[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"grammar-page-en-present-perfect":3,"grammar-exercises-by-page-019b6a88-0003-7e9c-8479-e53dc8e247ce":412},{"id":4,"title":5,"slug":6,"content":7,"language":8,"level":9,"displayOrder":10,"grammarTopics":11,"createdAt":406,"updatedAt":407,"generatorCategories":408,"readyImages":410,"ogImageUrl":411},"019b6a88-0003-7e9c-8479-e53dc8e247ce","Present Perfect","present-perfect","## Reminder\n\nYou already know how to:\n\n* talk about the **present** (present simple & present continuous)\n* talk about the **past** (past simple)\n\nIn this lesson, you will learn a **way to connect the past and the present**.\nThe present perfect usually does not mention a finished past time such as yesterday, last night, or in 2022. It often focuses on experience or on a time period that is still continuing, such as today or this week.\n\nIf we say when the action happened (yesterday, last year, in 2022), we usually use the past simple, not the present perfect.\n\n## 1\\. What Is the Present Perfect?\n\nThe **present perfect** is used to talk about:\n\n* things that happened **before now**\n* but are **connected to the present**\n\nWe usually do not mention a finished past time. We can use the present perfect with time periods that are still continuing, such as today, this week, and this year.\n\n**Key idea:**\nPast action + present result or relevance\n\n## 2\\. How Is the Present Perfect Formed?\n\nThe basic structure is:\n\n**Subject + have \u002F has + past participle**\n\n* **have** → I \u002F you \u002F we \u002F they\n* **has** → he \u002F she \u002F it\n\nExamples\n\n* “I **have eaten** lunch.”\n* “She **has finished** her homework.”\n* “They **have visited** Paris.”\n\n### Negative sentences\n\nThe negative structure is:\n\n**Subject + have \u002F has + not + past participle**\n\nExamples:\n\n* “I **have not finished**.” → I **haven’t** finished.\n* “She **has not eaten** yet.” → She **hasn’t** eaten.\n\nThe main verb stays in the past participle form after both have and has.\n\n### Questions\n\nYes\u002FNo questions:\n\n**Have \u002F Has + subject + past participle?**\n\nExamples:\n\n* “**Have** you **been** to Spain?”\n* “**Has** she **finished** her work?”\n* “**Have** they **seen** this film?”\n\nShort answers:\n\n* Yes → “Yes, I have.” \u002F “Yes, she has.”\n* No → “No, I haven’t.” \u002F “No, she hasn’t.”\n\n### What Is a Past Participle?\n\nTo make these sentences, we need a special verb form called the past participle.\n\n#### Regular verbs\n\nRegular verbs form the past participle by adding **-ed**.\n\nExamples:\n\n* work → worked\n* clean → cleaned\n* play → played\n\nPast simple and past participle look the same for regular verbs.\n\n#### Irregular verbs\n\nIrregular verbs have a **different past participle form**.\n\nExamples:\n\n* go → **gone**\n* eat → **eaten**\n* see → **seen**\n* do → **done**\n* make → **made**\n\nThese forms must be learned.\n\n## 3\\. When Do We Use the Present Perfect?\n\nAt A2 level, focus on **these common uses of the present perfect**.\n\n### 3.1 Life Experience (Before Now)\n\nUse the present perfect to talk about **things you have experienced in your life**.\nThe time is usually **not mentioned**.\n\nWe use this for life experience when we do not say when it happened: I have been to Italy. If we say the finished time, we use the past simple: I went to Italy in 2022.