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Other","another-other-others-the-other",70.75,{"id":474,"title":475,"slug":476,"language":9,"level":357,"displayOrder":477},"019b7f43-6879-7d25-94aa-fe53784d39c4","Clauses & Linking Words (Cause, Effect, Contrast, Purpose)","cause-and-effect",71,{"id":479,"title":480,"slug":481,"language":9,"level":357,"displayOrder":482},"019b93a4-f831-7564-898b-bd3291f2af79","Second Conditional","second-conditional",72,{"id":484,"title":485,"slug":486,"language":9,"level":357,"displayOrder":487},"019b93bb-80fa-76ce-8b72-e7352b6083b0","Third Conditional","third-conditional",73,{"id":489,"title":490,"slug":491,"language":9,"level":357,"displayOrder":492},"019b9421-c1ca-7371-93ae-96dd1106e47c","Reported speech \u002F Indirect speech","reported-speech-indirect-speech",74,{"id":494,"title":495,"slug":496,"language":9,"level":357,"displayOrder":497},"019dfd54-bbaf-7b5b-921a-1fb3d0c2a2a6","Gerund vs Infinitive","gerund-vs-infinitive",74.5,{"id":499,"title":500,"slug":501,"language":9,"level":357,"displayOrder":502},"01a0e1ab-d5d8-7484-8fca-82bc3d0644d7","Indirect Questions with If, Whether and Question Words","indirect-questions-with-if-whether-and-question-words",74.51,{"id":504,"title":505,"slug":506,"language":9,"level":357,"displayOrder":507},"01a0e1ab-d564-7990-a767-ffb4264741b3","Be Used to and Get Used to","be-used-to-and-get-used-to",74.52,{"id":509,"title":510,"slug":511,"language":9,"level":357,"displayOrder":512},"01a0e1ab-d5fd-7a5b-8f33-7d17c98ef74a","So Do I and Neither Do I","so-do-i-and-neither-do-i",74.53,{"id":514,"title":515,"slug":516,"language":9,"level":357,"displayOrder":517},"01a0e1ab-d627-7249-805f-9514f407e8a4","Verbs with Two Objects: To and For","verbs-with-two-objects-to-and-for",74.54,{"id":519,"title":520,"slug":521,"language":9,"level":357,"displayOrder":522},"01a0e1ab-d621-75b7-8c67-9601c998b52e","Verbs with Dependent Prepositions","verbs-with-dependent-prepositions",74.55,{"id":524,"title":525,"slug":526,"language":9,"level":357,"displayOrder":527},"01a0e1ab-d5eb-7838-9223-95e410fff7b9","Nouns with Dependent Prepositions","nouns-with-dependent-prepositions",74.56,{"id":529,"title":530,"slug":531,"language":9,"level":357,"displayOrder":532},"01a0e1ab-d5cc-783e-9492-99f1542755f2","Had Better: Advice and Warnings","had-better-advice-and-warnings",74.57,{"id":534,"title":535,"slug":536,"language":9,"level":537,"displayOrder":538},"019b986e-3c6a-72a3-9d42-65053d9e4657","Past Perfect (B2)","past-perfect-b2","B2",75,{"id":540,"title":541,"slug":542,"language":9,"level":537,"displayOrder":543},"019b9875-a5b8-753a-8892-02d60cf124f3","Past Perfect Continuous","past-perfect-continuous",76,{"id":545,"title":546,"slug":547,"language":9,"level":537,"displayOrder":548},"019b98ad-b43d-70eb-9bf8-98360d4b8745","Narrative tenses","narrative-tenses",77,{"id":550,"title":551,"slug":552,"language":9,"level":537,"displayOrder":553},"019b98bb-42d1-7d70-8952-3f7934673d2c","Would - Expressing habits in the past","would-expressing-habits-in-the-past",78,{"id":555,"title":556,"slug":557,"language":9,"level":537,"displayOrder":558},"019b98bd-abbe-77ac-84ec-e3ed78abff75","Future Continuous (B2)","future-continuous-b2",79,{"id":560,"title":561,"slug":562,"language":9,"level":537,"displayOrder":563},"019b996c-756a-7595-8991-7fbfd497bca0","Future Perfect","future-perfect",80,{"id":565,"title":566,"slug":567,"language":9,"level":537,"displayOrder":568},"019b9973-ccc0-7aea-94b3-d59ca2b27d38","Future Perfect Continuous","future-perfect-continuous",81,{"id":570,"title":571,"slug":572,"language":9,"level":537,"displayOrder":573},"019dfde9-8a73-7247-ac3c-834f3e800f0a","Future in the Past","future-in-the-past",81.5,{"id":575,"title":576,"slug":577,"language":9,"level":537,"displayOrder":578},"019b997c-1273-7267-bc94-e10133989373","Adjectives and Adverbs","adjectives-and-adverbs",82,{"id":580,"title":581,"slug":582,"language":9,"level":537,"displayOrder":583},"019dfd9b-c2c7-7f83-b2ce-1554f06f427c","Discourse