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Other","another-other-others-the-other",70.75,{"id":474,"title":475,"slug":476,"language":9,"level":357,"displayOrder":477},"019b7f43-6879-7d25-94aa-fe53784d39c4","Clauses & Linking Words (Cause, Effect, Contrast, Purpose)","cause-and-effect",71,{"id":479,"title":480,"slug":481,"language":9,"level":357,"displayOrder":482},"019b93a4-f831-7564-898b-bd3291f2af79","Second Conditional","second-conditional",72,{"id":484,"title":485,"slug":486,"language":9,"level":357,"displayOrder":487},"019b93bb-80fa-76ce-8b72-e7352b6083b0","Third Conditional","third-conditional",73,{"id":489,"title":490,"slug":491,"language":9,"level":357,"displayOrder":492},"019b9421-c1ca-7371-93ae-96dd1106e47c","Reported speech \u002F Indirect speech","reported-speech-indirect-speech",74,{"id":494,"title":495,"slug":496,"language":9,"level":357,"displayOrder":497},"019dfd54-bbaf-7b5b-921a-1fb3d0c2a2a6","Gerund vs Infinitive","gerund-vs-infinitive",74.5,{"id":499,"title":500,"slug":501,"language":9,"level":357,"displayOrder":502},"01a0e1ab-d5d8-7484-8fca-82bc3d0644d7","Indirect Questions with If, Whether and Question Words","indirect-questions-with-if-whether-and-question-words",74.51,{"id":504,"title":505,"slug":506,"language":9,"level":357,"displayOrder":507},"01a0e1ab-d564-7990-a767-ffb4264741b3","Be Used to and Get Used to","be-used-to-and-get-used-to",74.52,{"id":509,"title":510,"slug":511,"language":9,"level":357,"displayOrder":512},"01a0e1ab-d5fd-7a5b-8f33-7d17c98ef74a","So Do I and Neither Do I","so-do-i-and-neither-do-i",74.53,{"id":514,"title":515,"slug":516,"language":9,"level":357,"displayOrder":517},"01a0e1ab-d627-7249-805f-9514f407e8a4","Verbs with Two Objects: To and For","verbs-with-two-objects-to-and-for",74.54,{"id":519,"title":520,"slug":521,"language":9,"level":357,"displayOrder":522},"01a0e1ab-d621-75b7-8c67-9601c998b52e","Verbs with Dependent Prepositions","verbs-with-dependent-prepositions",74.55,{"id":524,"title":525,"slug":526,"language":9,"level":357,"displayOrder":527},"01a0e1ab-d5eb-7838-9223-95e410fff7b9","Nouns with Dependent Prepositions","nouns-with-dependent-prepositions",74.56,{"id":529,"title":530,"slug":531,"language":9,"level":357,"displayOrder":532},"01a0e1ab-d5cc-783e-9492-99f1542755f2","Had Better: Advice and Warnings","had-better-advice-and-warnings",74.57,{"id":534,"title":535,"slug":536,"language":9,"level":537,"displayOrder":538},"019b986e-3c6a-72a3-9d42-65053d9e4657","Past Perfect (B2)","past-perfect-b2","B2",75,{"id":540,"title":541,"slug":542,"language":9,"level":537,"displayOrder":543},"019b9875-a5b8-753a-8892-02d60cf124f3","Past Perfect Continuous","past-perfect-continuous",76,{"id":545,"title":546,"slug":547,"language":9,"level":537,"displayOrder":548},"019b98ad-b43d-70eb-9bf8-98360d4b8745","Narrative tenses","narrative-tenses",77,{"id":550,"title":551,"slug":552,"language":9,"level":537,"displayOrder":553},"019b98bb-42d1-7d70-8952-3f7934673d2c","Would - Expressing habits in the past","would-expressing-habits-in-the-past",78,{"id":555,"title":556,"slug":557,"language":9,"level":537,"displayOrder":558},"019b98bd-abbe-77ac-84ec-e3ed78abff75","Future Continuous (B2)","future-continuous-b2",79,{"id":560,"title":561,"slug":562,"language":9,"level":537,"displayOrder":563},"019b996c-756a-7595-8991-7fbfd497bca0","Future Perfect","future-perfect",80,{"id":565,"title":566,"slug":567,"language":9,"level":537,"displayOrder":568},"019b9973-ccc0-7aea-94b3-d59ca2b27d38","Future Perfect Continuous","future-perfect-continuous",81,{"id":570,"title":571,"slug":572,"language":9,"level":537,"displayOrder":573},"019dfde9-8a73-7247-ac3c-834f3e800f0a","Future in the Past","future-in-the-past",81.5,{"id":575,"title":576,"slug":577,"language":9,"level":537,"displayOrder":578},"019b997c-1273-7267-bc94-e10133989373","Adjectives and Adverbs","adjectives-and-adverbs",82,{"id":580,"title":581,"slug":582,"language":9,"level":537,"displayOrder":583},"019dfd9b-c2c7-7f83-b2ce-1554f06f427c","Discourse Markers","discourse-markers",82.5,{"id":585,"title":586,"slug":587,"language":9,"level":537,"displayOrder":588},"019ba3df-b04f-7684-9f23-1939e873ec29","Defining & non-defining relative clauses","defining-non-defining-relative-clauses",83,{"id":590,"title":591,"slug":592,"language":9,"level":537,"displayOrder":593},"019ba3fc-5f03-7360-a405-79bca6f524d2","Passive voice","passive-voice",84,{"id":595,"title":596,"slug":597,"language":9,"level":537,"displayOrder":598},"019ba7c7-5eb8-76f4-a04c-ce82fa1b4568","Passive Voice: Additional Uses and Nuances","passive-voice-additional-uses-and-nuances",85,{"id":600,"title":601,"slug":602,"language":9,"level":537,"displayOrder":603},"019dfdfa-7403-7489-8772-2ee826b8e57b","There vs It","there-vs-it",85.5,{"id":605,"title":606,"slug":607,"language":9,"level":537,"displayOrder":608},"019ba7d2-7094-7519-b0f1-7b9c0b8d1a84","Deduction & Speculation (Modals)","deduction-speculation-modals",86,{"id":610,"title":611,"slug":612,"language":9,"level":537,"displayOrder":613},"019ba7e3-8713-7c45-a547-be8a80ad5763","Modals (can’t have & needn’t have)","modals-cant-have-neednt-have",87,{"id":615,"title":616,"slug":617,"language":9,"level":537,"displayOrder":618},"019ba7f0-c7aa-7cb5-820b-7cf90b088c6d","Wish (Expressing Regret, Desire, and Imagined Situations)","wish-expressing-regret-desire-and-imagined-situations",88,{"id":620,"title":621,"slug":622,"language":9,"level":537,"displayOrder":623},"019ba801-1386-70f7-b6f1-0000e045cc8b","Mixed Conditionals","mixed-conditionals",89,{"id":625,"title":626,"slug":627,"language":9,"level":537,"displayOrder":628},"019ba80b-0997-7e31-aec6-b14a79efe69e","Reported Speech","reported-speech",90,{"id":630,"title":631,"slug":632,"language":9,"level":537,"displayOrder":633},"019dfdf1-5b30-731a-b71e-63d79f5a409b","Verb Patterns","verb-patterns",90.5,{"id":635,"title":636,"slug":637,"language":9,"level":537,"displayOrder":638},"01a0e1ab-d608-72f0-ae7b-02084e6afb58","Subject-Verb Agreement with Complex Subjects","subject-verb-agreement-with-complex-subjects",90.51,{"id":640,"title":641,"slug":642,"language":9,"level":537,"displayOrder":643},"01a0e1ab-d5f1-7df8-9e70-f2c2ebdb7f87","Participle Clauses for Time, Reason and Result","participle-clauses-for-time-reason-and-result",90.52,{"id":645,"title":646,"slug":647,"language":9,"level":537,"displayOrder":648},"01a0e1ab-d5b1-734c-b34d-419db9e26b1d","Emphatic Do, Does and Did","emphatic-do-does-and-did",90.53,{"id":650,"title":651,"slug":652,"language":9,"level":537,"displayOrder":653},"01a0e1ab-d633-7103-8c29-0ff220ac6d29","Would Rather, Would Prefer and Prefer","would-rather-would-prefer-and-prefer",90.54,{"id":655,"title":656,"slug":657,"language":9,"level":537,"displayOrder":658},"01a0e1ab-d614-7ce6-bb2b-df1c89246cd8","That-Clauses and Whether-Clauses as Complements","that-clauses-and-whether-clauses-as-complements",90.55,{"id":660,"title":661,"slug":662,"language":9,"level":663,"displayOrder":664},"019ba879-7d5a-7e14-8941-8c79d67c94ed","Narrative tenses for experience, incl. passive","narrative-tenses-for-experience-incl-passive","C1",91,{"id":666,"title":667,"slug":668,"language":9,"level":663,"displayOrder":669},"019ba883-e2dd-7cf2-becf-a1b53f06feaa","Future Tenses (Revision)","future-tenses-revision",92,{"id":671,"title":672,"slug":673,"language":9,"level":663,"displayOrder":674},"019ba891-4e3d-7714-b92c-7cab6023957a","Mixed Conditionals (Past, present & future)","mixed-conditionals-past-present-future",93,{"id":676,"title":677,"slug":678,"language":9,"level":663,"displayOrder":679},"019ba897-8cbb-7842-ad6e-c6e11ffa1701","Wish \u002F If only (Regrets)","wish-if-only-regrets",94,{"id":681,"title":682,"slug":683,"language":9,"level":663,"displayOrder":684},"019ba8a9-71c4-7787-96a0-6a02f8a55e49","Passive Forms","passive-forms",95,{"id":686,"title":687,"slug":688,"language":9,"level":663,"displayOrder":689},"019ba8b8-bc3e-7662-8e7a-4c432325ad08","Modals in the past","modals-in-the-past",96,{"id":691,"title":692,"slug":693,"language":9,"level":663,"displayOrder":694},"019dfe19-a32b-7ab1-9be5-4aebce963308","Modal Verbs: Will, Would & Should","modal-verbs-will-would-should",96.5,{"id":696,"title":697,"slug":698,"language":9,"level":663,"displayOrder":699},"019dfe2a-3524-779c-9c22-273be8bd4134","Modal Verbs: Can, Could, May & Might","modal-verbs-can-could-may-might",96.75,{"id":701,"title":702,"slug":703,"language":9,"level":663,"displayOrder":704},"019ba8c3-4434-78e7-a2af-f992da01a459","Inversion with negative adverbials","inversion-with-negative-adverbials",97,{"id":706,"title":707,"slug":708,"language":9,"level":663,"displayOrder":709},"01a0e1ab-d5aa-756b-b06b-76ca59800cb2","Ellipsis with Auxiliaries and Infinitives","ellipsis-with-auxiliaries-and-infinitives",97.01,{"id":711,"title":712,"slug":713,"language":9,"level":663,"displayOrder":714},"01a0e1ab-d60e-7755-901b-763344a63a75","Substitution with Do So, So and Not","substitution-with-do-so-so-and-not",97.02,{"id":716,"title":717,"slug":718,"language":9,"level":663,"displayOrder":719},"01a0e1ab-d57e-70e9-98fe-8107fd9c38c1","Complex Noun Phrases: Modification and Complementation","complex-noun-phrases-modification-and-complementation",97.03,{"id":721,"title":722,"slug":723,"language":9,"level":663,"displayOrder":724},"01a0e1ab-d5e5-73b5-b5bc-53d16d704466","Nominalisation and Noun-Based Style","nominalisation-and-noun-based-style",97.04,{"id":726,"title":727,"slug":728,"language":9,"level":663,"displayOrder":729},"01a0e1ab-d61b-7161-8c0a-c5eded00cf86","The Subjunctive in Demands and