\n\nExamples:\n\n* “I **have been** to Italy.”\n* “She **has tried** sushi.”\n* “We **have seen** that movie.”\n\nThink:\n“Is this about experience, or about a time period that is still continuing?”\n→ If yes, and no finished past time is given, use the present perfect.\n\n### 3.2 Actions in an Unfinished Time Period\n\nUse the present perfect when the time period is not finished. The action happened before now, but it is inside a time period that is still continuing. The action may happen once or several times in that period.\n\nExamples:\n\n* “I **have drunk** three coffees **today**.”\n* “She **has worked** a lot **this week**.”\n* “We **have met** many people **this year**.”\n\n(Today \u002F this week \u002F this year = still continuing.)\n\n## 4\\. Present Perfect vs Past Simple \\(Basic Comparison\\)\n\n**Present Perfect**\n\n* Time is **not mentioned**\n* Focus is on **experience**\n\nExample:\n\n* “I **have seen** that movie.”\n\n**Past Simple**\n\n* Time is **finished and mentioned**\n* Focus is on **when it happened**\n\nExample:\n\n* “I **saw** that movie **last night**.”\n\n**Compare:**\n\n* “I **have been** to London.”\n    → Experience\n* “I **went** to London **in 2022**.”\n    → Specific time\n\n## 5\\. Common Time Words Used with Present Perfect\n\nThese words often appear with the present perfect:\n\n* ever\n* never\n* already\n* yet\n* just\n* today\n* this week \u002F this month \u002F this year\n\nExamples:\n\n* “Have you **ever** tried Thai food?”\n* “I have **never** flown in a plane.”\n* “She has **already** finished.”\n* “They haven’t arrived **yet**.”\n* “I have **just** finished my homework.”\n\n(Some of these words do **not** name a finished past time like yesterday or last week. Some, such as today and this week, refer to a time period that is still continuing.)\n\n## 6\\. Easy Way to Remember\n\nAsk yourself:\n\n* Is the **time not important or not said**?\n* Is there a **connection to now**?\n* Am I talking about **experience** or a **time period that is still continuing**?\n\nIf yes → **Present Perfect**","en","A2",39,[12],{"id":13,"name":14,"level":9,"language":8,"isCompleted":15,"completionPercentage":16,"totalExercises":17,"completedExercises":16,"vocabularyLists":18},"019aee85-7396-7a48-a438-e9b7de9827f6","Present Perfect (basic uses: experience & unfinished time)",false,0,2,[19],{"id":20,"title":21,"grammarTopic":22,"displayOrder":23,"vocabularyListWords":24,"isPublished":37},"019bcc84-3c99-7ba0-b2d7-e58a0eaabb56","Past Participle Verbs","\u002Fapi\u002Fgrammar_topics\u002F019aee85-7396-7a48-a438-e9b7de9827f6",30,[25,43,62,78,86,101,112,124,146,166,173,190,197,212,223,244,261,276,294,309,327,342,363,378,391],{"id":26,"vocabularyWord":27,"displayOrder":38},"019bcc94-74c5-70a0-a1d8-26e8c7f347dd",{"id":28,"word":29,"frequency":30,"level":9,"language":8,"partsOfSpeech":31,"audio":15},"019bcc94-74be-7dfb-a8ac-a170d6927f37","eaten",9,[32,39],{"id":33,"partOfSpeech":34,"definition":35,"exampleSentences":36,"isPrimary":37,"meaningOrder":38},"019bcc94-8662-7c39-a187-2225b7890038","VERB","To consume food.","I eat breakfast every morning.\nShe likes to eat pizza on weekends.",true,1,{"id":40,"partOfSpeech":34,"definition":41,"exampleSentences":42,"isPrimary":15,"meaningOrder":17},"019bcc94-8662-7cd9-a187-2225b7feae16","To have something consumed by someone or something.","The dog has eaten my homework.