c-8234-cff9809464cb","Complex Question Tags","complex-question-tags",63,"2026-01-03T16:09:24+00:00",[48],{"id":581,"title":582,"slug":583,"language":8,"level":504,"displayOrder":584,"createdAt":585,"updatedAt":294,"generatorCategories":586},"019df804-428b-7734-a347-88911789bb23","Reflexive Pronouns","reflexive-pronouns",63.5,"2026-05-05T12:02:01+00:00",[138],{"id":588,"title":589,"slug":590,"language":8,"level":504,"displayOrder":591,"createdAt":592,"updatedAt":410,"generatorCategories":593},"019b84a8-b6cc-7649-b832-969ce8dd0933","Must\u002Fhave to (Modals)","musthave-to-modals",64,"2026-01-03T16:20:08+00:00",[278],{"id":595,"title":596,"slug":597,"language":8,"level":504,"displayOrder":598,"createdAt":599,"updatedAt":410,"generatorCategories":600},"019b84af-a5b2-7987-a9be-d8164de874a7","Might, May, Will probably (Modals)","might-may-will-probable-modals",65,"2026-01-03T16:27:42+00:00",[278],{"id":602,"title":603,"slug":604,"language":8,"level":504,"displayOrder":605,"createdAt":606,"updatedAt":410,"generatorCategories":607},"019b84b5-2659-784a-9965-86ec3a2f4271","Must and Can't (Deductions)","must-and-cant-dedcutions",66,"2026-01-03T16:33:43+00:00",[278],{"id":609,"title":610,"slug":611,"language":8,"level":504,"displayOrder":612,"createdAt":613,"updatedAt":410,"generatorCategories":614},"019b84bb-173e-7921-86fd-fc9331dcf1d9","Modals About the Past — Should Have, Might Have, Could Have","modals-about-the-past-should-have-might-have-could-have",67,"2026-01-03T16:40:12+00:00",[278],{"id":616,"title":617,"slug":618,"language":8,"level":504,"displayOrder":619,"createdAt":620,"updatedAt":310,"generatorCategories":621},"019b84c3-0f0c-7570-a3da-82bbd3adea47","Comparatives and Superlatives","comparatives-and-superlatives",68,"2026-01-03T16:48:54+00:00",[187],{"id":623,"title":624,"slug":625,"language":8,"level":504,"displayOrder":626,"createdAt":627,"updatedAt":302,"generatorCategories":628},"019df7d6-428b-7ed3-a268-ff3a1cd04d2e","Articles","articles",68.5,"2026-05-05T11:11:47+00:00",[138],{"id":630,"title":631,"slug":632,"language":8,"level":504,"displayOrder":633,"createdAt":634,"updatedAt":302,"generatorCategories":635},"019dfd44-e26b-789f-8246-301e2e868f64","Quantifiers Expansion: all, both, either, neither, none","quantifiers-expansion-all-both-either-neither-none",68.75,"2026-05-06T12:30:43+00:00",[138],{"id":637,"title":638,"slug":639,"language":8,"level":504,"displayOrder":640,"createdAt":641,"updatedAt":310,"generatorCategories":642},"019b84ce-f5e9-7051-ab4a-88f104f8ca0f","Adverbs","adverbs",69,"2026-01-03T17:01:54+00:00",[97],{"id":644,"title":198,"slug":645,"language":8,"level":504,"displayOrder":646,"createdAt":647,"updatedAt":310,"generatorCategories":648},"019b84d4-d685-72a4-a785-72dfa64eb5f1","intensifiers-too-enough-extremely-quite",70,"2026-01-03T17:08:19+00:00",[187],{"id":650,"title":651,"slug":652,"language":8,"level":504,"displayOrder":653,"createdAt":654,"updatedAt":310,"generatorCategories":655},"019dfd3e-5ca9-7671-8c5f-bc86e5bdb4e1","Adjectives (-ed \u002F -ing)","ed-ing-adjectives",70.25,"2026-05-06T12:23:35+00:00",[187],{"id":657,"title":658,"slug":659,"language":8,"level":504,"displayOrder":660,"createdAt":661,"updatedAt":310,"generatorCategories":662},"019de247-60c1-731d-8070-e020e596b746","Adjective + Preposition","adjective-preposition",70.5,"2026-05-01T06:43:41+00:00",[187],{"id":664,"title":665,"slug":666,"language":8,"level":504,"displayOrder":667,"createdAt":668,"updatedAt":294,"generatorCategories":669},"019df7ef-9ba9-71ec-ab1e-648c1efb4af7","Another, Other, Others, The Other","another-other-others-the-other",70.75,"2026-05-05T11:39:28+00:00",[138],{"id":671,"title":672,"slug":673,"language":8,"level":504,"displayOrder":674,"createdAt":675,"updatedAt":46,"generatorCategories":676},"019b7f43-6879-7d25-94aa-fe53784d39c4","Clauses & Linking Words (Cause, Effect, Contrast, Purpose)","cause-and-effect",71,"2026-01-02T15:11:22+00:00",[677],"grammar_exercise_questions_relative_clauses",{"id":679,"title":680,"slug":681,"language":8,"level":504,"displayOrder":682,"createdAt":683,"updatedAt":432,"generatorCategories":684},"019b93a4-f831-7564-898b-bd3291f2af79","Second Conditional","second-conditional",72,"2026-01-06T14:10:20+00:00",[434],{"id":686,"title":687,"slug":688,"language":8,"level":504,"displayOrder":689,"createdAt":690,"updatedAt":432,"generatorCategories":691},"019b93bb-80fa-76ce-8b72-e7352b6083b0","Third