Recommendations","the-subjunctive-in-demands-and-recommendations",97.05,{"id":731,"title":732,"slug":733,"language":9,"level":663,"displayOrder":734},"01a0e1ab-d56c-78aa-b897-1469dd6a3315","Cleft Sentences: It-Clefts, Wh-Clefts and All-Clefts","cleft-sentences-it-clefts-wh-clefts-and-all-clefts",97.06,{"id":736,"title":737,"slug":738,"language":9,"level":663,"displayOrder":739},"01a0e1ab-d594-7dd6-9ff4-94959247d273","Concession with Whatever, No Matter and As","concession-with-whatever-no-matter-and-as",97.07,{"id":741,"title":742,"slug":743,"language":9,"level":744,"displayOrder":745},"01a0e1ab-d542-7721-9c84-6e47716ee54b","Absolute and Verbless Supplementary Clauses","absolute-and-verbless-supplementary-clauses","C2",98,{"id":747,"title":748,"slug":749,"language":9,"level":744,"displayOrder":750},"01a0e1ab-d5bf-7022-8177-a107314b83fb","Free Relative Clauses: Reference and Ambiguity","free-relative-clauses-reference-and-ambiguity",99,{"id":752,"title":753,"slug":754,"language":9,"level":744,"displayOrder":755},"01a0e1ab-d5c5-7677-85af-023326574682","Gapping and Shared Elements in Coordination","gapping-and-shared-elements-in-coordination",100,{"id":757,"title":758,"slug":759,"language":9,"level":744,"displayOrder":760},"01a0e1ab-d59c-7289-a960-fc9da7101a43","Dislocation and Resumptive Pronouns in Spoken Discourse","dislocation-and-resumptive-pronouns-in-spoken-discourse",101,{"id":762,"title":763,"slug":764,"language":9,"level":744,"displayOrder":765},"01a0e1ab-d5de-7245-aaf8-c59b501eafc4","Negation, Quantifier Scope and Ambiguity","negation-quantifier-scope-and-ambiguity",102,{"id":173,"title":174,"slug":175,"seoDescription":767,"content":768,"language":9,"level":10,"displayOrder":176,"grammarTopics":769,"createdAt":775,"updatedAt":776,"vocabularyLists":777,"primaryTopicHub":778,"readyImages":780},"Learn regular and irregular plural nouns: add -s or -es, change -y to -ies, and use forms such as children, people and sheep when counting things.","Use **one book** or **two books** to say how many. Here you will learn how to make regular plurals, recognise common irregular plurals and use nouns that stay the same.\n\n## 1. One or more than one\n\nA **singular** noun names one person, animal or thing. A **plural** noun names more than one.\n\n| Singular: one | Plural: more than one |\n| --- | --- |\n| one book | two **books** |\n| one dog | three **dogs** |\n| one child | four **children** |\n\nUse the plural after numbers such as **two, three** and **ten**.\n\n:::example\nI have one **sister**. Ben has two **sisters**.\n\nThere is one **chair** in the kitchen. There are four **chairs** in the bedroom.\n:::\n\n## 2. Add -s or -es\n\nFor most nouns, add **-s**.\n\n| Singular | Plural |\n| --- | --- |\n| book | **books** |\n| car | **cars** |\n| apple | **apples** |\n| shoe | **shoes** |\n\nFor nouns ending in **-s, -ss, -sh, -ch** or **-x**, usually add **-es**.\n\n| Ending | Singular | Plural |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| -s | bus | **buses** |\n| -ss | class | **classes** |\n| -sh | dish | **dishes** |\n| -ch | watch | **watches** |\n| -x | box | **boxes** |\n\nA few nouns have other spelling changes: **quiz → quizzes**.\n\n:::example\nWe need two **boxes**.\n\nShe has three **watches**.\n\nThe **buses** are red.\n:::\n\n## 3. Nouns ending in -y\n\nLook at the letter before **-y**. The letters **a, e, i, o, u** are vowels. Most other letters are consonants.\n\n- **Consonant + y:** change **-y** to **-ies**.\n- **Vowel + y:** keep **-y** and add **-s**.\n\n| Singular | Letter before -y | Plural |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| baby | b: consonant | **babies** |\n| city | t: consonant | **cities** |\n| family | l: consonant | **families** |\n| boy | o: vowel | **boys** |\n| key | e: vowel | **keys** |\n| toy | o: vowel | **toys** |\n\n:::warning\nDo not change every **-y** to **-ies**.\n\n✓ two **babies**, two **boys**\n\n✗ two babys, two boies\n:::\n\n## 4. Other spelling changes\n\nSome nouns ending in **-f** or **-fe** change to **-ves**. Others simply add **-s**. Learn each noun with its plural.\n\n| Singular | Plural |\n| --- | --- |\n| leaf | **leaves** |\n| wife | **wives** |\n| knife | **knives** |\n| roof | **roofs** |\n\nNouns ending in **-o** can also be different:\n\n| Add -es | Add -s |\n| --- | --- |\n| potato → **potatoes** | photo → **photos** |\n| tomato → **tomatoes** | radio → **radios** |\n\n:::tip\nWrite new words in pairs: **one potato — two potatoes**. Check a dictionary when you are not sure of the plural.\n:::\n\n## 5. Irregular plurals and unchanged nouns\n\nSome common nouns have a different plural form. Do not just add **-s**.\n\n| Singular | Plural |\n| --- | --- |\n| person | **people** |\n| child | **children** |\n| man | **men** |\n| woman | **women** |\n| foot | **feet** |\n| tooth | **teeth** |\n| mouse | **mice** |\n\n:::example\nThere are five **people** at the bus stop.