\nThe fire quickly ate the dry grass.",{"id":44,"vocabularyWord":45,"displayOrder":17},"019bcc94-74c6-7dac-b027-59bbdd25187c",{"id":46,"word":47,"frequency":30,"level":9,"language":8,"partsOfSpeech":48,"audio":15},"019bcc94-74c5-7740-a1d8-26e8c8913482","seen",[49,53,57],{"id":50,"partOfSpeech":34,"definition":51,"exampleSentences":52,"isPrimary":37,"meaningOrder":38},"019bcc94-9e9f-7b4b-974e-63b7d4d25758","To perceive with the eyes","I see the stars in the sky.\nCan you see the mountains in the distance?",{"id":54,"partOfSpeech":34,"definition":55,"exampleSentences":56,"isPrimary":15,"meaningOrder":17},"019bcc94-9e9f-7bdf-974e-63b7d5792e4a","To understand or realize something","I see what you mean about the problem.\nDo you see how this works?",{"id":58,"partOfSpeech":34,"definition":59,"exampleSentences":60,"isPrimary":15,"meaningOrder":61},"019bcc94-9e9f-7c2f-974e-63b7d6358a63","To visit someone or something","I want to see my friend this weekend.\nDid you see the new movie?",3,{"id":63,"vocabularyWord":64,"displayOrder":61},"019bcc94-74c8-7805-b45d-a2b56c530f24",{"id":65,"word":66,"frequency":67,"level":9,"language":8,"partsOfSpeech":68,"audio":15},"019bcc94-74c7-73a9-8ab1-658db3d6e90c","done",8,[69,74],{"id":70,"partOfSpeech":71,"definition":72,"exampleSentences":73,"isPrimary":37,"meaningOrder":38},"019bcc94-aef6-7902-8d97-b061bd7bba91","ADJECTIVE","Completed or finished.","The project is done, and we can submit it now.\nI am done with my homework for today.",{"id":75,"partOfSpeech":34,"definition":76,"exampleSentences":77,"isPrimary":15,"meaningOrder":38},"019bcc94-aef6-7992-8d97-b061bd951509","Past participle of 'do', meaning to perform or execute an action.","I have done my best to help you.\nShe has done all the necessary preparations.",{"id":79,"vocabularyWord":80,"displayOrder":85},"019bcc94-74c8-7f31-b45d-a2b56cc7ab01",{"id":81,"word":82,"frequency":83,"level":9,"language":8,"partsOfSpeech":84,"audio":15},"019b4697-71d2-783e-88f9-e909015ab7ad","visited",7,[],4,{"id":87,"vocabularyWord":88,"displayOrder":100},"019bcc94-74c9-75bc-af97-feb93512a88e",{"id":89,"word":90,"frequency":67,"level":9,"language":8,"partsOfSpeech":91,"audio":15},"019b4697-7068-74d2-bbff-f79753d28488","taken",[92,96],{"id":93,"partOfSpeech":34,"definition":94,"exampleSentences":95,"isPrimary":37,"meaningOrder":38},"019b946f-2950-7140-ac41-e2008f6e6b29","To grab or receive something.","I will take the bus to school.\nShe took the book from the shelf.",{"id":97,"partOfSpeech":71,"definition":98,"exampleSentences":99,"isPrimary":15,"meaningOrder":17},"019b946f-2950-7210-ac41-e2008fd81cfc","Having been captured or received.","The taken photo was beautiful.\nHe was surprised by the taken opportunities.",5,{"id":102,"vocabularyWord":103,"displayOrder":111},"019bcc94-74cc-711c-a856-3560dc9b267a",{"id":104,"word":105,"frequency":67,"level":9,"language":8,"partsOfSpeech":106,"audio":15},"019bcc94-74c9-79ac-af97-feb935b487dc","told",[107],{"id":108,"partOfSpeech":34,"definition":109,"exampleSentences":110,"isPrimary":37,"meaningOrder":38},"019bcc94-baa8-77d2-a504-7aedd591a727","To communicate information to someone.","She told me a secret.