Markers","discourse-markers",82.5,{"id":585,"title":586,"slug":587,"language":9,"level":537,"displayOrder":588},"019ba3df-b04f-7684-9f23-1939e873ec29","Defining & non-defining relative clauses","defining-non-defining-relative-clauses",83,{"id":590,"title":591,"slug":592,"language":9,"level":537,"displayOrder":593},"019ba3fc-5f03-7360-a405-79bca6f524d2","Passive voice","passive-voice",84,{"id":595,"title":596,"slug":597,"language":9,"level":537,"displayOrder":598},"019ba7c7-5eb8-76f4-a04c-ce82fa1b4568","Passive Voice: Additional Uses and Nuances","passive-voice-additional-uses-and-nuances",85,{"id":600,"title":601,"slug":602,"language":9,"level":537,"displayOrder":603},"019dfdfa-7403-7489-8772-2ee826b8e57b","There vs It","there-vs-it",85.5,{"id":605,"title":606,"slug":607,"language":9,"level":537,"displayOrder":608},"019ba7d2-7094-7519-b0f1-7b9c0b8d1a84","Deduction & Speculation (Modals)","deduction-speculation-modals",86,{"id":610,"title":611,"slug":612,"language":9,"level":537,"displayOrder":613},"019ba7e3-8713-7c45-a547-be8a80ad5763","Modals (can’t have & needn’t have)","modals-cant-have-neednt-have",87,{"id":615,"title":616,"slug":617,"language":9,"level":537,"displayOrder":618},"019ba7f0-c7aa-7cb5-820b-7cf90b088c6d","Wish (Expressing Regret, Desire, and Imagined Situations)","wish-expressing-regret-desire-and-imagined-situations",88,{"id":620,"title":621,"slug":622,"language":9,"level":537,"displayOrder":623},"019ba801-1386-70f7-b6f1-0000e045cc8b","Mixed Conditionals","mixed-conditionals",89,{"id":625,"title":626,"slug":627,"language":9,"level":537,"displayOrder":628},"019ba80b-0997-7e31-aec6-b14a79efe69e","Reported Speech","reported-speech",90,{"id":630,"title":631,"slug":632,"language":9,"level":537,"displayOrder":633},"019dfdf1-5b30-731a-b71e-63d79f5a409b","Verb Patterns","verb-patterns",90.5,{"id":635,"title":636,"slug":637,"language":9,"level":537,"displayOrder":638},"01a0e1ab-d608-72f0-ae7b-02084e6afb58","Subject-Verb Agreement with Complex Subjects","subject-verb-agreement-with-complex-subjects",90.51,{"id":640,"title":641,"slug":642,"language":9,"level":537,"displayOrder":643},"01a0e1ab-d5f1-7df8-9e70-f2c2ebdb7f87","Participle Clauses for Time, Reason and Result","participle-clauses-for-time-reason-and-result",90.52,{"id":645,"title":646,"slug":647,"language":9,"level":537,"displayOrder":648},"01a0e1ab-d5b1-734c-b34d-419db9e26b1d","Emphatic Do, Does and Did","emphatic-do-does-and-did",90.53,{"id":650,"title":651,"slug":652,"language":9,"level":537,"displayOrder":653},"01a0e1ab-d633-7103-8c29-0ff220ac6d29","Would Rather, Would Prefer and Prefer","would-rather-would-prefer-and-prefer",90.54,{"id":655,"title":656,"slug":657,"language":9,"level":537,"displayOrder":658},"01a0e1ab-d614-7ce6-bb2b-df1c89246cd8","That-Clauses and Whether-Clauses as Complements","that-clauses-and-whether-clauses-as-complements",90.55,{"id":660,"title":661,"slug":662,"language":9,"level":663,"displayOrder":664},"019ba879-7d5a-7e14-8941-8c79d67c94ed","Narrative tenses for experience, incl. passive","narrative-tenses-for-experience-incl-passive","C1",91,{"id":666,"title":667,"slug":668,"language":9,"level":663,"displayOrder":669},"019ba883-e2dd-7cf2-becf-a1b53f06feaa","Future Tenses (Revision)","future-tenses-revision",92,{"id":671,"title":672,"slug":673,"language":9,"level":663,"displayOrder":674},"019ba891-4e3d-7714-b92c-7cab6023957a","Mixed Conditionals (Past, present & future)","mixed-conditionals-past-present-future",93,{"id":676,"title":677,"slug":678,"language":9,"level":663,"displayOrder":679},"019ba897-8cbb-7842-ad6e-c6e11ffa1701","Wish \u002F If only (Regrets)","wish-if-only-regrets",94,{"id":681,"title":682,"slug":683,"language":9,"level":663,"displayOrder":684},"019ba8a9-71c4-7787-96a0-6a02f8a55e49","Passive Forms","passive-forms",95,{"id":686,"title":687,"slug":688,"language":9,"level":663,"displayOrder":689},"019ba8b8-bc3e-7662-8e7a-4c432325ad08","Modals in the past","modals-in-the-past",96,{"id":691,"title":692,"slug":693,"language":9,"level":663,"displayOrder":694},"019dfe19-a32b-7ab1-9be5-4aebce963308","Modal