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Other","another-other-others-the-other",70.75,{"id":474,"title":475,"slug":476,"language":9,"level":357,"displayOrder":477},"019b7f43-6879-7d25-94aa-fe53784d39c4","Clauses & Linking Words (Cause, Effect, Contrast, Purpose)","cause-and-effect",71,{"id":479,"title":480,"slug":481,"language":9,"level":357,"displayOrder":482},"019b93a4-f831-7564-898b-bd3291f2af79","Second Conditional","second-conditional",72,{"id":484,"title":485,"slug":486,"language":9,"level":357,"displayOrder":487},"019b93bb-80fa-76ce-8b72-e7352b6083b0","Third Conditional","third-conditional",73,{"id":489,"title":490,"slug":491,"language":9,"level":357,"displayOrder":492},"019b9421-c1ca-7371-93ae-96dd1106e47c","Reported speech \u002F Indirect speech","reported-speech-indirect-speech",74,{"id":494,"title":495,"slug":496,"language":9,"level":357,"displayOrder":497},"019dfd54-bbaf-7b5b-921a-1fb3d0c2a2a6","Gerund vs Infinitive","gerund-vs-infinitive",74.5,{"id":499,"title":500,"slug":501,"language":9,"level":357,"displayOrder":502},"01a0e1ab-d5d8-7484-8fca-82bc3d0644d7","Indirect Questions with If, Whether and Question Words","indirect-questions-with-if-whether-and-question-words",74.51,{"id":504,"title":505,"slug":506,"language":9,"level":357,"displayOrder":507},"01a0e1ab-d564-7990-a767-ffb4264741b3","Be Used to and Get Used to","be-used-to-and-get-used-to",74.52,{"id":509,"title":510,"slug":511,"language":9,"level":357,"displayOrder":512},"01a0e1ab-d5fd-7a5b-8f33-7d17c98ef74a","So Do I and Neither Do I","so-do-i-and-neither-do-i",74.53,{"id":514,"title":515,"slug":516,"language":9,"level":357,"displayOrder":517},"01a0e1ab-d627-7249-805f-9514f407e8a4","Verbs with Two Objects: To and For","verbs-with-two-objects-to-and-for",74.54,{"id":519,"title":520,"slug":521,"language":9,"level":357,"displayOrder":522},"01a0e1ab-d621-75b7-8c67-9601c998b52e","Verbs with Dependent Prepositions","verbs-with-dependent-prepositions",74.55,{"id":524,"title":525,"slug":526,"language":9,"level":357,"displayOrder":527},"01a0e1ab-d5eb-7838-9223-95e410fff7b9","Nouns with Dependent Prepositions","nouns-with-dependent-prepositions",74.56,{"id":529,"title":530,"slug":531,"language":9,"level":357,"displayOrder":532},"01a0e1ab-d5cc-783e-9492-99f1542755f2","Had Better: Advice and Warnings","had-better-advice-and-warnings",74.57,{"id":534,"title":535,"slug":536,"language":9,"level":537,"displayOrder":538},"019b986e-3c6a-72a3-9d42-65053d9e4657","Past Perfect (B2)","past-perfect-b2","B2",75,{"id":540,"title":541,"slug":542,"language":9,"level":537,"displayOrder":543},"019b9875-a5b8-753a-8892-02d60cf124f3","Past Perfect Continuous","past-perfect-continuous",76,{"id":545,"title":546,"slug":547,"language":9,"level":537,"displayOrder":548},"019b98ad-b43d-70eb-9bf8-98360d4b8745","Narrative tenses","narrative-tenses",77,{"id":550,"title":551,"slug":552,"language":9,"level":537,"displayOrder":553},"019b98bb-42d1-7d70-8952-3f7934673d2c","Would - Expressing habits in the past","would-expressing-habits-in-the-past",78,{"id":555,"title":556,"slug":557,"language":9,"level":537,"displayOrder":558},"019b98bd-abbe-77ac-84ec-e3ed78abff75","Future Continuous (B2)","future-continuous-b2",79,{"id":560,"title":561,"slug":562,"language":9,"level":537,"displayOrder":563},"019b996c-756a-7595-8991-7fbfd497bca0","Future Perfect","future-perfect",80,{"id":565,"title":566,"slug":567,"language":9,"level":537,"displayOrder":568},"019b9973-ccc0-7aea-94b3-d59ca2b27d38","Future Perfect Continuous","future-perfect-continuous",81,{"id":570,"title":571,"slug":572,"language":9,"level":537,"displayOrder":573},"019dfde9-8a73-7247-ac3c-834f3e800f0a","Future in the Past","future-in-the-past",81.5,{"id":575,"title":576,"slug":577,"language":9,"level":537,"displayOrder":578},"019b997c-1273-7267-bc94-e10133989373","Adjectives and Adverbs","adjectives-and-adverbs",82,{"id":580,"title":581,"slug":582,"language":9,"level":537,"displayOrder":583},"019dfd9b-c2c7-7f83-b2ce-1554f06f427c","Discourse Markers","discourse-markers",82.5,{"id":585,"title":586,"slug":587,"language":9,"level":537,"displayOrder":588},"019ba3df-b04f-7684-9f23-1939e873ec29","Defining & non-defining relative clauses","defining-non-defining-relative-clauses",83,{"id":590,"title":591,"slug":592,"language":9,"level":537,"displayOrder":593},"019ba3fc-5f03-7360-a405-79bca6f524d2","Passive voice","passive-voice",84,{"id":595,"title":596,"slug":597,"language":9,"level":537,"displayOrder":598},"019ba7c7-5eb8-76f4-a04c-ce82fa1b4568","Passive Voice: Additional Uses and Nuances","passive-voice-additional-uses-and-nuances",85,{"id":600,"title":601,"slug":602,"language":9,"level":537,"displayOrder":603},"019dfdfa-7403-7489-8772-2ee826b8e57b","There vs It","there-vs-it",85.5,{"id":605,"title":606,"slug":607,"language":9,"level":537,"displayOrder":608},"019ba7d2-7094-7519-b0f1-7b9c0b8d1a84","Deduction & Speculation (Modals)","deduction-speculation-modals",86,{"id":610,"title":611,"slug":612,"language":9,"level":537,"displayOrder":613},"019ba7e3-8713-7c45-a547-be8a80ad5763","Modals (can’t have & needn’t have)","modals-cant-have-neednt-have",87,{"id":615,"title":616,"slug":617,"language":9,"level":537,"displayOrder":618},"019ba7f0-c7aa-7cb5-820b-7cf90b088c6d","Wish (Expressing Regret, Desire, and Imagined Situations)","wish-expressing-regret-desire-and-imagined-situations",88,{"id":620,"title":621,"slug":622,"language":9,"level":537,"displayOrder":623},"019ba801-1386-70f7-b6f1-0000e045cc8b","Mixed Conditionals","mixed-conditionals",89,{"id":625,"title":626,"slug":627,"language":9,"level":537,"displayOrder":628},"019ba80b-0997-7e31-aec6-b14a79efe69e","Reported Speech","reported-speech",90,{"id":630,"title":631,"slug":632,"language":9,"level":537,"displayOrder":633},"019dfdf1-5b30-731a-b71e-63d79f5a409b","Verb Patterns","verb-patterns",90.5,{"id":635,"title":636,"slug":637,"language":9,"level":537,"displayOrder":638},"01a0e1ab-d608-72f0-ae7b-02084e6afb58","Subject-Verb Agreement with Complex Subjects","subject-verb-agreement-with-complex-subjects",90.51,{"id":640,"title":641,"slug":642,"language":9,"level":537,"displayOrder":643},"01a0e1ab-d5f1-7df8-9e70-f2c2ebdb7f87","Participle Clauses for Time, Reason and Result","participle-clauses-for-time-reason-and-result",90.52,{"id":645,"title":646,"slug":647,"language":9,"level":537,"displayOrder":648},"01a0e1ab-d5b1-734c-b34d-419db9e26b1d","Emphatic Do, Does and Did","emphatic-do-does-and-did",90.53,{"id":650,"title":651,"slug":652,"language":9,"level":537,"displayOrder":653},"01a0e1ab-d633-7103-8c29-0ff220ac6d29","Would Rather, Would Prefer and Prefer","would-rather-would-prefer-and-prefer",90.54,{"id":655,"title":656,"slug":657,"language":9,"level":537,"displayOrder":658},"01a0e1ab-d614-7ce6-bb2b-df1c89246cd8","That-Clauses and Whether-Clauses as Complements","that-clauses-and-whether-clauses-as-complements",90.55,{"id":660,"title":661,"slug":662,"language":9,"level":663,"displayOrder":664},"019ba879-7d5a-7e14-8941-8c79d67c94ed","Narrative tenses for experience, incl. passive","narrative-tenses-for-experience-incl-passive","C1",91,{"id":666,"title":667,"slug":668,"language":9,"level":663,"displayOrder":669},"019ba883-e2dd-7cf2-becf-a1b53f06feaa","Future Tenses (Revision)","future-tenses-revision",92,{"id":671,"title":672,"slug":673,"language":9,"level":663,"displayOrder":674},"019ba891-4e3d-7714-b92c-7cab6023957a","Mixed Conditionals (Past, present & future)","mixed-conditionals-past-present-future",93,{"id":676,"title":677,"slug":678,"language":9,"level":663,"displayOrder":679},"019ba897-8cbb-7842-ad6e-c6e11ffa1701","Wish \u002F If only (Regrets)","wish-if-only-regrets",94,{"id":681,"title":682,"slug":683,"language":9,"level":663,"displayOrder":684},"019ba8a9-71c4-7787-96a0-6a02f8a55e49","Passive Forms","passive-forms",95,{"id":686,"title":687,"slug":688,"language":9,"level":663,"displayOrder":689},"019ba8b8-bc3e-7662-8e7a-4c432325ad08","Modals in the past","modals-in-the-past",96,{"id":691,"title":692,"slug":693,"language":9,"level":663,"displayOrder":694},"019dfe19-a32b-7ab1-9be5-4aebce963308","Modal Verbs: Will, Would & Should","modal-verbs-will-would-should",96.5,{"id":696,"title":697,"slug":698,"language":9,"level":663,"displayOrder":699},"019dfe2a-3524-779c-9c22-273be8bd4134","Modal Verbs: Can, Could, May & Might","modal-verbs-can-could-may-might",96.75,{"id":701,"title":702,"slug":703,"language":9,"level":663,"displayOrder":704},"019ba8c3-4434-78e7-a2af-f992da01a459","Inversion with negative adverbials","inversion-with-negative-adverbials",97,{"id":706,"title":707,"slug":708,"language":9,"level":663,"displayOrder":709},"01a0e1ab-d5aa-756b-b06b-76ca59800cb2","Ellipsis with Auxiliaries and Infinitives","ellipsis-with-auxiliaries-and-infinitives",97.01,{"id":711,"title":712,"slug":713,"language":9,"level":663,"displayOrder":714},"01a0e1ab-d60e-7755-901b-763344a63a75","Substitution with Do So, So and Not","substitution-with-do-so-so-and-not",97.02,{"id":716,"title":717,"slug":718,"language":9,"level":663,"displayOrder":719},"01a0e1ab-d57e-70e9-98fe-8107fd9c38c1","Complex Noun Phrases: Modification and Complementation","complex-noun-phrases-modification-and-complementation",97.03,{"id":721,"title":722,"slug":723,"language":9,"level":663,"displayOrder":724},"01a0e1ab-d5e5-73b5-b5bc-53d16d704466","Nominalisation and Noun-Based Style","nominalisation-and-noun-based-style",97.04,{"id":726,"title":727,"slug":728,"language":9,"level":663,"displayOrder":729},"01a0e1ab-d61b-7161-8c0a-c5eded00cf86","The Subjunctive in Demands and Recommendations","the-subjunctive-in-demands-and-recommendations",97.05,{"id":731,"title":732,"slug":733,"language":9,"level":663,"displayOrder":734},"01a0e1ab-d56c-78aa-b897-1469dd6a3315","Cleft Sentences: It-Clefts, Wh-Clefts and