\nHe always tells the best stories.",6,{"id":113,"vocabularyWord":114,"displayOrder":83},"019bcc94-74cc-76ec-a856-3560dd1c6448",{"id":115,"word":116,"frequency":67,"level":9,"language":8,"audioFilePath":117,"partsOfSpeech":118,"audio":37,"audioUrl":123},"019b4697-707d-7835-8d5e-ca2dee8adcc4","asked","tts_bd4bb6a127ef5b74_en-US.mp3",[119],{"id":120,"partOfSpeech":34,"definition":121,"exampleSentences":122,"isPrimary":37,"meaningOrder":38},"019b7c4b-8d19-7098-9554-2c1f24e3b9de","To say something in order to get information or to request something.","She asked me about my weekend plans.\nHe asked if I wanted to join him for lunch.","\u002Fuploads\u002Faudio\u002Ftts_bd4bb6a127ef5b74_en-US.mp3",{"id":125,"vocabularyWord":126,"displayOrder":67},"019bcc94-74cc-7c54-a856-3560ddebeffe",{"id":127,"word":128,"frequency":111,"level":9,"language":8,"audioFilePath":129,"partsOfSpeech":130,"audio":37,"audioUrl":145},"019b4697-7051-79f3-b20f-3f5c0709a662","given","tts_fe25784c9d1f877c_en-US.mp3",[131,135,140],{"id":132,"partOfSpeech":71,"definition":133,"exampleSentences":134,"isPrimary":37,"meaningOrder":38},"019b7ef9-672f-7eec-a5bd-c97d2ffa7551","Specified or stated; known","The given time for the test is one hour.\nHe always follows the given instructions carefully.",{"id":136,"partOfSpeech":137,"definition":138,"exampleSentences":139,"isPrimary":15,"meaningOrder":38},"019b7ef9-672f-7f9c-a5bd-c97d305598f1","ADVERB","In light of the fact; considering","Given the circumstances, we made the best decision.\nThe event was canceled, given the bad weather.",{"id":141,"partOfSpeech":142,"definition":143,"exampleSentences":144,"isPrimary":15,"meaningOrder":38},"019b7ef9-6730-704b-8fd3-bd86dfb69d01","NOUN","A fact or condition that is accepted as true or established","It is a given that everyone deserves respect.\nIn this case, we cannot assume any given.","\u002Fuploads\u002Faudio\u002Ftts_fe25784c9d1f877c_en-US.mp3",{"id":147,"vocabularyWord":148,"displayOrder":30},"019bcc94-74cd-7147-9bd5-5558601888d7",{"id":149,"word":150,"frequency":30,"level":9,"language":8,"audioFilePath":151,"partsOfSpeech":152,"audio":37,"audioUrl":165},"019b850c-a403-796f-a074-6c6ce7549d40","read","tts_71abf548ad9bd7fc_en-US.mp3",[153,157,161],{"id":154,"partOfSpeech":142,"definition":155,"exampleSentences":156,"isPrimary":37,"meaningOrder":38},"019b9385-fa69-71cc-853c-9ebd83f0f492","The act of interpreting written language.","Reading is essential for learning.\nI enjoy a good read before bed.",{"id":158,"partOfSpeech":34,"definition":159,"exampleSentences":160,"isPrimary":37,"meaningOrder":38},"019b9385-fa69-725c-853c-9ebd84a1bd08","To look at and comprehend the meaning of written or printed matter.","I love to read books on history.\nShe reads the newspaper every morning.",{"id":162,"partOfSpeech":34,"definition":163,"exampleSentences":164,"isPrimary":15,"meaningOrder":17},"019b9385-fa69-72a0-853c-9ebd85a0d455","To interpret or understand information from a source.","Can you read the temperature on the thermometer?