\n\nThe two **children** are playing.\n\nMy **feet** are cold.\n:::\n\nSome nouns have the **same form** for singular and plural.\n\n| Singular | Plural |\n| --- | --- |\n| one sheep | two **sheep** |\n| one fish | three **fish** |\n\n:::note\nUse **fish** for ordinary counting: **one fish, two fish**. You may see **fishes** when people talk about different types of fish.\n:::\n\n## 6. Check your plural\n\n1. Use the singular for **one** and the plural for **two or more**.\n2. For most nouns, add **-s**. Check endings such as **-sh, -ch, -x** and **-y**.\n3. Remember special forms: **children, people, feet**.\n4. Keep unchanged forms the same: **two sheep**, not *two sheeps*.\n\n:::warning\nDo not add an extra **-s** to an irregular plural.\n\n✓ three **children**\n\n✗ three childrens\n\nDo not use an apostrophe to make these nouns plural: **two books**, not *two book's*.\n:::\n\nRemember: **one book → two books; one baby → two babies; one child → two children; one sheep → two sheep**.",[770],{"id":771,"name":772,"level":10,"language":9,"isCompleted":773,"completionPercentage":774,"totalExercises":126,"completedExercises":774},"01a03036-2736-7c41-a4bf-c79baeeeb16e","Countable nouns and basic quantity",false,0,"2026-09-27T07:02:10+00:00","2026-10-14T10:40:29+00:00",[],{"name":772,"slug":779,"language":9},"countable-nouns-and-quantity-a1",[],{"id":771,"name":772,"slug":779,"language":9,"level":10,"introduction":782,"lessonCount":26,"totalExercises":126,"objectives":783,"prerequisites":788,"lessons":790},"Quantity expressions become much easier once you can form plurals and decide whether a noun is countable. Follow this sequence to make plural nouns, classify nouns, ask about amounts naturally, and distinguish a small but sufficient quantity from one that feels insufficient.",[784,785,786,787],"Form regular and common irregular plural nouns.","Distinguish countable and uncountable nouns.","Choose how many or how much and their common answer forms.","Use a few, few, a little, and little with the intended positive or negative meaning.",[789],"Know common everyday nouns and the numbers one to ten.",[791,810,830,852],{"id":173,"contentId":792,"slug":175,"title":174,"level":10,"summary":793,"order":11,"exercises":794},"pg_f3eac16b-2c09-4ea8-828b-b238ba861458","Forms regular plurals with -s, -es and -ies and the common irregular plurals such as children, people and sheep for counting things.",[795,799,803,807],{"id":796,"title":797,"order":774,"type":798},"01a0e1ab-ddab-76f8-b70e-2b1050ee6c11","Regular and Irregular Plural Nouns — Forms in Context","word_select",{"id":800,"title":801,"order":11,"type":802},"01a0e1ab-ddff-7d39-8b93-6c880c236ae1","Regular and Irregular Plural Nouns — Plural Patterns","word_sort",{"id":804,"title":805,"order":16,"type":806},"01a0e1ab-de0c-7577-b6ae-3483f656b9e4","Plural Nouns — Things Around Town","sentence_builder",{"id":808,"title":809,"order":21,"type":806},"01a0e1ab-de34-74bf-bc76-a55382b8f569","Plural Nouns — People and Nature",{"id":93,"contentId":811,"slug":95,"title":94,"level":10,"summary":812,"order":16,"exercises":813},"pg_019b517d-f126-70a5-ba17-169ab1bf08b2","Establishes the difference between countable and uncountable nouns, suitable determiners, containers, and common agreement errors.",[814,817,820,823,826],{"id":815,"title":816,"order":774,"type":798},"019d153e-473b-70ad-b033-4a35cb901212","Countable and Uncountable Nouns - Grocery Shopping",{"id":818,"title":819,"order":11,"type":798},"019d153e-473b-7c61-b033-4a35cb901428","Countable and Uncountable Nouns - Daily Activities",{"id":821,"title":822,"order":16,"type":806},"019faa5f-74b3-7a1b-aadf-67e5b5250681","Build Countable and Uncountable Sentences",{"id":824,"title":825,"order":21,"type":802},"01a01413-940a-7645-b964-406c02cbe477","Countable and Uncountable Nouns – Sort the Nouns",{"id":827,"title":828,"order":26,"type":829},"01a01413-940f-7ecc-869c-a7c412e3a346","Countable or Uncountable - Find and Fix","find_and_fix",{"id":98,"contentId":831,"slug":100,"title":99,"level":10,"summary":832,"order":21,"exercises":833},"pg_019b5a18-548e-7218-8f15-4e4aa0eee555","Connects noun type to how many, how much, many, much, a lot of, a few, and a little in questions and everyday answers.",[834,837,840,843,846,849],{"id":835,"title":836,"order":774,"type":798},"019d1ae1-9f1f-7a90-90a8-41cc3741a73b","How Much\u002FMany - Shopping List",{"id":838,"title":839,"order":11,"type":798},"019d1ae1-9f20-75fe-bec3-024b9a1e848e","How Much \u002F How Many – Everyday Situations",{"id":841,"title":842,"order":16,"type":806},"019faa5f-7df0-77a8-ab50-7ac09ae2601e","Build How Many and How Much Questions",{"id":844,"title":845,"order":21,"type":806},"019faa5f-7e0c-715c-9ea2-27439be7ac8d","Build Quantity