Verbs: Will, Would & Should","modal-verbs-will-would-should",96.5,{"id":696,"title":697,"slug":698,"language":9,"level":663,"displayOrder":699},"019dfe2a-3524-779c-9c22-273be8bd4134","Modal Verbs: Can, Could, May & Might","modal-verbs-can-could-may-might",96.75,{"id":701,"title":702,"slug":703,"language":9,"level":663,"displayOrder":704},"019ba8c3-4434-78e7-a2af-f992da01a459","Inversion with negative adverbials","inversion-with-negative-adverbials",97,{"id":706,"title":707,"slug":708,"language":9,"level":663,"displayOrder":709},"01a0e1ab-d5aa-756b-b06b-76ca59800cb2","Ellipsis with Auxiliaries and Infinitives","ellipsis-with-auxiliaries-and-infinitives",97.01,{"id":711,"title":712,"slug":713,"language":9,"level":663,"displayOrder":714},"01a0e1ab-d60e-7755-901b-763344a63a75","Substitution with Do So, So and Not","substitution-with-do-so-so-and-not",97.02,{"id":716,"title":717,"slug":718,"language":9,"level":663,"displayOrder":719},"01a0e1ab-d57e-70e9-98fe-8107fd9c38c1","Complex Noun Phrases: Modification and Complementation","complex-noun-phrases-modification-and-complementation",97.03,{"id":721,"title":722,"slug":723,"language":9,"level":663,"displayOrder":724},"01a0e1ab-d5e5-73b5-b5bc-53d16d704466","Nominalisation and Noun-Based Style","nominalisation-and-noun-based-style",97.04,{"id":726,"title":727,"slug":728,"language":9,"level":663,"displayOrder":729},"01a0e1ab-d61b-7161-8c0a-c5eded00cf86","The Subjunctive in Demands and Recommendations","the-subjunctive-in-demands-and-recommendations",97.05,{"id":731,"title":732,"slug":733,"language":9,"level":663,"displayOrder":734},"01a0e1ab-d56c-78aa-b897-1469dd6a3315","Cleft Sentences: It-Clefts, Wh-Clefts and All-Clefts","cleft-sentences-it-clefts-wh-clefts-and-all-clefts",97.06,{"id":736,"title":737,"slug":738,"language":9,"level":663,"displayOrder":739},"01a0e1ab-d594-7dd6-9ff4-94959247d273","Concession with Whatever, No Matter and As","concession-with-whatever-no-matter-and-as",97.07,{"id":741,"title":742,"slug":743,"language":9,"level":744,"displayOrder":745},"01a0e1ab-d542-7721-9c84-6e47716ee54b","Absolute and Verbless Supplementary Clauses","absolute-and-verbless-supplementary-clauses","C2",98,{"id":747,"title":748,"slug":749,"language":9,"level":744,"displayOrder":750},"01a0e1ab-d5bf-7022-8177-a107314b83fb","Free Relative Clauses: Reference and Ambiguity","free-relative-clauses-reference-and-ambiguity",99,{"id":752,"title":753,"slug":754,"language":9,"level":744,"displayOrder":755},"01a0e1ab-d5c5-7677-85af-023326574682","Gapping and Shared Elements in Coordination","gapping-and-shared-elements-in-coordination",100,{"id":757,"title":758,"slug":759,"language":9,"level":744,"displayOrder":760},"01a0e1ab-d59c-7289-a960-fc9da7101a43","Dislocation and Resumptive Pronouns in Spoken Discourse","dislocation-and-resumptive-pronouns-in-spoken-discourse",101,{"id":762,"title":763,"slug":764,"language":9,"level":744,"displayOrder":765},"01a0e1ab-d5de-7245-aaf8-c59b501eafc4","Negation, Quantifier Scope and Ambiguity","negation-quantifier-scope-and-ambiguity",102,{"id":650,"title":651,"slug":652,"seoDescription":767,"content":768,"language":9,"level":537,"displayOrder":653,"grammarTopics":769,"createdAt":775,"updatedAt":776,"vocabularyLists":777,"readyImages":778},"Learn how to use would rather, would prefer and prefer to compare choices, make polite requests, and express present and past preferences accurately.","**Prefer**, **would prefer** and **would rather** express a choice between alternatives. You can use them to describe general tastes, choose what to do, make polite requests, and explain how you wanted a past situation to be different.\n\n## 1. General preferences and particular choices\n\nUse **prefer** for general tastes and habits. Use **would prefer** or **would rather** especially for a choice in a particular situation.