\nHe read between the lines of the report.","\u002Fuploads\u002Faudio\u002Ftts_71abf548ad9bd7fc_en-US.mp3",{"id":167,"vocabularyWord":168,"displayOrder":172},"019bcc94-74cd-754b-9bd5-555860e7ca49",{"id":169,"word":170,"frequency":83,"level":9,"language":8,"partsOfSpeech":171,"audio":15},"019b4697-70dd-7d74-990d-1cb443798ab9","worked",[],10,{"id":174,"vocabularyWord":175,"displayOrder":189},"019bcc94-74cd-7afb-9bd5-555861a9736a",{"id":176,"word":177,"frequency":67,"level":9,"language":8,"audioFilePath":178,"partsOfSpeech":179,"audio":37,"audioUrl":188},"019b4697-7106-7717-977c-2bdec93b014d","played","tts_d3deb1cdd6f482ea_en-US.mp3",[180,184],{"id":181,"partOfSpeech":34,"definition":182,"exampleSentences":183,"isPrimary":37,"meaningOrder":38},"019b935d-37b9-7a6b-84b2-2ea8894527db","To engage in an activity for enjoyment or recreation.","I played soccer with my friends yesterday.\nChildren love to play outside.",{"id":185,"partOfSpeech":142,"definition":186,"exampleSentences":187,"isPrimary":15,"meaningOrder":38},"019b935d-37b9-7b03-84b2-2ea889cc2b3d","A form of entertainment performed by actors on a stage.","We went to see a play at the theater.\nThe play was very interesting and funny.","\u002Fuploads\u002Faudio\u002Ftts_d3deb1cdd6f482ea_en-US.mp3",11,{"id":191,"vocabularyWord":192,"displayOrder":196},"019bcc94-74ce-7128-9d2b-df9190439e89",{"id":193,"word":194,"frequency":83,"level":9,"language":8,"partsOfSpeech":195,"audio":15},"019b4697-724f-7c0f-a61f-6a9a3d9fa342","watched",[],12,{"id":198,"vocabularyWord":199,"displayOrder":211},"019bcc94-74ce-75c0-9d2b-df91907f246f",{"id":200,"word":201,"frequency":67,"level":9,"language":8,"partsOfSpeech":202,"audio":15},"019b4697-7201-7b3a-bb80-0c16f8330aaa","studied",[203,207],{"id":204,"partOfSpeech":142,"definition":205,"exampleSentences":206,"isPrimary":37,"meaningOrder":38},"019b941f-6413-7d5a-a322-4ae32ed07931","The act of learning or examining a subject","I have a study session every Saturday.\nHer study of biology helped her understand the human body.",{"id":208,"partOfSpeech":34,"definition":209,"exampleSentences":210,"isPrimary":37,"meaningOrder":38},"019b941f-6413-7dfa-a322-4ae32f95b036","To learn about a subject, especially in a formal way","I studied for my exam last night.\nShe studies English at the university.",13,{"id":213,"vocabularyWord":214,"displayOrder":222},"019bcc94-74d3-73e0-8643-cc844aa986e6",{"id":215,"word":216,"frequency":67,"level":9,"language":8,"partsOfSpeech":217,"audio":15},"019bcc94-74ce-7a4c-9d2b-df9190e103a6","traveled",[218],{"id":219,"partOfSpeech":34,"definition":220,"exampleSentences":221,"isPrimary":37,"meaningOrder":38},"019bcc94-cac3-7e1f-ad4e-10e2d5f9da02","To go from one place to another, often over a distance.","I traveled to Paris last summer.\nShe loves to travel and see new places.",14,{"id":224,"vocabularyWord":225,"displayOrder":243},"019bcc94-74d3-7c20-8643-cc844abf9545",{"id":226,"word":227,"frequency":67,"level":9,"language":8,"audioFilePath":228,"partsOfSpeech":229,"audio":37,"audioUrl":242},"019b4697-7116-79ad-a08f-4aa2903118bf","broken","tts_e1ac39233f368278_en-US.mp3",[230,234,238],{"id":231,"partOfSpeech":71,"definition":232,"exampleSentences":233,"isPrimary":37,"meaningOrder":38},"019b7c6b-3fc8-7889-bb69-44f2dda39f3c","Damaged and no longer able to function properly.","The chair is broken and cannot be used.\nShe felt broken after hearing the bad news.",{"id":235,"partOfSpeech":71,"definition":236,"exampleSentences":237,"isPrimary":15,"meaningOrder":17},"019b7c6b-3fc8-792d-bb69-44f2de3ab156","Not kept or followed, especially in terms of promises or rules.","He has a broken promise to pay me back.