[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"grammar-page-en-relative-clauses-who-which-that-where":3,"grammar-exercises-by-page-019df3d4-4d2e-729e-853d-7c68f999b25c":114},{"id":4,"title":5,"slug":6,"content":7,"language":8,"level":9,"displayOrder":10,"grammarTopics":11,"createdAt":108,"updatedAt":109,"generatorCategories":110,"readyImages":112,"ogImageUrl":113},"019df3d4-4d2e-729e-853d-7c68f999b25c","Relative Clauses: who, which, that, where","relative-clauses-who-which-that-where","Relative clauses give extra information about a person, thing, or place.\n\nThey help you join two sentences into one sentence.\n\n## 1. What is a relative clause?\n\nA relative clause comes after a noun and gives more information about it.\n\nExamples:\n\n- Two sentences: \"I have a friend. She lives in London.\"\n  → One sentence: \"I have a friend who lives in London.\"\n- Two sentences: \"This is a book. It is very interesting.\"\n  → One sentence: \"This is a book which is very interesting.\"\n\n## 2. Who (people)\n\nWe use who for people.\n\n### Structure\n\nPerson + who\u002Fthat + verb + (rest of clause)\n\nExamples:\n\n- \"I have a friend who lives in London.\"\n- \"She is the teacher who helps me.\"\n- \"That is the man who called you.\"\n\nHere, who is the subject (who = he\u002Fshe).\n\n### Why?\n\nThe clause gives more information about a person.\n\n## 3. Which (things)\n\nWe use which for things.\n\n### Structure\n\nSubject relative: the relative pronoun is the subject inside the relative clause (it does the action). Example: \"a thing which is very popular\" (which = it).\n\nSubject relative (who\u002Fwhich\u002Fthat = the subject of the clause): thing + which\u002Fthat + verb + (rest of clause).\n\nExamples:\n\n- \"This is the book which is very interesting.\"\n- \"I have a phone which is very new.\"\n- \"That is the movie which we watched.\"\n\n### Why?\n\nThe clause gives more information about a thing.\n\n## 4. That (people and things)\n\nWe can use that for people and things (instead of who\u002Fwhich).\n\nWith commas, the clause is extra information. Without commas, the clause tells us which person\u002Fthing we mean.\n\nIn these extra-information clauses, we use who\u002Fwhich (not that):\n\n- \"My brother, who lives in London, is a teacher.\" (extra information)\n\nIn needed-to-identify clauses (no commas), we can use that:\n\n- \"The teacher that helps me is kind.\" (necessary information)\n\n## 5. Where (places)\n\nWe use where for places to mean 'in\u002Fat that place': 'the house where I live' (= 'the house (that) I live in').\n\n### Structure\n\nplace + where + clause (subject + verb + ...)\n\nExamples:\n\n- \"This is the house where I live.\"\n- \"That is the restaurant where we ate.\"\n- \"I know a place where we can relax.\"\n\n### Why?\n\nThe clause gives more information about a place.\n\n## 6. Subject vs object: when you can omit the relative word\n\nSubject = the person\u002Fthing does the action.\n\nObject = the person\u002Fthing receives the action.\n\nIf the relative word is the subject, you must use it:\n\n- \"The man who lives here is my teacher.\"\n\nIf it is the object, you can often omit it:\n\n- \"The book (that) I read is good.\" \u002F \"The book I read is good.