All-Clefts","cleft-sentences-it-clefts-wh-clefts-and-all-clefts",97.06,{"id":736,"title":737,"slug":738,"language":9,"level":663,"displayOrder":739},"01a0e1ab-d594-7dd6-9ff4-94959247d273","Concession with Whatever, No Matter and As","concession-with-whatever-no-matter-and-as",97.07,{"id":741,"title":742,"slug":743,"language":9,"level":744,"displayOrder":745},"01a0e1ab-d542-7721-9c84-6e47716ee54b","Absolute and Verbless Supplementary Clauses","absolute-and-verbless-supplementary-clauses","C2",98,{"id":747,"title":748,"slug":749,"language":9,"level":744,"displayOrder":750},"01a0e1ab-d5bf-7022-8177-a107314b83fb","Free Relative Clauses: Reference and Ambiguity","free-relative-clauses-reference-and-ambiguity",99,{"id":752,"title":753,"slug":754,"language":9,"level":744,"displayOrder":755},"01a0e1ab-d5c5-7677-85af-023326574682","Gapping and Shared Elements in Coordination","gapping-and-shared-elements-in-coordination",100,{"id":757,"title":758,"slug":759,"language":9,"level":744,"displayOrder":760},"01a0e1ab-d59c-7289-a960-fc9da7101a43","Dislocation and Resumptive Pronouns in Spoken Discourse","dislocation-and-resumptive-pronouns-in-spoken-discourse",101,{"id":762,"title":763,"slug":764,"language":9,"level":744,"displayOrder":765},"01a0e1ab-d5de-7245-aaf8-c59b501eafc4","Negation, Quantifier Scope and Ambiguity","negation-quantifier-scope-and-ambiguity",102,{"id":726,"title":727,"slug":728,"seoDescription":767,"content":768,"language":9,"level":663,"displayOrder":729,"grammarTopics":769,"createdAt":775,"updatedAt":776,"vocabularyLists":777,"readyImages":778},"Use the mandative subjunctive for demands and recommendations, form negatives and passives, and compare should clauses and British and American usage.","Demands and recommendations describe what someone wants to happen, not necessarily what actually happens. The **mandative subjunctive** makes this distinction explicit. You will learn to form it, recognise its triggers, and choose between subjunctive and **should** clauses with attention to register and British–American variation.\n\n## 1. A proposed action, not an established fact\n\nThe mandative subjunctive appears in a clause introduced by **that**, after an expression of a demand, recommendation or necessity. *Mandative* refers to this meaning: someone presents a situation as required or desirable.\n\n:::example\nThe panel recommended that the application **be reconsidered**.\n\nThe director demanded that every employee **attend** the briefing.\n\nIt is essential that the information **remain** confidential.\n:::\n\nThese sentences do not establish that the application was reconsidered, that everyone attended, or that the information remained confidential. They report a recommendation, a demand or a requirement. The construction itself does not guarantee compliance.\n\n## 2. Use the base form for every subject\n\nThe pattern is **mandative expression + that + subject + base form**. The subordinate verb has no third-person **-s**, and **be** remains **be** with every subject.\n\n| Feature | Pattern | Example |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| Third-person singular | **she submit**, not *she submits* | We recommend that she **submit** a revised proposal. |\n| Other subjects | **I\u002Fyou\u002Fwe\u002Fthey submit** | They requested that we **submit** our comments in writing. |\n| The verb *be* | **be**, not *is\u002Fare\u002Fwas\u002Fwere* | It is vital that everyone **be** ready. |\n| Negative | **not + base form** | I suggest that he **not contact** the client yet. |\n| Passive | **be + past participle** | They demanded that the fee **be refunded**. |\n| Negative passive | **not be + past participle** | She requested that her name **not be disclosed**. |\n\nWith subjects such as **we** and **they**, the form of most verbs looks identical to the present indicative. The mandative meaning comes from the surrounding expression and context. With **be** or a third-person singular subject, the difference is visible.\n\n:::warning\nIn the subjunctive construction, do not add **to**, third-person **-s**, or auxiliary **do**.\n\n✓ They demanded that he **leave**.\n\n✗ They demanded that he **to leave**.\n\n✓ They demanded that he **not leave**.\n\n✗ They demanded that he **do not leave**.\n:::\n\nA past reporting verb does not make the subjunctive verb past:\n\n- She **recommends** that he **apply**.\n- She **recommended** that he **apply**.\n\nThe time reference comes from context: *Yesterday, she recommended that he **apply** next month.*\n\n## 3. Recognise the main triggers\n\nMandative clauses can follow verbs, adjectives and nouns. What matters is the meaning of the expression, not just its grammatical category.