[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"grammar-page-en-regular-and-irregular-plural-nouns":3,"grammar-exercises-by-page-01a0e1ab-d5f8-761f-a440-f5d9ba8d5fb0":25,"exercise-list-path-en-none":62},{"id":4,"title":5,"slug":6,"seoDescription":7,"content":8,"language":9,"level":10,"displayOrder":11,"grammarTopics":12,"createdAt":19,"updatedAt":20,"vocabularyLists":21,"primaryTopicHub":22,"readyImages":24},"01a0e1ab-d5f8-761f-a440-f5d9ba8d5fb0","Regular and Irregular Plural Nouns","regular-and-irregular-plural-nouns","Learn regular and irregular plural nouns: add -s or -es, change -y to -ies, and use forms such as children, people and sheep when counting things.","Use **one book** or **two books** to say how many. Here you will learn how to make regular plurals, recognise common irregular plurals and use nouns that stay the same.\n\n## 1. One or more than one\n\nA **singular** noun names one person, animal or thing. A **plural** noun names more than one.\n\n| Singular: one | Plural: more than one |\n| --- | --- |\n| one book | two **books** |\n| one dog | three **dogs** |\n| one child | four **children** |\n\nUse the plural after numbers such as **two, three** and **ten**.\n\n:::example\nI have one **sister**. Ben has two **sisters**.\n\nThere is one **chair** in the kitchen. There are four **chairs** in the bedroom.\n:::\n\n## 2. Add -s or -es\n\nFor most nouns, add **-s**.\n\n| Singular | Plural |\n| --- | --- |\n| book | **books** |\n| car | **cars** |\n| apple | **apples** |\n| shoe | **shoes** |\n\nFor nouns ending in **-s, -ss, -sh, -ch** or **-x**, usually add **-es**.\n\n| Ending | Singular | Plural |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| -s | bus | **buses** |\n| -ss | class | **classes** |\n| -sh | dish | **dishes** |\n| -ch | watch | **watches** |\n| -x | box | **boxes** |\n\nA few nouns have other spelling changes: **quiz → quizzes**.\n\n:::example\nWe need two **boxes**.\n\nShe has three **watches**.\n\nThe **buses** are red.\n:::\n\n## 3. Nouns ending in -y\n\nLook at the letter before **-y**. The letters **a, e, i, o, u** are vowels. Most other letters are consonants.\n\n- **Consonant + y:** change **-y** to **-ies**.\n- **Vowel + y:** keep **-y** and add **-s**.\n\n| Singular | Letter before -y | Plural |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| baby | b: consonant | **babies** |\n| city | t: consonant | **cities** |\n| family | l: consonant | **families** |\n| boy | o: vowel | **boys** |\n| key | e: vowel | **keys** |\n| toy | o: vowel | **toys** |\n\n:::warning\nDo not change every **-y** to **-ies**.\n\n✓ two **babies**, two **boys**\n\n✗ two babys, two boies\n:::\n\n## 4. Other spelling changes\n\nSome nouns ending in **-f** or **-fe** change to **-ves**. Others simply add **-s**. Learn each noun with its plural.\n\n| Singular | Plural |\n| --- | --- |\n| leaf | **leaves** |\n| wife | **wives** |\n| knife | **knives** |\n| roof | **roofs** |\n\nNouns ending in **-o** can also be different:\n\n| Add -es | Add -s |\n| --- | --- |\n| potato → **potatoes** | photo → **photos** |\n| tomato → **tomatoes** | radio → **radios** |\n\n:::tip\nWrite new words in pairs: **one potato — two potatoes**. Check a dictionary when you are not sure of the plural.\n:::\n\n## 5. Irregular plurals and unchanged nouns\n\nSome common nouns have a different plural form. Do not just add **-s**.\n\n| Singular | Plural |\n| --- | --- |\n| person | **people** |\n| child | **children** |\n| man | **men** |\n| woman | **women** |\n| foot | **feet** |\n| tooth | **teeth** |\n| mouse | **mice** |\n\n:::example\nThere are five **people** at the bus stop.