\n\n| Meaning | Pattern | Example |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| General preference | **prefer + noun** | I **prefer tea**. |\n| General preference about an activity | **prefer + -ing \u002F to-infinitive** | I **prefer walking**. \u002F I **prefer to walk**. |\n| Particular choice | **would prefer + noun \u002F to-infinitive** | I **would prefer a taxi**. \u002F I **would prefer to walk**. |\n| Particular choice about an action | **would rather + base form** | I **would rather walk**. |\n\nThis is a useful distinction, not a strict division. **Prefer** can also describe a current choice: “Which seat do you prefer?” **Would** often makes a preference sound less direct.\n\n:::example\n**Usual habit:** I **prefer cooking** at home to eating out.\n\n**Tonight’s choice:** I’m tired. I**’d prefer to eat** out tonight.\n\n**The same choice:** I**’d rather eat** out tonight.\n:::\n\nHere, **’d** means **would**. **Would rather** is common in conversation; **would prefer** often sounds slightly more formal or polite.\n\n## 2. Comparing two alternatives\n\nThe comparison word depends on the pattern. Keep the two alternatives balanced: compare nouns with nouns, or actions with actions.\n\n| Pattern | Example |\n| --- | --- |\n| **prefer + noun + to + noun** | I **prefer tea to coffee**. |\n| **prefer + -ing + to + -ing** | I **prefer walking to driving**. |\n| **prefer + to-infinitive + rather than + base form** | I **prefer to walk rather than drive**. |\n| **would prefer + noun + to + noun** | I **would prefer tea to coffee**. |\n| **would prefer + to-infinitive + rather than + base form** | I **would prefer to walk rather than drive**. |\n| **would rather + base form + than + base form** | I **would rather walk than drive**. |\n\nIn **prefer walking to driving**, **to** is a preposition, so it is followed by an **-ing** form. In **prefer to walk**, it introduces an infinitive.\n\n:::tip\nRemember three useful pairs:\n\n- **prefer tea to coffee**\n- **would prefer to stay rather than leave**\n- **would rather stay than leave**\n\nYou can leave out the second alternative when it is already clear: “I’d rather stay.”\n:::\n\n## 3. Negatives and questions\n\nTo express a preference not to do something, put **not** before the action.\n\n:::example\nI**’d rather not discuss** it now.\n\nI**’d prefer not to discuss** it now.\n\nI **prefer not to drive** at night.\n:::\n\nWith **would**, form questions by putting **would** before the subject. With ordinary present-tense **prefer**, use **do** or **does**.\n\n| Question | Natural short response |\n| --- | --- |\n| **Do you prefer** tea or coffee? | Tea, please. |\n| **Would you prefer to** sit outside? | Yes, I’d prefer that. |\n| **Would you rather** sit inside or outside? | I’d rather sit outside. |\n\n:::warning\nAfter **would rather**, use the base form, not a to-infinitive or an **-ing** form.\n\n✗ I’d rather to stay.\n\n✗ I’d rather staying.\n\n✓ I**’d rather stay**.\n\nAfter **would prefer**, use a to-infinitive in this pattern:\n\n✓ I**’d prefer to stay**.\n:::\n\n## 4. Preferences about another person’s actions\n\nWhen you want someone else to do something, the two expressions use different structures.\n\n| Expression | Pattern | Example |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| **would rather** | subject + **would rather** + another subject + past simple | I**’d rather you called** tomorrow. |\n| **would prefer** | subject + **would prefer** + object + to-infinitive | I**’d prefer you to call** tomorrow. |\n| **would prefer it if** | subject + **would prefer it if** + another subject + past simple | I**’d prefer it if you called** tomorrow. |\n\nThe past simple in **I’d rather you called tomorrow** refers to the future, not the past. It presents the action as a desired situation rather than a fact.\n\nFor a negative preference, use **didn’t** after the second subject with **would rather**, or **not to** with **would prefer**.\n\n:::example\nI**’d rather you didn’t use** my laptop.\n\nI**’d prefer you not to use** my laptop.\n\nI**’d prefer it if you didn’t use** my laptop.\n:::\n\n:::note\nCompare who performs the action:\n\n- **I’d rather leave now.