\"\n\nDo not omit it with where:\n\n- \"the place where I live\" (not \"the place I live\")\n\n## 7. Word order\n\nThis is the difference between subject and object relatives in word order:\n\n- Subject relative: who\u002Fwhich\u002Fthat + verb: \"a man who works...\"\n- Object relative: who\u002Fwhich\u002Fthat + subject + verb: \"a phone which I bought...\"\n\n## 8. Easy way to remember\n\n- who → people\n- which → things\n- that → people or things\n- where → places\n\nUse relative clauses to give more information:\nwho (people), which (things), that (people\u002Fthings), where (places).","en","A2",47.5,[12],{"id":13,"name":5,"level":9,"language":8,"isCompleted":14,"completionPercentage":15,"totalExercises":16,"completedExercises":15,"vocabularyLists":17},"019df3d2-fdf3-7b04-b65a-3c6708620d6d",false,0,2,[18],{"id":19,"title":20,"grammarTopic":21,"displayOrder":22,"vocabularyListWords":23,"isPublished":38},"019e4ec0-adfb-7e7b-b100-13da4bc06e5e","Relative Clauses","\u002Fapi\u002Fgrammar_topics\u002F019df3d2-fdf3-7b04-b65a-3c6708620d6d",30.5,[24,45,67,86],{"id":25,"vocabularyWord":26,"displayOrder":39},"019e4ec1-003d-734a-acb7-5d1307f19283",{"id":27,"word":28,"frequency":29,"level":30,"language":8,"audioFilePath":31,"partsOfSpeech":32,"audio":38,"audioUrl":44},"019b850c-a402-7afa-be1e-5bc68eeb31bc","who",10,"A1","tts_3ed07566716af164_en-US.mp3",[33,40],{"id":34,"partOfSpeech":35,"definition":36,"exampleSentences":37,"isPrimary":38,"meaningOrder":39},"019b850e-299f-7d95-b504-f8356a82a15f","PRONOUN","Used to refer to a person or people that are already mentioned or known.","Who is coming to the party tonight?\nShe is the one who won the award.",true,1,{"id":41,"partOfSpeech":35,"definition":42,"exampleSentences":43,"isPrimary":14,"meaningOrder":16},"019b850e-299f-7e31-b504-f8356ad2f807","Used in questions to ask for the identity of a person.","Who do you think will win the game?\nWho is your teacher this year?","\u002Fuploads\u002Faudio\u002Ftts_3ed07566716af164_en-US.mp3",{"id":46,"vocabularyWord":47,"displayOrder":16},"019e4ec1-003e-71a6-ae80-c8b5d318133e",{"id":48,"word":49,"frequency":29,"level":9,"language":8,"audioFilePath":50,"partsOfSpeech":51,"audio":38,"audioUrl":66},"019b4697-700f-7240-b0bd-b1729bd3a377","which","tts_7f7c3764b7cad880_en-US.mp3",[52,56,60],{"id":53,"partOfSpeech":35,"definition":54,"exampleSentences":55,"isPrimary":38,"meaningOrder":39},"019e830b-7c79-7c1b-86cc-9292fe5e344e","Used to ask about or refer to a specific thing or things from a known group.","Which of these books do you want to borrow?\nI don't know which bus goes to the city centre.\nShe couldn't decide which dress to wear.",{"id":57,"partOfSpeech":35,"definition":58,"exampleSentences":59,"isPrimary":14,"meaningOrder":16},"019e830b-7c79-7cbf-86cc-9292fe9119b5","Used as a relative pronoun to introduce a clause that gives more information about a thing or situation previously mentioned.","The car, which was very old, broke down on the highway.\nShe gave me a book which I had never read before.\nThe hotel which we stayed in was very comfortable.",{"id":61,"partOfSpeech":62,"definition":63,"exampleSentences":64,"isPrimary":14,"meaningOrder":65},"019e830b-7c79-7d03-86cc-9292fef56e15","DETERMINER","Used before a noun to ask about or identify a specific thing or things from a known group.","Which colour do you prefer, red or blue?\nWhich train should I take to get to London?