Statements",{"id":847,"title":848,"order":26,"type":802},"01a01413-98f3-7c9c-a54c-cd5a71942df2","How Many and How Much - Sort the Nouns",{"id":850,"title":851,"order":36,"type":829},"01a01413-98fa-7b06-b0c5-bf264c754261","How Many and How Much - Find and Fix",{"id":103,"contentId":853,"slug":105,"title":104,"level":10,"summary":854,"order":26,"exercises":855},"pg_019df33a-e49e-7e45-b4d7-50ca50cb52db","Clarifies the positive and negative contrasts between a few\u002Ffew and a little\u002Flittle for small numbers and amounts.",[856,859,862,865,868,871],{"id":857,"title":858,"order":774,"type":798},"019e0c4e-1e1a-72e4-848c-1ac33cac385d","A Few \u002F A Little \u002F Few \u002F Little - Grocery Shopping",{"id":860,"title":861,"order":11,"type":798},"019e0c4e-1e1a-7db8-848c-1ac33d89b5b1","A Few \u002F A Little \u002F Few \u002F Little - Travel Essentials",{"id":863,"title":864,"order":16,"type":806},"019faa5f-6a93-77ff-a3aa-0bb3c4f538dc","Build Positive Small Quantities",{"id":866,"title":867,"order":21,"type":806},"019faa5f-6aa9-7202-ba8c-90b571877215","Build Negative Small Quantities",{"id":869,"title":870,"order":26,"type":802},"01a01413-8e50-7100-8a77-1ea6cce960ad","A Few \u002F A Little - Sort the Quantifiers",{"id":872,"title":873,"order":36,"type":829},"01a01413-8e59-7d79-bb28-771b78dbfd1e","A Few \u002F A Little - Find and Fix the Quantity",[875,881,885,889],{"@id":876,"@type":877,"id":796,"grammarPage":878,"title":797,"instructions":879,"displayOrder":774,"type":798,"questionCount":91,"blankCount":156,"isCompleted":773,"ogImageUrl":880},"\u002Fapi\u002Fgrammar_exercises\u002F01a0e1ab-ddab-76f8-b70e-2b1050ee6c11","GrammarExercise","\u002Fapi\u002Fgrammar_pages\u002F01a0e1ab-d5f8-761f-a440-f5d9ba8d5fb0","Choose the option that completes each sentence in context.","\u002Fuploads\u002Fimages\u002Fgpimg_bcdb3253-13cc-4b0b-a027-696e10831f9e_hero.webp?v=1790492532",{"@id":882,"@type":877,"id":800,"grammarPage":878,"title":801,"instructions":883,"displayOrder":11,"type":802,"questionCount":36,"blankCount":774,"isCompleted":773,"ogImageUrl":884},"\u002Fapi\u002Fgrammar_exercises\u002F01a0e1ab-ddff-7d39-8b93-6c880c236ae1","Tap each tile, then tap its plural-pattern group.","\u002Fuploads\u002Fimages\u002Fgpimg_cb0aadd2-beec-42fa-b8f3-35db7ee51820_hero.webp?v=1790492532",{"@id":886,"@type":877,"id":804,"grammarPage":878,"title":805,"instructions":887,"displayOrder":16,"type":806,"questionCount":76,"blankCount":76,"isCompleted":773,"ogImageUrl":888},"\u002Fapi\u002Fgrammar_exercises\u002F01a0e1ab-de0c-7577-b6ae-3483f656b9e4","Tap the tiles to build each sentence. Leave out the incorrect word.","\u002Fuploads\u002Fimages\u002Fgpimg_58eaf6e0-3294-46cd-8c2a-3edbdf64db08_hero.webp?v=1790492532",{"@id":890,"@type":877,"id":808,"grammarPage":878,"title":809,"instructions":887,"displayOrder":21,"type":806,"questionCount":66,"blankCount":66,"isCompleted":773,"ogImageUrl":891},"\u002Fapi\u002Fgrammar_exercises\u002F01a0e1ab-de34-74bf-bc76-a55382b8f569","\u002Fuploads\u002Fimages\u002Fgpimg_3bc39059-78df-415c-8a9a-515c2a44bab6_hero.webp?v=1790492532",{"id":796,"grammarPage":878,"title":797,"instructions":879,"seoTitle":893,"seoDescription":894,"displayOrder":774,"type":798,"questions":895,"ogImageUrl":880},"Regular and Irregular Plurals in Sentences","Practise regular and irregular plural nouns in sentence gaps about school, shopping, families and animals, including spelling changes and unchanged forms.",[896],{"id":897,"sentenceTemplate":898,"displayOrder":774,"explanation":899,"exampleSentence":900,"blanks":901},"01a0e1ab-ddab-7be8-b70e-2b1055841957","I pack one __1__ for myself and two __2__ for my friends.","One needs the singular apple; two needs the plural apples. Most nouns add -s, not an apostrophe.","There are three cups beside my plate.",[902,915],{"id":903,"blankNumber":11,"options":904},"01a0e1ab-ddab-7a64-b70e-2b105366a5e6",[905,908,912],{"id":906,"optionText":907,"isCorrect":773,"displayOrder":774},"01a0e1ab-ddab-7984-b70e-2b1051eb6eb7","apples",{"id":909,"optionText":910,"isCorrect":911,"displayOrder":11},"01a0e1ab-ddab-79e8-b70e-2b1052a2cfaa","apple",true,{"id":913,"optionText":914,"isCorrect":773,"displayOrder":16},"01a0e1ab-ddab-7a28-b70e-2b10530a8368","appleses",{"id":916,"blankNumber":16,"options":917},"01a0e1ab-ddab-7b7c-b70e-2b1054f6a496",[918,921,923],{"id":919,"optionText":920,"isCorrect":773,"displayOrder":774},"01a0e1ab-ddab-7ad8-b70e-2b1053d8a6e2","apple's",{"id":922,"optionText":910,"isCorrect":773,"displayOrder":11},"01a0e1ab-ddab-7b14-b70e-2b1054cf69c0",{"id":924,"optionText":907,"isCorrect":911,"displayOrder":16},"01a0e1ab-ddab-7b48-b70e-2b1054e6c994",{"html":926,"toc":927},"\u003Cp>Use \u003Cstrong>one book\u003C\u002Fstrong> or \u003Cstrong>two books\u003C\u002Fstrong> to say how many. Here you will learn how to make regular plurals, recognise common irregular plurals and use nouns that stay the same.