Conditional","third-conditional",73,"2026-01-06T14:34:57+00:00",[434],{"id":693,"title":694,"slug":695,"language":8,"level":504,"displayOrder":696,"createdAt":697,"updatedAt":698,"generatorCategories":699},"019b9421-c1ca-7371-93ae-96dd1106e47c","Reported speech \u002F Indirect speech","reported-speech-indirect-speech",74,"2026-01-06T16:26:38+00:00","2026-05-27T12:02:14+00:00",[700],"grammar_exercise_questions_reported_speech",{"id":702,"title":703,"slug":704,"language":8,"level":504,"displayOrder":705,"createdAt":706,"updatedAt":448,"generatorCategories":707},"019dfd54-bbaf-7b5b-921a-1fb3d0c2a2a6","Gerund vs Infinitive","gerund-vs-infinitive",74.5,"2026-05-06T12:48:01+00:00",[261],{"id":709,"title":710,"slug":711,"language":8,"level":712,"displayOrder":713,"createdAt":714,"updatedAt":374,"generatorCategories":715},"019b986e-3c6a-72a3-9d42-65053d9e4657","Past Perfect (B2)","past-perfect-b2","B2",75,"2026-01-07T12:28:39+00:00",[39],{"id":717,"title":718,"slug":719,"language":8,"level":712,"displayOrder":720,"createdAt":721,"updatedAt":374,"generatorCategories":722},"019b9875-a5b8-753a-8892-02d60cf124f3","Past Perfect Continuous","past-perfect-continuous",76,"2026-01-07T12:36:45+00:00",[39],{"id":724,"title":725,"slug":726,"language":8,"level":712,"displayOrder":727,"createdAt":728,"updatedAt":374,"generatorCategories":729},"019b98ad-b43d-70eb-9bf8-98360d4b8745","Narrative tenses","narrative-tenses",77,"2026-01-07T13:37:59+00:00",[39],{"id":731,"title":732,"slug":733,"language":8,"level":712,"displayOrder":734,"createdAt":735,"updatedAt":374,"generatorCategories":736},"019b98bb-42d1-7d70-8952-3f7934673d2c","Would - Expressing habits in the past","would-expressing-habits-in-the-past",78,"2026-01-07T13:52:47+00:00",[278],{"id":738,"title":739,"slug":740,"language":8,"level":712,"displayOrder":741,"createdAt":742,"updatedAt":374,"generatorCategories":743},"019b98bd-abbe-77ac-84ec-e3ed78abff75","Future Continuous (B2)","future-continuous-b2",79,"2026-01-07T13:55:25+00:00",[39],{"id":745,"title":746,"slug":747,"language":8,"level":712,"displayOrder":748,"createdAt":749,"updatedAt":374,"generatorCategories":750},"019b996c-756a-7595-8991-7fbfd497bca0","Future Perfect","future-perfect",80,"2026-01-07T17:06:20+00:00",[39],{"id":752,"title":753,"slug":754,"language":8,"level":712,"displayOrder":755,"createdAt":756,"updatedAt":374,"generatorCategories":757},"019b9973-ccc0-7aea-94b3-d59ca2b27d38","Future Perfect Continuous","future-perfect-continuous",81,"2026-01-07T17:14:21+00:00",[39],{"id":759,"title":760,"slug":761,"language":8,"level":712,"displayOrder":762,"createdAt":763,"updatedAt":374,"generatorCategories":764},"019dfde9-8a73-7247-ac3c-834f3e800f0a","Future in the Past","future-in-the-past",81.5,"2026-05-06T15:30:34+00:00",[39],{"id":766,"title":767,"slug":768,"language":8,"level":712,"displayOrder":769,"createdAt":770,"updatedAt":310,"generatorCategories":771},"019b997c-1273-7267-bc94-e10133989373","Adjectives and Adverbs","adjectives-and-adverbs",82,"2026-01-07T17:23:23+00:00",[187],{"id":773,"title":774,"slug":775,"language":8,"level":712,"displayOrder":776,"createdAt":777,"updatedAt":46,"generatorCategories":778},"019dfd9b-c2c7-7f83-b2ce-1554f06f427c","Discourse Markers","discourse-markers",82.5,"2026-05-06T14:05:36+00:00",[48],{"id":780,"title":781,"slug":782,"language":8,"level":712,"displayOrder":783,"createdAt":784,"updatedAt":46,"generatorCategories":785},"019ba3df-b04f-7684-9f23-1939e873ec29","Defining & non-defining relative clauses","defining-non-defining-relative-clauses",83,"2026-01-09T17:48:24+00:00",[677],{"id":787,"title":788,"slug":789,"language":8,"level":712,"displayOrder":790,"createdAt":791,"updatedAt":549,"generatorCategories":792},"019ba3fc-5f03-7360-a405-79bca6f524d2","Passive voice","passive-voice",84,"2026-01-09T18:19:44+00:00",[551],{"id":794,"title":795,"slug":796,"language":8,"level":712,"displayOrder":797,"createdAt":798,"updatedAt":549,"generatorCategories":799},"019ba7c7-5eb8-76f4-a04c-ce82fa1b4568","Passive Voice: Additional Uses and Nuances","passive-voice-additional-uses-and-nuances",85,"2026-01-10T12:00:19+00:00",[551],{"id":801,"title":802,"slug":803,"language":8,"level":712,"displayOrder":804,"createdAt":805,"updatedAt":46,"generatorCategories":806},"019dfdfa-7403-7489-8772-2ee826b8e57b","There vs It","there-vs-it",85.5,"2026-05-06T15:49:02+00:00",[48],{"id":808,"title":809,"slug":810,"language":8,"level":712,"displayOrder":811,"createdAt":812,"updatedAt":410,"generatorCategories":813},"019ba7d2-7094-7519-b0f1-7b9c0b8d1a84","Deduction & Speculation (Modals)","deduction-speculation-modals",86,"2026-01-10T12:12:25+00:00",[278],{"id":815,"title":816,"slug":817,"language":8,"level":712,"displayOrder":818,"createdAt":819,"updatedAt":410,"generatorCategories":820},"019ba7e3-8713-7c45-a547-be8a80ad5763","Modals (can’t have & needn’t have)","modals-cant-have-neednt-have",87,"2026-01-10T12:31:04+00:00",[278],{"id":822,"title":823,"slug":824,"language":8,"level":712,"displayOrder":825,"createdAt":826,"updatedAt":432,"generatorCategories":827},"019ba7f0-c7aa-7cb5-820b-7cf90b088c6d","Wish (Expressing Regret, Desire, and Imagined Situations)","wish-expressing-regret-desire-and-imagined-situations",88,"2026-01-10T12:45:33+00:00",[434],{"id":829,"title":830,"slug":831,"language":8,"level":712,"displayOrder":832,"createdAt":833,"updatedAt":432,"generatorCategories":834},"019ba801-1386-70f7-b6f1-0000e045cc8b","Mixed Conditionals","mixed-conditionals",89,"2026-01-10T13:03:21+00:00",[434],{"id":836,"title":837,"slug":838,"language":8,"level":712,"displayOrder":839,"createdAt":840,"updatedAt":698,"generatorCategories":841},"019ba80b-0997-7e31-aec6-b14a79efe69e","Reported Speech","reported-speech",90,"2026-01-10T13:14:14+00:00",[700],{"id":843,"title":844,"slug":845,"language":8,"level":712,"displayOrder":846,"createdAt":847,"updatedAt":448,"generatorCategories":848},"019dfdf1-5b30-731a-b71e-63d79f5a409b","Verb Patterns","verb-patterns",90.5,"2026-05-06T15:39:06+00:00",[261],{"id":850,"title":851,"slug":852,"language":8,"level":853,"displayOrder":854,"createdAt":855,"updatedAt":374,"generatorCategories":856},"019ba879-7d5a-7e14-8941-8c79d67c94ed","Narrative tenses for experience, incl. passive","narrative-tenses-for-experience-incl-passive","C1",91,"2026-01-10T15:14:52+00:00",[551],{"id":858,"title":859,"slug":860,"language":8,"level":853,"displayOrder":861,"createdAt":862,"updatedAt":374,"generatorCategories":863},"019ba883-e2dd-7cf2-becf-a1b53f06feaa","Future Tenses (Revision)","future-tenses-revision",92,"2026-01-10T15:26:14+00:00",[39],{"id":865,"title":866,"slug":867,"language":8,"level":853,"displayOrder":868,"createdAt":869,"updatedAt":432,"generatorCategories":870},"019ba891-4e3d-7714-b92c-7cab6023957a","Mixed Conditionals (Past, present & future)","mixed-conditionals-past-present-future",93,"2026-01-10T15:40:53+00:00",[434],{"id":872,"title":873,"slug":874,"language":8,"level":853,"displayOrder":875,"createdAt":876,"updatedAt":432,"generatorCategories":877},"019ba897-8cbb-7842-ad6e-c6e11ffa1701","Wish \u002F If only (Regrets)","wish-if-only-regrets",94,"2026-01-10T15:47:42+00:00",[434],{"id":879,"title":880,"slug":881,"language":8,"level":853,"displayOrder":882,"createdAt":883,"updatedAt":549,"generatorCategories":884},"019ba8a9-71c4-7787-96a0-6a02f8a55e49","Passive Forms","passive-forms",95,"2026-01-10T16:07:15+00:00",[551],{"id":886,"title":887,"slug":888,"language":8,"level":853,"displayOrder":889,"createdAt":890,"updatedAt":410,"generatorCategories":891},"019ba8b8-bc3e-7662-8e7a-4c432325ad08","Modals in the past","modals-in-the-past",96,"2026-01-10T16:23:57+00:00",[278],{"id":893,"title":894,"slug":895,"language":8,"level":853,"displayOrder":896,"createdAt":897,"updatedAt":410,"generatorCategories":898},"019dfe19-a32b-7ab1-9be5-4aebce963308","Modal Verbs: Will, Would & Should","modal-verbs-will-would-should",96.5,"2026-05-06T16:23:06+00:00",[278],{"id":900,"title":901,"slug":902,"language":8,"level":853,"displayOrder":903,"createdAt":904,"updatedAt":410,"generatorCategories":905},"019dfe2a-3524-779c-9c22-273be8bd4134","Modal Verbs: Can, Could, May & Might","modal-verbs-can-could-may-might",96.75,"2026-05-06T16:41:12+00:00",[278],{"id":907,"title":908,"slug":909,"language":8,"level":853,"displayOrder":910,"createdAt":911,"updatedAt":46,"generatorCategories":912},"019ba8c3-4434-78e7-a2af-f992da01a459","Inversion with negative adverbials","inversion-with-negative-adverbials",97,"2026-01-10T16:35:27+00:00",[48],{"id":773,"title":774,"slug":775,"content":914,"language":8,"level":712,"displayOrder":776,"grammarTopics":915,"createdAt":777,"updatedAt":46,"generatorCategories":1218},"## 1. What Are Discourse Markers?\n\nDiscourse markers are words and phrases that organise communication and connect larger ideas. They are common in both writing (to connect paragraphs\u002Farguments) and speaking (to manage turns and change topic).\nThey help speakers:\n\n* structure arguments\n* manage conversations\n* improve fluency\n* express relationships between ideas more clearly and appropriately\n\n## 2. Adding Information\n\nUse these markers to add another point or to strengthen an argument.