\n\n| Type | Common triggers | Example |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| Verbs | **demand, insist, recommend, request, propose, suggest, urge** | We propose that the trial **begin** in June. |\n| Adjectives | **essential, vital, imperative, necessary, important** | It is imperative that the records **be preserved**. |\n| Nouns | **demand, recommendation, request, requirement, proposal** | Their recommendation was that the deadline **be extended**. |\n\nNot every expression of desire takes this pattern. For example, **want** normally takes an object followed by a to-infinitive: *I want him **to attend***, not *I want that he attend*.\n\n:::note\n**That** can sometimes be omitted, particularly after verbs: *I suggest he **take** a break.* Keeping **that** often makes longer or more formal sentences easier to follow. Do not assume it can be omitted equally naturally after every trigger.\n:::\n\n## 4. Distinguish demands from statements of fact\n\nSome triggers have more than one meaning. **Insist** can express a demand or a firm assertion; **suggest** can introduce advice or indicate evidence. The subjunctive belongs to the mandative meaning, not automatically to every clause after these verbs.\n\n:::example\n**Demand:** The manager insisted that Maya **be** present at the hearing.\n\nThe manager required Maya's presence.\n\n**Assertion:** The manager insisted that Maya **was** present at the hearing.\n\nThe manager firmly maintained that Maya had been there.\n\n**Recommendation:** Her doctor suggested that she **take** more exercise.\n\nThe doctor advised a change in behaviour.\n\n**Evidence:** The results suggest that she **needs** more exercise.\n\nThe results point towards a conclusion; they do not make a recommendation.\n:::\n\nLikewise, *It is important that she **be informed*** presents informing her as a priority. *It is important that she **is informed*** can instead evaluate an existing fact: her being informed matters.\n\n:::tip\nAsk whether the clause presents a situation as **required or desirable**, or describes something claimed to be **true**. Do not choose the subjunctive simply because you recognise a word such as **suggest** or **important**.\n:::\n\n## 5. Choose a form for your variety and register\n\nThe mandative subjunctive is particularly well established in American English, including ordinary recommendations such as *I suggest that he **call** tomorrow*. It is also standard in British English, especially in formal, institutional and professional contexts.\n\nBritish English commonly uses **should + base form** as an alternative. This construction is also possible in American English.\n\n| Subjunctive | Mandative *should* |\n| --- | --- |\n| They recommended that she **apply**. | They recommended that she **should apply**. |\n| It is essential that he **be informed**. | It is essential that he **should be informed**. |\n| They requested that it **not be published**. | They requested that it **should not be published**. |\n\nHere, **should** helps express the mandative meaning; it does not necessarily weaken a demand into optional advice. *They demanded that he **should resign*** still reports a demand.\n\nBritish English also permits indicative forms in some mandative contexts, particularly in less formal usage: *I suggest that he **takes** a break.* Acceptance varies with the trigger, context and speaker. Consequently, an indicative form after a mandative expression is not automatically an error, and verb form alone does not always settle the meaning.\n\nFor clear international formal writing, **I suggest that he take a break** or **I suggest that he should take a break** avoids this variation.\n\n## 6. A practical editing checklist\n\n1. **Check the meaning:** is this a demand, recommendation or necessity rather than a factual assertion?\n2. **Check the trigger:** does it naturally take a mandative that-clause?\n3. **Choose the construction:** use the subjunctive base form or an appropriate **should** clause.\n4. **Check the verb:** no third-person **-s**; use **be**, **not leave**, and **be informed** as required.\n5. **Check time and register:** do not backshift the subjunctive after a past reporting verb; consider your audience and variety of English.\n\nThe core contrast is **what is proposed or required**, not **what is known to happen**: *They requested that she **be present*** reports the request, not her attendance.",[770],{"id":771,"name":772,"level":663,"language":9,"isCompleted":773,"completionPercentage":774,"totalExercises":26,"completedExercises":774},"01a0e1ab-d50a-700f-a7e2-00d63411111c","Mandative subjunctive",false,0,"2026-09-27T07:02:10+00:00","2026-10-14T10:40:29+00:00",[],[],null,[781,790,797,804],{"@id":782,"@type":783,"id":784,"grammarPage":785,"title":786,"instructions":787,"displayOrder":774,"type":788,"questionCount":91,"blankCount":91,"isCompleted":773,"ogImageUrl":789},"\u002Fapi\u002Fgrammar_exercises\u002F01a0e1ab-e042-7d32-be19-d1e8f3004876","GrammarExercise","01a0e1ab-e042-7d32-be19-d1e8f3004876","\u002Fapi\u002Fgrammar_pages\u002F01a0e1ab-d61b-7161-8c0a-c5eded00cf86","The