** → I want to leave.\n- **I’d rather you left now.** → I want you to leave.\n\nThese forms can soften a request, but tone and context still matter. “I’d rather you left now” can sound firm.\n:::\n\n## 5. Preferences about the past\n\nTo express a different preference about a completed situation, use a perfect form.\n\nWhen the person expressing the preference also performs the action, use:\n\n- **would rather + have + past participle**\n- **would prefer + to have + past participle**\n\n:::example\n**We travelled by bus, but it was uncomfortable.**\n\nI**’d rather have taken** the train.\n\nI**’d prefer to have taken** the train.\n:::\n\nWith **would rather + another subject**, use the **past perfect**: **had + past participle**.\n\n:::example\n**You told everyone my news yesterday. I wanted it to remain private.**\n\nI**’d rather you hadn’t told** everyone.\n:::\n\nCompare **I’d rather you didn’t tell anyone tomorrow** with **I’d rather you hadn’t told anyone yesterday**. The first concerns a future action; the second concerns a completed past action.\n\n## 6. Choose the right pattern\n\n1. **Describe a general preference:** use **prefer**, as in **prefer swimming to running**.\n2. **Choose your own action:** use **would rather go** or **would prefer to go**.\n3. **Compare actions:** use **would rather go than stay** or **would prefer to go rather than stay**.\n4. **Express a preference about someone else:** use **would rather you went** or **would prefer you to go**.\n5. **Look back at a completed situation:** use **would rather have gone**, **would prefer to have gone**, or **would rather you had gone**.\n\nThe key checks are **who performs the action**, **when it happens**, and **which verb pattern follows the preference expression**.",[770],{"id":771,"name":772,"level":537,"language":9,"isCompleted":773,"completionPercentage":774,"totalExercises":16,"completedExercises":774},"01a0e1ab-d4f6-7d07-b409-7018c99f947a","Preference patterns",false,0,"2026-09-27T07:02:10+00:00","2026-10-14T10:40:29+00:00",[],[],null,[781,790],{"@id":782,"@type":783,"id":784,"grammarPage":785,"title":786,"instructions":787,"displayOrder":774,"type":788,"questionCount":91,"blankCount":126,"isCompleted":773,"ogImageUrl":789},"\u002Fapi\u002Fgrammar_exercises\u002F01a0e1ab-e18a-7038-b3bf-69e344e8c260","GrammarExercise","01a0e1ab-e18a-7038-b3bf-69e344e8c260","\u002Fapi\u002Fgrammar_pages\u002F01a0e1ab-d633-7103-8c29-0ff220ac6d29","Would Rather, Would Prefer and Prefer — Forms in Context","Choose the option that completes each sentence in context.","word_select","\u002Fuploads\u002Fimages\u002Fgpimg_42deb501-0e3b-4b19-a246-a6bf19068593_hero.webp?v=1790492533",{"@id":791,"@type":783,"id":792,"grammarPage":785,"title":793,"instructions":794,"displayOrder":11,"type":795,"questionCount":76,"blankCount":76,"isCompleted":773,"ogImageUrl":796},"\u002Fapi\u002Fgrammar_exercises\u002F01a0e1ab-e1b6-70c1-9aa4-8874956a48c5","01a0e1ab-e1b6-70c1-9aa4-8874956a48c5","Would Rather, Would Prefer and Prefer — Build the Sentences","Arrange the tiles to build each sentence or question. Leave out the extra word.","sentence_builder","\u002Fuploads\u002Fimages\u002Fgpimg_65a680d6-1105-4ad4-9df4-8c05e31a72fa_hero.webp?v=1790492533",{"id":784,"grammarPage":785,"title":786,"instructions":787,"seoTitle":798,"seoDescription":799,"displayOrder":774,"type":788,"questions":800,"ogImageUrl":789},"Prefer and Would Rather: Practise the Patterns","Practise prefer, would prefer and would rather in gap-fill sentences about everyday choices, polite requests, shared plans and regrets about past events.",[801],{"id":802,"sentenceTemplate":803,"displayOrder":774,"explanation":804,"exampleSentence":805,"blanks":806},"01a0e1ab-e18a-745c-b3bf-69e34988eb60","I usually prefer a window seat __1__ an aisle seat, but on this flight I would prefer an aisle seat __2__ a window seat.","Both prefer + noun and would prefer + noun use to to introduce the alternative. Usually signals a habit; on this flight signals a particular choice, but the