\n\n| Marker | Use |\n| ------ | --- |\n| furthermore | formal addition |\n| moreover | adds an extra supporting point (often emphatic\u002Fformal) |\n| in addition | extra information |\n| besides | additional point |\n\n### Examples\n\n* The hotel was affordable. Furthermore, it was close to the city centre.\n* She is highly experienced. Moreover, she speaks three languages.\n* In addition, the company offers free training.\n\n## 3. Contrast and Concession\n\nUsed to introduce opposing or unexpected ideas.\n\n| Marker | Use |\n| ------ | --- |\n| however | contrast |\n| nevertheless | surprising contrast |\n| on the other hand | alternative viewpoint (compare two sides\u002Fchoices) |\n| in contrast | comparison |\n\nA note on usage: Use “on the other hand” when you are comparing two sides\u002Fchoices (A vs B). If you only want simple contrast, use “however”\u002F“but”.\n\n### Examples\n\n* The task was difficult. However, we completed it on time.\n* He had very little experience. Nevertheless, he got the job.\n* City life is exciting. On the other hand, it can be stressful.\n* Some people prefer to drive. On the other hand, others choose public transport.\n\n## 4. Result and Consequence\n\nUsed to show logical outcomes.\n\n| Marker | Use |\n| ------ | --- |\n| therefore | formal result |\n| consequently | formal consequence |\n| as a result | outcome |\n| thus | formal written result |\n\n### Examples\n\n* The company lost money; therefore, several employees were fired.\n* He trained every day. Consequently, his performance improved.\n* The weather was terrible. As a result, the event was cancelled.\n\n## 5. Organising Ideas\n\nUsed to structure presentations, essays, and discussions.\n\n| Marker | Use |\n| ------ | --- |\n| firstly | first point |\n| secondly | second point |\n| finally | final point |\n| to begin with | introducing |\n| in conclusion | ending |\n\n### Examples\n\n* Firstly, we need to identify the problem.\n* Secondly, we should discuss possible solutions.\n* In conclusion, public transport should be improved.\n\n## 6. Spoken Discourse Markers\n\nCommon in natural conversation.\n\n| Marker | Function |\n| ------ | -------- |\n| actually | correction\u002Fsurprise |\n| anyway | returning\u002Fchanging topic |\n| by the way | introducing a new\u002Fside topic (topic shift) |\n| after all | (1) giving a reason\u002Freminder or (2) meaning “contrary to expectations” in negatives |\n\n### Examples\n\n* Actually, I disagree with that idea.\n* Anyway, let’s continue.\n* By the way, have you spoken to Anna?\n* Let’s invite her—after all, she helped us a lot.\n* It didn’t happen after all.\n\n## 7. Formal vs Informal Style\n\nThese pairs are approximate; choose a marker based on meaning (contrast, result, addition), not only on formality.\n\n| Informal | More Formal |\n| -------- | ----------- |\n| but | however |\n| so | therefore |\n| also | furthermore |\n| anyway | in any case \u002F nevertheless \u002F nonetheless (choose based on meaning) |\n\nIn writing, “anyway” is often replaced by “in any case” when you mean “despite that” or “regardless”.\n\n### Examples\n\n* Informal: It was expensive, but I bought it.\n* Formal: It was expensive; however, I bought it.\n\n## 8. Punctuation with Discourse Markers\n\n### 8.1 Introductory markers\n\nSentence-initial markers (e.g. However, Therefore, In addition) are usually followed by a comma.\n\n**Examples:**\n\n* However, I disagree.\n* Therefore, we changed the plan.\n\n### 8.2 Mid-sentence markers\n\nIf the marker appears inside a sentence, punctuation depends on where it fits:\n\n* Often, you can use commas to show it is extra information: We, however, decided to leave.\n\n**Example:**\n\n* We, however, decided to leave.\n\n### 8.3 Formal sentence linking\n\nOften use a semicolon when linking two independent clauses in formal writing.\n\n**Examples:**\n\n* The plan failed; therefore, we started again.\n* He was exhausted; nevertheless, he continued working.\n\nA semicolon is common in formal writing, but you can also use a full stop: “The company lost money. Therefore, several employees were fired.”\n\n## 9. Summary\n\n* Choose markers by meaning (addition\u002Fcontrast\u002Fresult), then by formality.\n* Use “on the other hand” for an alternative viewpoint (often two-sided comparisons).