Subjunctive in Demands and Recommendations — Forms in Context","Choose the option that fits the meaning and construction specified in each context. Where the subjunctive is requested, use that construction rather than an indicative or should alternative.","word_select","\u002Fuploads\u002Fimages\u002Fgpimg_415738e9-6155-4ee5-ac47-a772d6406c98_hero.webp?v=1790492532",{"@id":791,"@type":783,"id":792,"grammarPage":785,"title":793,"instructions":794,"displayOrder":11,"type":795,"questionCount":66,"blankCount":774,"isCompleted":773,"ogImageUrl":796},"\u002Fapi\u002Fgrammar_exercises\u002F01a0e1ab-e065-775f-a0fa-e86dec46accb","01a0e1ab-e065-775f-a0fa-e86dec46accb","The Subjunctive in Demands and Recommendations — Find and Correct the Error","Find the incorrect word and choose its correction.","find_and_fix","\u002Fuploads\u002Fimages\u002Fgpimg_03aaf565-b266-4d30-993c-9ead23fca24e_hero.webp?v=1790492532",{"@id":798,"@type":783,"id":799,"grammarPage":785,"title":800,"instructions":801,"displayOrder":16,"type":802,"questionCount":66,"blankCount":66,"isCompleted":773,"ogImageUrl":803},"\u002Fapi\u002Fgrammar_exercises\u002F01a0e1ab-e071-7633-8078-4206b78cc464","01a0e1ab-e071-7633-8078-4206b78cc464","Mandative Subjunctive — Build Formal Requests","Arrange the tiles to build each sentence. Leave out the extra word.","sentence_builder","\u002Fuploads\u002Fimages\u002Fgpimg_5cfb28da-3266-4815-b21a-7a957c6f12e2_hero.webp?v=1790492532",{"@id":805,"@type":783,"id":806,"grammarPage":785,"title":807,"instructions":808,"displayOrder":21,"type":802,"questionCount":66,"blankCount":66,"isCompleted":773,"ogImageUrl":809},"\u002Fapi\u002Fgrammar_exercises\u002F01a0e1ab-e085-7737-beff-a7ecb23252d6","01a0e1ab-e085-7737-beff-a7ecb23252d6","Mandative Should — Build Requirements","Arrange the tiles to build each sentence with mandative should. Leave out the extra word.","\u002Fuploads\u002Fimages\u002Fgpimg_d29b638c-27c8-4617-b265-8188203f1383_hero.webp?v=1790492532",{"id":784,"grammarPage":785,"title":786,"instructions":787,"seoTitle":811,"seoDescription":812,"displayOrder":774,"type":788,"questions":813,"ogImageUrl":789},"Mandative Subjunctive: Forms and Meaning","Practise the mandative subjunctive with gap-fill sentences about workplace requests, public services and advice, contrasting forms, meanings and register.",[814],{"id":815,"sentenceTemplate":816,"displayOrder":774,"explanation":817,"exampleSentence":818,"blanks":819},"01a0e1ab-e043-703b-839c-5211b611e7db","Use the mandative subjunctive: The supervisor recommends that the new assistant __1__ each delivery before signing for it.","The requested subjunctive uses the base form check after recommends that, even with the singular subject the new assistant. It takes neither -s nor to. Indicative usage exists in some British contexts, but it is not the construction requested here.","The coach urges that each player bring a spare shirt.",[820],{"id":821,"blankNumber":11,"options":822},"01a0e1ab-e042-7f7e-be19-d1e8f4cf4e92",[823,826,830],{"id":824,"optionText":825,"isCorrect":773,"displayOrder":774},"01a0e1ab-e042-7ede-be19-d1e8f3fce1c5","checks",{"id":827,"optionText":828,"isCorrect":829,"displayOrder":11},"01a0e1ab-e042-7f2a-be19-d1e8f4285888","check",true,{"id":831,"optionText":832,"isCorrect":773,"displayOrder":16},"01a0e1ab-e042-7f56-be19-d1e8f49d9683","to check",{"html":834,"toc":835},"\u003Cp>Demands and recommendations describe what someone wants to happen, not necessarily what actually happens. The \u003Cstrong>mandative subjunctive\u003C\u002Fstrong> makes this distinction explicit. You will learn to form it, recognise its triggers, and choose between subjunctive and \u003Cstrong>should\u003C\u002Fstrong> clauses with attention to register and British–American variation.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"a-proposed-action-not-an-established-fact\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">1.\u003C\u002Fspan>A proposed action, not an established fact\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>The mandative subjunctive appears in a clause introduced by \u003Cstrong>that\u003C\u002Fstrong>, after an expression of a demand, recommendation or necessity. \u003Cem>Mandative\u003C\u002Fem> refers to this meaning: someone presents a situation as required or desirable.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"grammar-callout grammar-callout--example\">\u003Cp>The panel recommended that the application \u003Cstrong>be reconsidered\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>The director demanded that every employee \u003Cstrong>attend\u003C\u002Fstrong> the briefing.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>It is essential that the information \u003Cstrong>remain\u003C\u002Fstrong> confidential.