\nWhich student answered the question correctly?",3,"\u002Fuploads\u002Faudio\u002Ftts_7f7c3764b7cad880_en-US.mp3",{"id":68,"vocabularyWord":69,"displayOrder":65},"019e4ec1-003e-7a9e-ae80-c8b5d36724dd",{"id":70,"word":71,"frequency":29,"level":30,"language":8,"partsOfSpeech":72,"audio":14},"019b850c-a402-7802-be1e-5bc687114eff","that",[73,77,81],{"id":74,"partOfSpeech":35,"definition":75,"exampleSentences":76,"isPrimary":38,"meaningOrder":39},"019b947a-263b-710e-ac28-3fde40e0fabe","Used to identify a specific person or thing observed or heard.","That is my favorite book.\nI remember that day very well.",{"id":78,"partOfSpeech":62,"definition":79,"exampleSentences":80,"isPrimary":14,"meaningOrder":16},"019b947a-263b-71a6-ac28-3fde40f32ee8","Used to specify a noun, often indicating a particular item.","I want that apple on the table.\nDo you see that car over there?",{"id":82,"partOfSpeech":83,"definition":84,"exampleSentences":85,"isPrimary":14,"meaningOrder":65},"019b947a-263b-71ee-ac28-3fde413e6cfe","CONJUNCTION","Used to introduce a clause or to connect clauses.","She said that she would come.\nI believe that we can succeed.",{"id":87,"vocabularyWord":88,"displayOrder":107},"019e4ec1-003f-7323-9168-b384c4d7b506",{"id":89,"word":90,"frequency":29,"level":30,"language":8,"audioFilePath":91,"partsOfSpeech":92,"audio":38,"audioUrl":106},"019b4697-700f-771c-b0bd-b172aef55793","where","tts_11c476ca7e506014_en-US.mp3",[93,98,102],{"id":94,"partOfSpeech":95,"definition":96,"exampleSentences":97,"isPrimary":38,"meaningOrder":39},"019e830b-40e6-7558-ad14-63ec47b4fcab","ADVERB","Used to ask about or refer to a place or location.","Where do you live?\nI don't know where she went.\nWhere is the nearest bus stop?",{"id":99,"partOfSpeech":83,"definition":100,"exampleSentences":101,"isPrimary":14,"meaningOrder":16},"019e830b-40e6-7608-ad14-63ec48736e6f","Used to introduce a clause that refers to a place or situation.","This is the town where I was born.\nPut it back where you found it.\nShe sat down where there was an empty seat.",{"id":103,"partOfSpeech":35,"definition":104,"exampleSentences":105,"isPrimary":14,"meaningOrder":65},"019e830b-40e6-764c-ad14-63ec48b29ce8","Used as a relative pronoun referring to a place previously mentioned.","That's the school where I studied.\nThe park where we used to play has been closed.\nDo you remember the café where we first met?","\u002Fuploads\u002Faudio\u002Ftts_11c476ca7e506014_en-US.mp3",4,"2026-05-04T16:31:10+00:00","2026-07-14T17:37:08+00:00",[111],"grammar_exercise_questions_question_forms",[],"\u002Fuploads\u002Fimages\u002Fog_019df3d4-4d2e-729e-853d-7c68f999b25c.jpg?v=1784050628",[115,122],{"@id":116,"@type":117,"id":118,"grammarPage":119,"title":120,"instructions":121,"displayOrder":15,"isCompleted":14},"\u002Fapi\u002Fgrammar_exercises\u002F019e0cbb-0168-7af6-a421-383aeb55cfa1","GrammarExercise","019e0cbb-0168-7af6-a421-383aeb55cfa1","\u002Fapi\u002Fgrammar_pages\u002F019df3d4-4d2e-729e-853d-7c68f999b25c","Relative Clauses - People and Jobs","This is a fill-in-the-blank exercise. Click on each blank and choose the correct answer from the dropdown. Use who for people, where for places, and which or that for things.",{"@id":123,"@type":117,"id":124,"grammarPage":119,"title":125,"instructions":121,"displayOrder":39,"isCompleted":14},"\u002Fapi\u002Fgrammar_exercises\u002F019e0cbb-0169-75de-862e-44bcfecb2705","019e0cbb-0169-75de-862e-44bcfecb2705","Relative Clauses - Places in Town"]