\n* For formal clause linking, prefer “; however\u002Ftherefore,” or a full stop + connector.",[916],{"name":774,"level":712,"language":8,"vocabularyLists":917},[918],{"id":919,"title":920,"grammarTopic":921,"displayOrder":922,"vocabularyListWords":923,"isPublished":934},"019e4ed9-4cc6-77c0-93a6-7e27ae8b3a9b","Discourse madrkers","\u002Fapi\u002Fgrammar_topics\u002F019dfd9a-0e1c-779f-bd9a-d7a01c425950",51.5,[924,936,948,965,982,999,1009,1019,1029,1048,1058,1068,1082,1092,1102,1112,1124,1134,1144,1156,1168,1178,1188,1198,1208],{"id":925,"vocabularyWord":926,"displayOrder":10},"019e4edb-7595-7bf4-aa82-378ae51f4ba9",{"id":927,"word":928,"level":504,"language":8,"audioFilePath":929,"partsOfSpeech":930,"audio":934,"audioUrl":935},"019b851a-9c5f-7674-bd11-a51d4897878d","furthermore","tts_e6559350e8ea1b2d_en-US.mp3",[931],{"id":932,"partOfSpeech":933,"isPrimary":934,"meaningOrder":10},"019b851a-9c5f-7708-bd11-a51d497cd7c2","ADVERB",true,"\u002Fuploads\u002Faudio\u002Ftts_e6559350e8ea1b2d_en-US.mp3",{"id":937,"vocabularyWord":938,"displayOrder":19},"019e4edb-7596-7ac4-a630-03c4eb9019dc",{"id":939,"word":940,"frequency":61,"level":712,"language":8,"audioFilePath":941,"partsOfSpeech":942,"audio":934,"audioUrl":947},"019b4697-7221-70db-bad6-493feb2a9608","moreover","tts_cdb1146f8430c23d_en-US.mp3",[943],{"id":944,"partOfSpeech":933,"definition":945,"exampleSentences":946,"isPrimary":934,"meaningOrder":10},"019b9314-48dd-76e6-aa0e-4ab37a42c738","Used to add information that reinforces or emphasizes what has been previously stated.","The project is a success; moreover, it was completed ahead of schedule.\nShe is an excellent teacher; moreover, she is very approachable.","\u002Fuploads\u002Faudio\u002Ftts_cdb1146f8430c23d_en-US.mp3",{"id":949,"vocabularyWord":950,"displayOrder":27},"019e4edb-75cd-7139-b80e-51e095905ebc",{"id":951,"word":952,"frequency":69,"level":712,"language":8,"partsOfSpeech":953,"audio":964},"019e4edb-7597-7f5e-971e-e5ff6a0eb952","in addition",[954,959],{"id":955,"partOfSpeech":956,"definition":957,"exampleSentences":958,"isPrimary":934,"meaningOrder":10},"019e4edb-8980-7ae8-b3d0-43486352959a","NOUN","The process of adding numbers or the result of such a process.","In mathematics, addition is one of the four basic operations.\nThe addition of new features improved the software significantly.",{"id":960,"partOfSpeech":961,"definition":962,"exampleSentences":963,"isPrimary":964,"meaningOrder":19},"019e4edb-8984-755e-99db-0c5cbaf3450f","PHRASE","Used to introduce an additional point or idea.","In addition to her academic achievements, she is also an accomplished musician.\nThe team will, in addition, work on improving customer service.",false,{"id":966,"vocabularyWord":967,"displayOrder":35},"019e4edb-75cd-7e91-b80e-51e09616fa12",{"id":968,"word":969,"frequency":61,"level":283,"language":8,"audioFilePath":970,"partsOfSpeech":971,"audio":934,"audioUrl":981},"019b4697-7211-7739-a454-80853e523c4c","besides","tts_b724a4feb2c8db73_en-US.mp3",[972,977],{"id":973,"partOfSpeech":974,"definition":975,"exampleSentences":976,"isPrimary":934,"meaningOrder":10},"019b7c53-787d-7c18-bcf1-87b7e93aefff","PREPOSITION","In addition to; apart from.","Besides studying, she also enjoys painting.\nThere are many parks here; besides, the weather is nice.",{"id":978,"partOfSpeech":933,"definition":979,"exampleSentences":980,"isPrimary":964,"meaningOrder":10},"019b7c53-787d-7cb0-bcf1-87b7e987264e","Moreover; also.","Besides, I think we should leave early.\nHe is talented; besides, he works hard.","\u002Fuploads\u002Faudio\u002Ftts_b724a4feb2c8db73_en-US.mp3",{"id":983,"vocabularyWord":984,"displayOrder":53},"019e4edb-75ce-77de-8fd0-770664c7853a",{"id":985,"word":986,"frequency":77,"level":504,"language":8,"audioFilePath":987,"partsOfSpeech":988,"audio":934,"audioUrl":998},"019b4697-703b-71a7-b74a-df7a31bf50fd","however","tts_2f09a85e2af805e7_en-US.mp3",[989,993],{"id":990,"partOfSpeech":933,"definition":991,"exampleSentences":992,"isPrimary":934,"meaningOrder":10},"019b7f0e-b4b0-7c90-b021-30658c0d41ef","Used to introduce a statement that contrasts with or seems to contradict something that has been said previously.","I wanted to go for a walk; however, it started raining.\nShe is very talented; however, she lacks experience.",{"id":994,"partOfSpeech":995,"definition":996,"exampleSentences":997,"isPrimary":964,"meaningOrder":19},"019b7f0e-b4b0-7d34-b021-30658c84b09f","CONJUNCTION","Used to connect two clauses or sentences, indicating a contrast.","You can try your best; however, you might not win.