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Cp>These sentences do not establish that the application was reconsidered, that everyone attended, or that the information remained confidential. They report a recommendation, a demand or a requirement. The construction itself does not guarantee compliance.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"use-the-base-form-for-every-subject\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">2.\u003C\u002Fspan>Use the base form for every subject\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>The pattern is \u003Cstrong>mandative expression + that + subject + base form\u003C\u002Fstrong>. The subordinate verb has no third-person \u003Cstrong>-s\u003C\u002Fstrong>, and \u003Cstrong>be\u003C\u002Fstrong> remains \u003Cstrong>be\u003C\u002Fstrong> with every subject.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ctable>\n\u003Cthead>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Cth>Feature\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>Pattern\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>Example\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Fthead>\n\u003Ctbody>\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>Third-person singular\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>she submit\u003C\u002Fstrong>, not \u003Cem>she submits\u003C\u002Fem>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>We recommend that she \u003Cstrong>submit\u003C\u002Fstrong> a revised proposal.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>Other subjects\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>I\u002Fyou\u002Fwe\u002Fthey submit\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>They requested that we \u003Cstrong>submit\u003C\u002Fstrong> our comments in writing.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>The verb \u003Cem>be\u003C\u002Fem>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>be\u003C\u002Fstrong>, not \u003Cem>is\u002Fare\u002Fwas\u002Fwere\u003C\u002Fem>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>It is vital that everyone \u003Cstrong>be\u003C\u002Fstrong> ready.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>Negative\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>not + base form\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>I suggest that he \u003Cstrong>not contact\u003C\u002Fstrong> the client yet.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>Passive\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>be + past participle\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>They demanded that the fee \u003Cstrong>be refunded\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>Negative passive\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>not be + past participle\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>She requested that her name \u003Cstrong>not be disclosed\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003Cp>With subjects such as \u003Cstrong>we\u003C\u002Fstrong> and \u003Cstrong>they\u003C\u002Fstrong>, the form of most verbs looks identical to the present indicative. The mandative meaning comes from the surrounding expression and context. With \u003Cstrong>be\u003C\u002Fstrong> or a third-person singular subject, the difference is visible.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"grammar-callout grammar-callout--warning\">\u003Cp>In the subjunctive construction, do not add \u003Cstrong>to\u003C\u002Fstrong>, third-person \u003Cstrong>-s\u003C\u002Fstrong>, or auxiliary \u003Cstrong>do\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>✓ They demanded that he \u003Cstrong>leave\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>✗ They demanded that he \u003Cstrong>to leave\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>✓ They demanded that he \u003Cstrong>not leave\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>✗ They demanded that he \u003Cstrong>do not leave\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Cp>A past reporting verb does not make the subjunctive verb past:\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>She \u003Cstrong>recommends\u003C\u002Fstrong> that he \u003Cstrong>apply\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>She \u003Cstrong>recommended\u003C\u002Fstrong> that he \u003Cstrong>apply\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>\n\u003Cp>The time reference comes from context: \u003Cem>Yesterday, she recommended that he \u003Cstrong>apply\u003C\u002Fstrong> next month.\u003C\u002Fem>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"recognise-the-main-triggers\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">3.\u003C\u002Fspan>Recognise the main triggers\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>Mandative clauses can follow verbs, adjectives and nouns. What matters is the meaning of the expression, not just its grammatical category.