\nThe broken rules led to chaos in the game.",{"id":239,"partOfSpeech":34,"definition":240,"exampleSentences":241,"isPrimary":15,"meaningOrder":38},"019b7c6b-3fc8-7979-bb69-44f2decf308b","Past participle of break, meaning to cause to separate into pieces.","The vase was broken by the cat.\nThe window has been broken during the storm.","\u002Fuploads\u002Faudio\u002Ftts_e1ac39233f368278_en-US.mp3",15,{"id":245,"vocabularyWord":246,"displayOrder":260},"019bcc94-74d4-7316-b3d6-2276b17854dc",{"id":247,"word":248,"frequency":111,"level":9,"language":8,"audioFilePath":249,"partsOfSpeech":250,"audio":37,"audioUrl":259},"019b4697-7025-7f95-be4f-f6532238c97d","found","tts_364a83c5ba612b87_en-US.mp3",[251,255],{"id":252,"partOfSpeech":34,"definition":253,"exampleSentences":254,"isPrimary":37,"meaningOrder":38},"019b7ef0-b8f6-7818-96a2-d108286ed228","To establish or set up something, such as an organization or institution.","They founded a new school in the community.\nThe company was founded in 1990.",{"id":256,"partOfSpeech":34,"definition":257,"exampleSentences":258,"isPrimary":15,"meaningOrder":17},"019b7ef0-b8f6-78e8-96a2-d10828c950fb","To discover something that was lost or hidden.","I found my keys under the couch.\nShe found a beautiful shell on the beach.","\u002Fuploads\u002Faudio\u002Ftts_364a83c5ba612b87_en-US.mp3",16,{"id":262,"vocabularyWord":263,"displayOrder":275},"019bcc94-74d6-7ee3-8351-a0b2aebd9f97",{"id":264,"word":265,"frequency":111,"level":9,"language":8,"partsOfSpeech":266,"audio":15},"019bcc94-74d4-76de-b3d6-2276b1f616a9","worn",[267,271],{"id":268,"partOfSpeech":71,"definition":269,"exampleSentences":270,"isPrimary":37,"meaningOrder":38},"019bcc94-dbd2-733d-8192-0aeb09c8d784","Damaged or used through wear; not new.","He wore a worn jacket that had many holes.\nThe book looked worn after being read so many times.",{"id":272,"partOfSpeech":34,"definition":273,"exampleSentences":274,"isPrimary":15,"meaningOrder":38},"019bcc94-dbd2-73d1-8192-0aeb0a894278","Past participle of 'wear'; to have on one's body as clothing.","She has worn that dress to several parties.\nI have worn my shoes for years and they are still comfortable.",17,{"id":277,"vocabularyWord":278,"displayOrder":293},"019bcc95-44e2-7543-b581-acd7b0ba14f0",{"id":279,"word":280,"frequency":67,"level":281,"language":8,"audioFilePath":282,"partsOfSpeech":283,"audio":37,"audioUrl":292},"019b6ae1-d5ad-796e-95e5-ac32353c95fe","gone","A1","tts_75bf76e47f608a99_en-US.mp3",[284,288],{"id":285,"partOfSpeech":71,"definition":286,"exampleSentences":287,"isPrimary":37,"meaningOrder":38},"019b7efb-0906-72c7-a7a9-0053bcf4da99","No longer present or available; having left or departed.","The cookies are all gone.\nHe is gone to the store.",{"id":289,"partOfSpeech":34,"definition":290,"exampleSentences":291,"isPrimary":15,"meaningOrder":38},"019b7efb-0906-736f-a7a9-0053bd13f10d","Past participle of 'go'; to have left a place.","She has gone home.\nThey have gone to the beach for the day.","\u002Fuploads\u002Faudio\u002Ftts_75bf76e47f608a99_en-US.mp3",18,{"id":295,"vocabularyWord":296,"displayOrder":308},"019bcc95-44e2-7613-b581-acd7b1147934",{"id":297,"word":298,"frequency":30,"level":281,"language":8,"partsOfSpeech":299,"audio":15},"019bb1c1-51e5-7a58-af98-2179e59adaab","made",[300,304],{"id":301,"partOfSpeech":34,"definition":302,"exampleSentences":303,"isPrimary":37,"meaningOrder":38},"019bb1c1-8863-701c-bdfb-46e1a53bbe3f","To create or construct something.","I will make a cake for your birthday.