\nThey were tired; however, they decided to continue working.","\u002Fuploads\u002Faudio\u002Ftts_2f09a85e2af805e7_en-US.mp3",{"id":1000,"vocabularyWord":1001,"displayOrder":61},"019e4edb-75cf-70d6-a4da-cd7e9f298af3",{"id":1002,"word":1003,"level":504,"language":8,"audioFilePath":1004,"partsOfSpeech":1005,"audio":934,"audioUrl":1008},"019b851b-5f27-7245-a2f6-9b5353e9592e","nevertheless","tts_b23d0cbcd088c5f6_en-US.mp3",[1006],{"id":1007,"partOfSpeech":995,"isPrimary":934,"meaningOrder":10},"019b851b-5f27-72dd-a2f6-9b5354d710a0","\u002Fuploads\u002Faudio\u002Ftts_b23d0cbcd088c5f6_en-US.mp3",{"id":1010,"vocabularyWord":1011,"displayOrder":69},"019e4edb-75cf-7966-a4da-cd7e9fe4f048",{"id":1012,"word":1013,"frequency":61,"level":504,"language":8,"partsOfSpeech":1014,"audio":964},"019be0ee-ec91-78af-b58e-35858b191ccc","nonetheless",[1015],{"id":1016,"partOfSpeech":933,"definition":1017,"exampleSentences":1018,"isPrimary":934,"meaningOrder":10},"019be0ef-48f2-7040-a16b-1bd1c68271f5","In spite of that; nevertheless.","The weather was bad; nonetheless, we decided to go for a hike.\nShe was tired; nonetheless, she finished her work on time.",{"id":1020,"vocabularyWord":1021,"displayOrder":77},"019e4edb-75d0-7143-9078-9931cce06595",{"id":1022,"word":1023,"level":712,"language":8,"audioFilePath":1024,"partsOfSpeech":1025,"audio":934,"audioUrl":1028},"019b851b-5f27-76e9-a2f6-9b5354ebfb5c","on the other hand","tts_ed1c574425e2440b_en-US.mp3",[1026],{"id":1027,"partOfSpeech":995,"isPrimary":934,"meaningOrder":10},"019b851b-5f27-7759-a2f6-9b5355a666d7","\u002Fuploads\u002Faudio\u002Ftts_ed1c574425e2440b_en-US.mp3",{"id":1030,"vocabularyWord":1031,"displayOrder":93},"019e4edb-75d0-789f-9078-9931cda68c37",{"id":1032,"word":1033,"frequency":61,"level":504,"language":8,"partsOfSpeech":1034,"audio":964},"019be0ee-ec8a-7643-8535-19c5f53d08da","in contrast",[1035,1039,1044],{"id":1036,"partOfSpeech":956,"definition":1037,"exampleSentences":1038,"isPrimary":934,"meaningOrder":10},"019be0ef-19e5-7020-bcdf-b6aea92f1e29","The difference between two or more things that are compared.","There is a stark contrast between the rich and the poor in this city.\nThe painting shows a beautiful contrast of colors.",{"id":1040,"partOfSpeech":1041,"definition":1042,"exampleSentences":1043,"isPrimary":964,"meaningOrder":10},"019be0ef-19e6-72fa-8047-25385f138ef7","VERB","To compare two or more things to show the differences.","You should contrast the two proposals before making a decision.\nIn her essay, she contrasts modern technology with traditional methods.",{"id":1045,"partOfSpeech":961,"definition":1046,"exampleSentences":1047,"isPrimary":964,"meaningOrder":10},"019be0ef-19e6-7352-8047-25385f6d08a6","Used to show a difference between two ideas or situations.","In contrast to his brother, he prefers to stay at home.\nThe weather was cold, but in contrast, the sun was shining brightly.",{"id":1049,"vocabularyWord":1050,"displayOrder":102},"019e4edb-75d1-7054-b53a-4270b8911059",{"id":1051,"word":1052,"frequency":61,"level":504,"language":8,"partsOfSpeech":1053,"audio":964},"019be0e8-1bd8-7f79-9af6-5ad35a07b6d6","therefore",[1054],{"id":1055,"partOfSpeech":933,"definition":1056,"exampleSentences":1057,"isPrimary":934,"meaningOrder":10},"019be0e8-2cc0-7a92-ab29-5e41c257c9aa","For that reason; as a consequence.","She was late; therefore, she missed the bus.\nIt rained heavily last night; therefore, the match was postponed.",{"id":1059,"vocabularyWord":1060,"displayOrder":110},"019e4edb-75d1-77e0-b53a-4270b8bcedeb",{"id":1061,"word":1062,"frequency":61,"level":504,"language":8,"partsOfSpeech":1063,"audio":964},"019be0e8-1be4-701d-9838-c38244425d97","consequently",[1064],{"id":1065,"partOfSpeech":933,"definition":1066,"exampleSentences":1067,"isPrimary":934,"meaningOrder":10},"019be0e8-3f55-71ad-ae42-b58c38ae0e66","As a result; therefore.","She didn't study for the test, and consequently, she failed.\nThe weather was bad; consequently, the match was postponed.",{"id":1069,"vocabularyWord":1070,"displayOrder":118},"019e4edb-75d1-7f24-b53a-4270b948dfba",{"id":1071,"word":1072,"frequency":77,"level":504,"language":8,"partsOfSpeech":1073,"audio":964},"019be0e8-1bed-7053-a73c-3feca0640e30","as a result",[1074,1078],{"id":1075,"partOfSpeech":956,"definition":1076,"exampleSentences":1077,"isPrimary":934,"meaningOrder":10},"019be0e8-7398-796f-a0c0-b08c51994e8c","The outcome or consequence of an action or event.","The result of the test was better than I expected.