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ctable>\n\u003Cthead>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Cth>Type\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>Common triggers\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>Example\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Fthead>\n\u003Ctbody>\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>Verbs\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>demand, insist, recommend, request, propose, suggest, urge\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>We propose that the trial \u003Cstrong>begin\u003C\u002Fstrong> in June.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>Adjectives\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>essential, vital, imperative, necessary, important\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>It is imperative that the records \u003Cstrong>be preserved\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>Nouns\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>demand, recommendation, request, requirement, proposal\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>Their recommendation was that the deadline \u003Cstrong>be extended\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003Cp>Not every expression of desire takes this pattern. For example, \u003Cstrong>want\u003C\u002Fstrong> normally takes an object followed by a to-infinitive: \u003Cem>I want him \u003Cstrong>to attend\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fem>, not \u003Cem>I want that he attend\u003C\u002Fem>.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"grammar-callout grammar-callout--note\">\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>That\u003C\u002Fstrong> can sometimes be omitted, particularly after verbs: \u003Cem>I suggest he \u003Cstrong>take\u003C\u002Fstrong> a break.\u003C\u002Fem> Keeping \u003Cstrong>that\u003C\u002Fstrong> often makes longer or more formal sentences easier to follow. Do not assume it can be omitted equally naturally after every trigger.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"distinguish-demands-from-statements-of-fact\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">4.\u003C\u002Fspan>Distinguish demands from statements of fact\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>Some triggers have more than one meaning. \u003Cstrong>Insist\u003C\u002Fstrong> can express a demand or a firm assertion; \u003Cstrong>suggest\u003C\u002Fstrong> can introduce advice or indicate evidence. The subjunctive belongs to the mandative meaning, not automatically to every clause after these verbs.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"grammar-callout grammar-callout--example\">\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>Demand:\u003C\u002Fstrong> The manager insisted that Maya \u003Cstrong>be\u003C\u002Fstrong> present at the hearing.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>The manager required Maya's presence.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>Assertion:\u003C\u002Fstrong> The manager insisted that Maya \u003Cstrong>was\u003C\u002Fstrong> present at the hearing.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>The manager firmly maintained that Maya had been there.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>Recommendation:\u003C\u002Fstrong> Her doctor suggested that she \u003Cstrong>take\u003C\u002Fstrong> more exercise.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>The doctor advised a change in behaviour.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>Evidence:\u003C\u002Fstrong> The results suggest that she \u003Cstrong>needs\u003C\u002Fstrong> more exercise.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>The results point towards a conclusion; they do not make a recommendation.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Cp>Likewise, \u003Cem>It is important that she \u003Cstrong>be informed\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fem> presents informing her as a priority. \u003Cem>It is important that she \u003Cstrong>is informed\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fem> can instead evaluate an existing fact: her being informed matters.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"grammar-callout grammar-callout--tip\">\u003Cp>Ask whether the clause presents a situation as \u003Cstrong>required or desirable\u003C\u002Fstrong>, or describes something claimed to be \u003Cstrong>true\u003C\u002Fstrong>. Do not choose the subjunctive simply because you recognise a word such as \u003Cstrong>suggest\u003C\u002Fstrong> or \u003Cstrong>important\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"choose-a-form-for-your-variety-and-register\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">5.