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"one-or-more-than-one\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">1.\u003C\u002Fspan>One or more than one\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>A \u003Cstrong>singular\u003C\u002Fstrong> noun names one person, animal or thing. A \u003Cstrong>plural\u003C\u002Fstrong> noun names more than one.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ctable>\n\u003Cthead>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Cth>Singular: one\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>Plural: more than one\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Fthead>\n\u003Ctbody>\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>one book\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>two \u003Cstrong>books\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>one dog\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>three \u003Cstrong>dogs\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>one child\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>four \u003Cstrong>children\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003Cp>Use the plural after numbers such as \u003Cstrong>two, three\u003C\u002Fstrong> and \u003Cstrong>ten\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"grammar-callout grammar-callout--example\">\u003Cp>I have one \u003Cstrong>sister\u003C\u002Fstrong>. Ben has two \u003Cstrong>sisters\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>There is one \u003Cstrong>chair\u003C\u002Fstrong> in the kitchen. There are four \u003Cstrong>chairs\u003C\u002Fstrong> in the bedroom.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"add-s-or-es\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">2.\u003C\u002Fspan>Add -s or -es\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>For most nouns, add \u003Cstrong>-s\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ctable>\n\u003Cthead>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Cth>Singular\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>Plural\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Fthead>\n\u003Ctbody>\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>book\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>books\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>car\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>cars\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>apple\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>apples\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>shoe\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>shoes\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003Cp>For nouns ending in \u003Cstrong>-s, -ss, -sh, -ch\u003C\u002Fstrong> or \u003Cstrong>-x\u003C\u002Fstrong>, usually add \u003Cstrong>-es\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ctable>\n\u003Cthead>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Cth>Ending\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>Singular\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>Plural\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Fthead>\n\u003Ctbody>\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>-s\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>bus\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>buses\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>-ss\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>class\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>classes\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>-sh\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>dish\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>dishes\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>-ch\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>watch\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>watches\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>-x\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>box\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>boxes\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003Cp>A few nouns have other spelling changes: \u003Cstrong>quiz → quizzes\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"grammar-callout grammar-callout--example\">\u003Cp>We need two \u003Cstrong>boxes\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>She has three \u003Cstrong>watches\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>The \u003Cstrong>buses\u003C\u002Fstrong> are red.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"nouns-ending-in-y\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">3.