\n\nThe two **children** are playing.\n\nMy **feet** are cold.\n:::\n\nSome nouns have the **same form** for singular and plural.\n\n| Singular | Plural |\n| --- | --- |\n| one sheep | two **sheep** |\n| one fish | three **fish** |\n\n:::note\nUse **fish** for ordinary counting: **one fish, two fish**. You may see **fishes** when people talk about different types of fish.\n:::\n\n## 6. Check your plural\n\n1. Use the singular for **one** and the plural for **two or more**.\n2. For most nouns, add **-s**. Check endings such as **-sh, -ch, -x** and **-y**.\n3. Remember special forms: **children, people, feet**.\n4. Keep unchanged forms the same: **two sheep**, not *two sheeps*.\n\n:::warning\nDo not add an extra **-s** to an irregular plural.\n\n✓ three **children**\n\n✗ three childrens\n\nDo not use an apostrophe to make these nouns plural: **two books**, not *two book's*.\n:::\n\nRemember: **one book → two books; one baby → two babies; one child → two children; one sheep → two sheep**.","en","A1",29.01,[13],{"id":14,"name":15,"level":10,"language":9,"isCompleted":16,"completionPercentage":17,"totalExercises":18,"completedExercises":17},"01a03036-2736-7c41-a4bf-c79baeeeb16e","Countable nouns and basic quantity",false,0,21,"2026-09-27T07:02:10+00:00","2026-10-14T10:40:29+00:00",[],{"name":15,"slug":23,"language":9},"countable-nouns-and-quantity-a1",[],[26,37,46,55],{"@id":27,"@type":28,"id":29,"grammarPage":30,"title":31,"instructions":32,"displayOrder":17,"type":33,"questionCount":34,"blankCount":35,"isCompleted":16,"ogImageUrl":36},"\u002Fapi\u002Fgrammar_exercises\u002F01a0e1ab-ddab-76f8-b70e-2b1050ee6c11","GrammarExercise","01a0e1ab-ddab-76f8-b70e-2b1050ee6c11","\u002Fapi\u002Fgrammar_pages\u002F01a0e1ab-d5f8-761f-a440-f5d9ba8d5fb0","Regular and Irregular Plural Nouns — Forms in Context","Choose the option that completes each sentence in context.","word_select",15,26,"\u002Fuploads\u002Fimages\u002Fgpimg_bcdb3253-13cc-4b0b-a027-696e10831f9e_hero.webp?v=1790492532",{"@id":38,"@type":28,"id":39,"grammarPage":30,"title":40,"instructions":41,"displayOrder":42,"type":43,"questionCount":44,"blankCount":17,"isCompleted":16,"ogImageUrl":45},"\u002Fapi\u002Fgrammar_exercises\u002F01a0e1ab-ddff-7d39-8b93-6c880c236ae1","01a0e1ab-ddff-7d39-8b93-6c880c236ae1","Regular and Irregular Plural Nouns — Plural Patterns","Tap each tile, then tap its plural-pattern group.",1,"word_sort",5,"\u002Fuploads\u002Fimages\u002Fgpimg_cb0aadd2-beec-42fa-b8f3-35db7ee51820_hero.webp?v=1790492532",{"@id":47,"@type":28,"id":48,"grammarPage":30,"title":49,"instructions":50,"displayOrder":51,"type":52,"questionCount":53,"blankCount":53,"isCompleted":16,"ogImageUrl":54},"\u002Fapi\u002Fgrammar_exercises\u002F01a0e1ab-de0c-7577-b6ae-3483f656b9e4","01a0e1ab-de0c-7577-b6ae-3483f656b9e4","Plural Nouns — Things Around Town","Tap the tiles to build each sentence. Leave out the incorrect word.",2,"sentence_builder",12,"\u002Fuploads\u002Fimages\u002Fgpimg_58eaf6e0-3294-46cd-8c2a-3edbdf64db08_hero.webp?v=1790492532",{"@id":56,"@type":28,"id":57,"grammarPage":30,"title":58,"instructions":50,"displayOrder":59,"type":52,"questionCount":60,"blankCount":60,"isCompleted":16,"ogImageUrl":61},"\u002Fapi\u002Fgrammar_exercises\u002F01a0e1ab-de34-74bf-bc76-a55382b8f569","01a0e1ab-de34-74bf-bc76-a55382b8f569","Plural Nouns — People and Nature",3,10,"\u002Fuploads\u002Fimages\u002Fgpimg_3bc39059-78df-415c-8a9a-515c2a44bab6_hero.webp?v=1790492532",null]