\nShe worked hard, and her result was a promotion.",{"id":1079,"partOfSpeech":961,"definition":1080,"exampleSentences":1081,"isPrimary":934,"meaningOrder":10},"019be0e8-739a-73b8-b17b-cb56f4aa698a","Used to indicate that something is a consequence or outcome of what has been previously mentioned.","He didn't study for the exam. As a result, he failed.\nThe weather was terrible; as a result, the event was canceled.",{"id":1083,"vocabularyWord":1084,"displayOrder":126},"019e4edb-75db-78db-bdaf-a043fa0059e8",{"id":1085,"word":1086,"frequency":53,"level":712,"language":8,"partsOfSpeech":1087,"audio":964},"019e4edb-75d2-7621-9689-ba983013e74d","thus",[1088],{"id":1089,"partOfSpeech":933,"definition":1090,"exampleSentences":1091,"isPrimary":934,"meaningOrder":10},"019e4edb-8279-797a-a6d3-30b603239d16","As a result or consequence; in this way.","The project was a success, and thus we will continue with the next phase.\nShe studied hard for the exam, thus achieving excellent results.",{"id":1093,"vocabularyWord":1094,"displayOrder":134},"019e4edb-75de-7770-a480-06184334e501",{"id":1095,"word":1096,"frequency":61,"level":712,"language":8,"partsOfSpeech":1097,"audio":964},"019e4edb-75dc-70d3-864f-15e152bf3168","firstly",[1098],{"id":1099,"partOfSpeech":933,"definition":1100,"exampleSentences":1101,"isPrimary":934,"meaningOrder":10},"019e4edb-8f21-7036-ad9e-e3709e3a747c","Used to introduce the first point in a list of statements or arguments.","Firstly, we need to gather all the necessary information before making a decision.\nFirstly, I would like to thank everyone for coming to the meeting.",{"id":1103,"vocabularyWord":1104,"displayOrder":143},"019e4edb-75e1-7825-8de5-a948b4931995",{"id":1105,"word":1106,"frequency":61,"level":712,"language":8,"partsOfSpeech":1107,"audio":964},"019e4edb-75de-7f40-a480-06184424cdd3","secondly",[1108],{"id":1109,"partOfSpeech":933,"definition":1110,"exampleSentences":1111,"isPrimary":934,"meaningOrder":10},"019e4edb-855b-7079-9608-dce3c823523b","Used to introduce the second point or reason in a series.","Firstly, we need to consider the budget; secondly, we should evaluate the timeline.\nSecondly, it is important to note that the project requires more resources than initially planned.\nShe loves to travel; secondly, she enjoys learning about different cultures.",{"id":1113,"vocabularyWord":1114,"displayOrder":151},"019e4edb-75e2-722e-8504-8aeaf2ae571e",{"id":1115,"word":1116,"frequency":77,"level":283,"language":8,"audioFilePath":1117,"partsOfSpeech":1118,"audio":934,"audioUrl":1123},"019b4697-70bb-7032-a1b7-18fa64eb37a3","finally","tts_912c28224bfe87b0_en-US.mp3",[1119],{"id":1120,"partOfSpeech":933,"definition":1121,"exampleSentences":1122,"isPrimary":934,"meaningOrder":10},"019b7ee7-a1f3-79b1-91ba-ef05dc406159","After a long time or at the end of a process.","After waiting for hours, we finally got tickets to the concert.\nShe finally finished her homework after working on it all day.","\u002Fuploads\u002Faudio\u002Ftts_912c28224bfe87b0_en-US.mp3",{"id":1125,"vocabularyWord":1126,"displayOrder":159},"019e4edb-75e6-70e8-9a10-edc76016d7cb",{"id":1127,"word":1128,"frequency":69,"level":712,"language":8,"partsOfSpeech":1129,"audio":964},"019e4edb-75e2-799e-8504-8aeaf3a6d1d0","to begin with",[1130],{"id":1131,"partOfSpeech":961,"definition":1132,"exampleSentences":1133,"isPrimary":934,"meaningOrder":10},"019e4edb-8de6-7eca-837d-642a76395ecf","Used to introduce a point or argument, often indicating the first in a series.","To begin with, we need to clarify our goals for this project.\nThere are several reasons for this decision, but to begin with, it will save us time.\nTo begin with, I want to thank everyone for their hard work.",{"id":1135,"vocabularyWord":1136,"displayOrder":175},"019e4edb-75e9-72f1-89dd-11592864ad8c",{"id":1137,"word":1138,"frequency":61,"level":712,"language":8,"partsOfSpeech":1139,"audio":964},"019e4edb-75e6-78a4-9a10-edc7602f39f6","in conclusion",[1140],{"id":1141,"partOfSpeech":961,"definition":1142,"exampleSentences":1143,"isPrimary":934,"meaningOrder":10},"019e4edb-8d41-7f23-8fb3-cf408501cd8d","Used to introduce a summary or final statement in writing or speech.","In conclusion, we can see that climate change is a pressing issue that requires immediate action.\nThe report was thorough; in conclusion, it highlighted the need for further research.",{"id":1145,"vocabularyWord":1146,"displayOrder":183},"019e4edb-75e9-7c85-89dd-115928ef7ffb",{"id":1147,"word":1148,"frequency":77,"level":283,"language":8,"audioFilePath":1149,"partsOfSpeech":1150,"audio":934,"audioUrl":1155},"019b4697-708c-7a9f-bdc5-3562feb36117","actually","tts_10919672d5efc100_en-US.mp3",[1151],{"id":1152,"partOfSpeech":933,"definition":1153,"exampleSentences":1154,"isPrimary":934,"meaningOrder":10},"019b7c27-8e03-711a-bab0-3f1760338ae8","Used to emphasize the truth or reality of a situation.","I thought he was joking, but he actually meant it.