\u003C\u002Fspan>Nouns ending in -y\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>Look at the letter before \u003Cstrong>-y\u003C\u002Fstrong>. The letters \u003Cstrong>a, e, i, o, u\u003C\u002Fstrong> are vowels. Most other letters are consonants.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Consonant + y:\u003C\u002Fstrong> change \u003Cstrong>-y\u003C\u002Fstrong> to \u003Cstrong>-ies\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Vowel + y:\u003C\u002Fstrong> keep \u003Cstrong>-y\u003C\u002Fstrong> and add \u003Cstrong>-s\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>\n\u003Ctable>\n\u003Cthead>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Cth>Singular\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>Letter before -y\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>Plural\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Fthead>\n\u003Ctbody>\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>baby\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>b: consonant\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>babies\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>city\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>t: consonant\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>cities\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>family\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>l: consonant\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>families\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>boy\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>o: vowel\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>boys\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>key\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>e: vowel\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>keys\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>toy\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>o: vowel\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>toys\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"grammar-callout grammar-callout--warning\">\u003Cp>Do not change every \u003Cstrong>-y\u003C\u002Fstrong> to \u003Cstrong>-ies\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>✓ two \u003Cstrong>babies\u003C\u002Fstrong>, two \u003Cstrong>boys\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>✗ two babys, two boies\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"other-spelling-changes\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">4.\u003C\u002Fspan>Other spelling changes\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>Some nouns ending in \u003Cstrong>-f\u003C\u002Fstrong> or \u003Cstrong>-fe\u003C\u002Fstrong> change to \u003Cstrong>-ves\u003C\u002Fstrong>. Others simply add \u003Cstrong>-s\u003C\u002Fstrong>. Learn each noun with its plural.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ctable>\n\u003Cthead>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Cth>Singular\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>Plural\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Fthead>\n\u003Ctbody>\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>leaf\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>leaves\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>wife\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>wives\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>knife\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>knives\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>roof\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>roofs\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003Cp>Nouns ending in \u003Cstrong>-o\u003C\u002Fstrong> can also be different:\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ctable>\n\u003Cthead>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Cth>Add -es\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>Add -s\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Fthead>\n\u003Ctbody>\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>potato → \u003Cstrong>potatoes\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>photo → \u003Cstrong>photos\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>tomato → \u003Cstrong>tomatoes\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>radio → \u003Cstrong>radios\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"grammar-callout grammar-callout--tip\">\u003Cp>Write new words in pairs: \u003Cstrong>one potato — two potatoes\u003C\u002Fstrong>. Check a dictionary when you are not sure of the plural.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"irregular-plurals-and-unchanged-nouns\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">5.