\nShe likes to make her own clothes.",{"id":305,"partOfSpeech":34,"definition":306,"exampleSentences":307,"isPrimary":15,"meaningOrder":17},"019bb1c1-8863-70bc-bdfb-46e1a5ed930c","To cause something to happen.","This song makes me happy.\nHe made me laugh with his joke.",19,{"id":310,"vocabularyWord":311,"displayOrder":326},"019bcc95-44e2-7667-b581-acd7b1fee42e",{"id":312,"word":313,"frequency":67,"level":314,"language":8,"audioFilePath":315,"partsOfSpeech":316,"audio":37,"audioUrl":325},"019b4697-7068-7562-bbff-f79755f663bd","known","B1","tts_dbe37f1e4a1d127a_en-US.mp3",[317,321],{"id":318,"partOfSpeech":34,"definition":319,"exampleSentences":320,"isPrimary":37,"meaningOrder":38},"019b92c7-6410-738c-8ddc-6959fc1fb678","To have information about something or to be certain about something.","I know the answer to the question.\nDo you know where she is?",{"id":322,"partOfSpeech":71,"definition":323,"exampleSentences":324,"isPrimary":15,"meaningOrder":17},"019b92c7-6410-7428-8ddc-6959fce4876b","Recognized or understood; familiar.","He is a known expert in his field.\nThis is a known issue that we are working to resolve.","\u002Fuploads\u002Faudio\u002Ftts_dbe37f1e4a1d127a_en-US.mp3",20,{"id":328,"vocabularyWord":329,"displayOrder":341},"019bcc95-44e2-768b-b581-acd7b2299f5c",{"id":330,"word":331,"frequency":111,"level":281,"language":8,"partsOfSpeech":332,"audio":15},"019bbd6c-94f3-717b-8f01-2729de5ddc45","felt",[333,337],{"id":334,"partOfSpeech":142,"definition":335,"exampleSentences":336,"isPrimary":37,"meaningOrder":38},"019bbd6c-be61-768e-b8e0-d5dad772e6c9","A type of fabric made from fibers, often used for crafts.","I bought some felt to make a craft project.\nThe felt was soft and easy to cut.",{"id":338,"partOfSpeech":34,"definition":339,"exampleSentences":340,"isPrimary":37,"meaningOrder":38},"019bbd6c-be62-7ca8-bbf1-c6d2fc68a5d7","To experience a particular sensation or emotion.","I felt happy when I saw my friend.\nShe felt cold in the winter.",21,{"id":343,"vocabularyWord":344,"displayOrder":362},"019bcc98-9fbb-752b-b1e6-b662533b0b58",{"id":345,"word":346,"frequency":30,"level":9,"language":8,"audioFilePath":347,"partsOfSpeech":348,"audio":37,"audioUrl":361},"019b850c-a402-7f02-be1e-5bc699fa73fd","come","tts_ace522708b115768_en-US.mp3",[349,353,357],{"id":350,"partOfSpeech":34,"definition":351,"exampleSentences":352,"isPrimary":15,"meaningOrder":17},"019b8518-ee5a-7d14-8291-fd02e1c7f6aa","To occur or take place.","The moment you come to understand it, everything changes.\nThe news came as a surprise to everyone.",{"id":354,"partOfSpeech":34,"definition":355,"exampleSentences":356,"isPrimary":15,"meaningOrder":61},"019b8518-ee5a-7d5c-8291-fd02e238822f","To reach a particular state or condition.","He finally came to realize the importance of time management.\nShe came to appreciate the beauty of nature.",{"id":358,"partOfSpeech":34,"definition":359,"exampleSentences":360,"isPrimary":37,"meaningOrder":38},"019b8518-ee5a-7c70-8291-fd02e13363ed","To move toward or approach a person or place.","Please come to my party this Saturday.