\nShe is actually quite good at playing the piano.\nWe were late, but we actually made it to the meeting on time.","\u002Fuploads\u002Faudio\u002Ftts_10919672d5efc100_en-US.mp3",{"id":1157,"vocabularyWord":1158,"displayOrder":192},"019e4edb-75ea-75ab-9278-3a808d315d2b",{"id":1159,"word":1160,"frequency":69,"level":283,"language":8,"audioFilePath":1161,"partsOfSpeech":1162,"audio":934,"audioUrl":1167},"019b4697-714b-79c4-a109-53c47bfe3868","anyway","tts_f4794095c72ea8b2_en-US.mp3",[1163],{"id":1164,"partOfSpeech":933,"definition":1165,"exampleSentences":1166,"isPrimary":934,"meaningOrder":10},"019b7c34-7f52-7b4a-9776-7eb9f5fcc77e","Used to indicate that something is true despite what has been said before or to change the topic.","I was tired, but I went to the party anyway.\nShe didn’t want to eat, but she had a snack anyway.\nIt's raining, but we will go for a walk anyway.","\u002Fuploads\u002Faudio\u002Ftts_f4794095c72ea8b2_en-US.mp3",{"id":1169,"vocabularyWord":1170,"displayOrder":200},"019e4edb-75ef-75fd-82ac-45f2af8d00f9",{"id":1171,"word":1172,"frequency":69,"level":712,"language":8,"partsOfSpeech":1173,"audio":964},"019e4edb-75ea-7d3b-9278-3a808d7ad2f7","by the way",[1174],{"id":1175,"partOfSpeech":961,"definition":1176,"exampleSentences":1177,"isPrimary":934,"meaningOrder":10},"019e4edb-9674-719b-ae42-2ae4fa2cfda6","A phrase used to introduce a new topic or to add information that may not be directly related to the main subject.","By the way, did you remember to send that email?\nI saw your brother at the mall, by the way.\nBy the way, there's a new restaurant opening downtown.",{"id":1179,"vocabularyWord":1180,"displayOrder":216},"019e4edb-75f2-7ec3-8877-d4799542a667",{"id":1181,"word":1182,"frequency":61,"level":712,"language":8,"partsOfSpeech":1183,"audio":964},"019e4edb-75ef-7e01-82ac-45f2afa3bb80","after all",[1184],{"id":1185,"partOfSpeech":961,"definition":1186,"exampleSentences":1187,"isPrimary":934,"meaningOrder":10},"019e4edb-a137-7c4f-b987-65e11d1930f0","Used to indicate that something is true or valid despite previous doubts or expectations.","I wasn't sure if she would come, but after all, she loves parties.\nHe seemed uninterested at first, but after all, he had a lot on his mind.\nThey decided to go out for dinner after all, despite the rain.",{"id":1189,"vocabularyWord":1190,"displayOrder":224},"019e4edb-75f6-782c-acb5-8e6c0078b701",{"id":1191,"word":1192,"frequency":61,"level":712,"language":8,"partsOfSpeech":1193,"audio":964},"019e4edb-75f3-7764-ab64-7f95b714b2cb","in any case",[1194],{"id":1195,"partOfSpeech":961,"definition":1196,"exampleSentences":1197,"isPrimary":934,"meaningOrder":10},"019e4edb-a1f5-7b6f-b034-0bebca21a597","Used to indicate that something is true or will happen regardless of other circumstances.","In any case, we should prepare for the worst.\nI don't like that movie, but in any case, I will watch it with you.\nIn any case, she will be here by noon.",{"id":1199,"vocabularyWord":1200,"displayOrder":232},"019e4edb-75fa-70ee-9fd8-e2fe10de52c1",{"id":1201,"word":1202,"frequency":61,"level":712,"language":8,"partsOfSpeech":1203,"audio":964},"019e4edb-75f7-70b2-b010-a5210f4c474f","despite that",[1204],{"id":1205,"partOfSpeech":961,"definition":1206,"exampleSentences":1207,"isPrimary":934,"meaningOrder":10},"019e4edb-9a2e-74cb-b902-e94f4ff88305","Used to indicate that something happens or is true even though something else might have prevented it.","Despite that it was raining, we decided to go for a hike.\nShe succeeded in her career despite that she faced many obstacles.\nDespite that he was tired, he finished the project on time.",{"id":1209,"vocabularyWord":1210,"displayOrder":241},"019e4edb-75fd-7c0b-85e9-424261fe9bf1",{"id":1211,"word":1212,"frequency":61,"level":712,"language":8,"partsOfSpeech":1213,"audio":964},"019e4edb-75fa-7916-9fd8-e2fe11d5a0e6","regardless",[1214],{"id":1215,"partOfSpeech":933,"definition":1216,"exampleSentences":1217,"isPrimary":934,"meaningOrder":10},"019e4edb-a1a9-7739-9db7-97b0ecd4e9d9","Without paying attention to the current situation; despite the circumstances.","She continued to work hard, regardless of the challenges she faced.\nRegardless of the weather, the event will go on as planned.",[48]]