\u003C\u002Fspan>Irregular plurals and unchanged nouns\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>Some common nouns have a different plural form. Do not just add \u003Cstrong>-s\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ctable>\n\u003Cthead>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Cth>Singular\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>Plural\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Fthead>\n\u003Ctbody>\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>person\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>people\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>child\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>children\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>man\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>men\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>woman\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>women\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>foot\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>feet\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>tooth\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>teeth\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>mouse\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>mice\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"grammar-callout grammar-callout--example\">\u003Cp>There are five \u003Cstrong>people\u003C\u002Fstrong> at the bus stop.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>The two \u003Cstrong>children\u003C\u002Fstrong> are playing.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>My \u003Cstrong>feet\u003C\u002Fstrong> are cold.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Cp>Some nouns have the \u003Cstrong>same form\u003C\u002Fstrong> for singular and plural.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ctable>\n\u003Cthead>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Cth>Singular\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>Plural\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Fthead>\n\u003Ctbody>\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>one sheep\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>two \u003Cstrong>sheep\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>one fish\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>three \u003Cstrong>fish\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"grammar-callout grammar-callout--note\">\u003Cp>Use \u003Cstrong>fish\u003C\u002Fstrong> for ordinary counting: \u003Cstrong>one fish, two fish\u003C\u002Fstrong>. You may see \u003Cstrong>fishes\u003C\u002Fstrong> when people talk about different types of fish.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"check-your-plural\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">6.\u003C\u002Fspan>Check your plural\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Col>\n\u003Cli>Use the singular for \u003Cstrong>one\u003C\u002Fstrong> and the plural for \u003Cstrong>two or more\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>For most nouns, add \u003Cstrong>-s\u003C\u002Fstrong>. Check endings such as \u003Cstrong>-sh, -ch, -x\u003C\u002Fstrong> and \u003Cstrong>-y\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>Remember special forms: \u003Cstrong>children, people, feet\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>Keep unchanged forms the same: \u003Cstrong>two sheep\u003C\u002Fstrong>, not \u003Cem>two sheeps\u003C\u002Fem>.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Fol>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"grammar-callout grammar-callout--warning\">\u003Cp>Do not add an extra \u003Cstrong>-s\u003C\u002Fstrong> to an irregular plural.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>✓ three \u003Cstrong>children\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>✗ three childrens\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>Do not use an apostrophe to make these nouns plural: \u003Cstrong>two books\u003C\u002Fstrong>, not \u003Cem>two book's\u003C\u002Fem>.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Cp>Remember: \u003Cstrong>one book → two books; one baby → two babies; one child → two children; one sheep → two sheep\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\u003C\u002Fp>\n",[928,932,936,940,944,948],{"id":929,"text":930,"depth":16,"number":931},"one-or-more-than-one","One or more than one","1",{"id":933,"text":934,"depth":16,"number":935},"add-s-or-es","Add -s or -es","2",{"id":937,"text":938,"depth":16,"number":939},"nouns-ending-in-y","Nouns ending in -y","3",{"id":941,"text":942,"depth":16,"number":943},"other-spelling-changes","Other spelling changes","4",{"id":945,"text":946,"depth":16,"number":947},"irregular-plurals-and-unchanged-nouns","Irregular plurals and unchanged nouns","5",{"id":949,"text":950,"depth":16,"number":951},"check-your-plural","Check your plural","6"]