\nShe came home late last night.","\u002Fuploads\u002Faudio\u002Ftts_ace522708b115768_en-US.mp3",22,{"id":364,"vocabularyWord":365,"displayOrder":377},"019e4ebe-ab82-7550-9b08-63a051385ab7",{"id":366,"word":367,"frequency":83,"level":9,"language":8,"partsOfSpeech":368,"audio":15},"019e4ebe-ab50-7bba-bba8-53b390c8045f","beaten",[369,373],{"id":370,"partOfSpeech":34,"definition":371,"exampleSentences":372,"isPrimary":37,"meaningOrder":38},"019e4ebe-c045-7c81-a004-cecb09c13f79","To hit someone or something repeatedly.","He beat the drum loudly during the parade.\nShe beat her opponent in the tennis match.",{"id":374,"partOfSpeech":71,"definition":375,"exampleSentences":376,"isPrimary":15,"meaningOrder":38},"019e4ebe-c045-7d31-a004-cecb0a7ca1f3","Having been defeated or worn down.","After a long day, I felt beaten and ready for bed.\nThe beaten path was easy to follow through the woods.",23,{"id":379,"vocabularyWord":380,"displayOrder":390},"019e4ebe-ab83-7105-a046-28c7dd2097d9",{"id":381,"word":382,"frequency":67,"level":9,"language":8,"audioFilePath":383,"partsOfSpeech":384,"audio":37,"audioUrl":389},"019b4697-7116-791d-a08f-4aa28cf8beaf","bought","tts_6dcf2925c6a41943_en-US.mp3",[385],{"id":386,"partOfSpeech":34,"definition":387,"exampleSentences":388,"isPrimary":37,"meaningOrder":38},"019b7c67-4c43-7dc9-b1f2-f993f0ae83c2","The past tense of buy, meaning to acquire something by paying for it.","I bought a new book yesterday.\nShe bought groceries for the week.","\u002Fuploads\u002Faudio\u002Ftts_6dcf2925c6a41943_en-US.mp3",24,{"id":392,"vocabularyWord":393,"displayOrder":405},"019e4ebe-ab83-7991-a046-28c7dd4932ed",{"id":394,"word":395,"frequency":67,"level":9,"language":8,"partsOfSpeech":396,"audio":15},"019b4697-724f-7b5f-a61f-6a9a3b40f840","spoken",[397,401],{"id":398,"partOfSpeech":71,"definition":399,"exampleSentences":400,"isPrimary":37,"meaningOrder":38},"019b9408-527e-7ce3-95b4-d4fba07be36e","Related to verbal communication or language.","He is a spoken word artist who performs poetry.\nThe spoken language is different from the written language.",{"id":402,"partOfSpeech":34,"definition":403,"exampleSentences":404,"isPrimary":15,"meaningOrder":38},"019b9408-527e-7d83-95b4-d4fba1319135","To use words to communicate verbally.","I will speak to her about the project.\nCan you speak English?",25,"2025-12-29T14:34:16+00:00","2026-07-14T17:37:20+00:00",[409],"grammar_exercise_questions_tenses",[],"\u002Fuploads\u002Fimages\u002Fog_019b6a88-0003-7e9c-8479-e53dc8e247ce.jpg?v=1784050640",[413,420],{"@id":414,"@type":415,"id":416,"grammarPage":417,"title":418,"instructions":419,"displayOrder":16,"isCompleted":15},"\u002Fapi\u002Fgrammar_exercises\u002F019d2f44-7786-7973-bb99-ff1c2e2fce28","GrammarExercise","019d2f44-7786-7973-bb99-ff1c2e2fce28","\u002Fapi\u002Fgrammar_pages\u002F019b6a88-0003-7e9c-8479-e53dc8e247ce","Present Perfect - Life Experiences","Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb in the Present Perfect. Click on each blank and choose the correct option from the dropdown menu. Some sentences may have more than one blank, so complete all of them.",{"@id":421,"@type":415,"id":422,"grammarPage":417,"title":423,"instructions":419,"displayOrder":38,"isCompleted":15},"\u002Fapi\u002Fgrammar_exercises\u002F019d2f44-7787-7612-9f46-9a4347042b5b","019d2f44-7787-7612-9f46-9a4347042b5b","Present Perfect - Recent Achievements"]