\u003C\u002Fspan>Choose a form for your variety and register\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>The mandative subjunctive is particularly well established in American English, including ordinary recommendations such as \u003Cem>I suggest that he \u003Cstrong>call\u003C\u002Fstrong> tomorrow\u003C\u002Fem>. It is also standard in British English, especially in formal, institutional and professional contexts.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>British English commonly uses \u003Cstrong>should + base form\u003C\u002Fstrong> as an alternative. This construction is also possible in American English.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ctable>\n\u003Cthead>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Cth>Subjunctive\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>Mandative \u003Cem>should\u003C\u002Fem>\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Fthead>\n\u003Ctbody>\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>They recommended that she \u003Cstrong>apply\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>They recommended that she \u003Cstrong>should apply\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>It is essential that he \u003Cstrong>be informed\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>It is essential that he \u003Cstrong>should be informed\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>They requested that it \u003Cstrong>not be published\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>They requested that it \u003Cstrong>should not be published\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003Cp>Here, \u003Cstrong>should\u003C\u002Fstrong> helps express the mandative meaning; it does not necessarily weaken a demand into optional advice. \u003Cem>They demanded that he \u003Cstrong>should resign\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fem> still reports a demand.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>British English also permits indicative forms in some mandative contexts, particularly in less formal usage: \u003Cem>I suggest that he \u003Cstrong>takes\u003C\u002Fstrong> a break.\u003C\u002Fem> Acceptance varies with the trigger, context and speaker. Consequently, an indicative form after a mandative expression is not automatically an error, and verb form alone does not always settle the meaning.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>For clear international formal writing, \u003Cstrong>I suggest that he take a break\u003C\u002Fstrong> or \u003Cstrong>I suggest that he should take a break\u003C\u002Fstrong> avoids this variation.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"a-practical-editing-checklist\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">6.\u003C\u002Fspan>A practical editing checklist\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Col>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Check the meaning:\u003C\u002Fstrong> is this a demand, recommendation or necessity rather than a factual assertion?\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Check the trigger:\u003C\u002Fstrong> does it naturally take a mandative that-clause?\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Choose the construction:\u003C\u002Fstrong> use the subjunctive base form or an appropriate \u003Cstrong>should\u003C\u002Fstrong> clause.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Check the verb:\u003C\u002Fstrong> no third-person \u003Cstrong>-s\u003C\u002Fstrong>; use \u003Cstrong>be\u003C\u002Fstrong>, \u003Cstrong>not leave\u003C\u002Fstrong>, and \u003Cstrong>be informed\u003C\u002Fstrong> as required.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Check time and register:\u003C\u002Fstrong> do not backshift the subjunctive after a past reporting verb; consider your audience and variety of English.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Fol>\n\u003Cp>The core contrast is \u003Cstrong>what is proposed or required\u003C\u002Fstrong>, not \u003Cstrong>what is known to happen\u003C\u002Fstrong>: \u003Cem>They requested that she \u003Cstrong>be present\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fem> reports the request, not her attendance.\u003C\u002Fp>\n",[836,840,844,848,852,856],{"id":837,"text":838,"depth":16,"number":839},"a-proposed-action-not-an-established-fact","A proposed action, not an established fact","1",{"id":841,"text":842,"depth":16,"number":843},"use-the-base-form-for-every-subject","Use the base form for every subject","2",{"id":845,"text":846,"depth":16,"number":847},"recognise-the-main-triggers","Recognise the main triggers","3",{"id":849,"text":850,"depth":16,"number":851},"distinguish-demands-from-statements-of-fact","Distinguish demands from statements of fact","4",{"id":853,"text":854,"depth":16,"number":855},"choose-a-form-for-your-variety-and-register","Choose a form for your variety and register","5",{"id":857,"text":858,"depth":16,"number":859},"a-practical-editing-checklist","A practical editing checklist","6"]