comparison word stays the same.","For our new kitchen, we would prefer a round table to a square one.",[807,820],{"id":808,"blankNumber":11,"options":809},"01a0e1ab-e18a-72ec-b3bf-69e347712f79",[810,813,817],{"id":811,"optionText":812,"isCorrect":773,"displayOrder":774},"01a0e1ab-e18a-7200-b3bf-69e345992a53","than",{"id":814,"optionText":815,"isCorrect":816,"displayOrder":11},"01a0e1ab-e18a-725c-b3bf-69e3464e3d41","to",true,{"id":818,"optionText":819,"isCorrect":773,"displayOrder":16},"01a0e1ab-e18a-72a4-b3bf-69e346e1d74e","rather",{"id":821,"blankNumber":16,"options":822},"01a0e1ab-e18a-7410-b3bf-69e348bc7395",[823,825,827],{"id":824,"optionText":815,"isCorrect":816,"displayOrder":774},"01a0e1ab-e18a-7398-b3bf-69e347c481a3",{"id":826,"optionText":812,"isCorrect":773,"displayOrder":11},"01a0e1ab-e18a-73c8-b3bf-69e347ce8e5a",{"id":828,"optionText":829,"isCorrect":773,"displayOrder":16},"01a0e1ab-e18a-73ec-b3bf-69e3483d0d1a","from",{"html":831,"toc":832},"\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>Prefer\u003C\u002Fstrong>, \u003Cstrong>would prefer\u003C\u002Fstrong> and \u003Cstrong>would rather\u003C\u002Fstrong> express a choice between alternatives. You can use them to describe general tastes, choose what to do, make polite requests, and explain how you wanted a past situation to be different.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"general-preferences-and-particular-choices\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">1.\u003C\u002Fspan>General preferences and particular choices\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>Use \u003Cstrong>prefer\u003C\u002Fstrong> for general tastes and habits. Use \u003Cstrong>would prefer\u003C\u002Fstrong> or \u003Cstrong>would rather\u003C\u002Fstrong> especially for a choice in a particular situation.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ctable>\n\u003Cthead>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Cth>Meaning\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>Pattern\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>Example\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Fthead>\n\u003Ctbody>\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>General preference\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>prefer + noun\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>I \u003Cstrong>prefer tea\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>General preference about an activity\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>prefer + -ing \u002F to-infinitive\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>I \u003Cstrong>prefer walking\u003C\u002Fstrong>. \u002F I \u003Cstrong>prefer to walk\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>Particular choice\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>would prefer + noun \u002F to-infinitive\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>I \u003Cstrong>would prefer a taxi\u003C\u002Fstrong>. \u002F I \u003Cstrong>would prefer to walk\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>Particular choice about an action\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>would rather + base form\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>I \u003Cstrong>would rather walk\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003Cp>This is a useful distinction, not a strict division. \u003Cstrong>Prefer\u003C\u002Fstrong> can also describe a current choice: “Which seat do you prefer?” \u003Cstrong>Would\u003C\u002Fstrong> often makes a preference sound less direct.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"grammar-callout grammar-callout--example\">\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>Usual habit:\u003C\u002Fstrong> I \u003Cstrong>prefer cooking\u003C\u002Fstrong> at home to eating out.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>Tonight’s choice:\u003C\u002Fstrong> I’m tired. I**’d prefer to eat** out tonight.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>The same choice:\u003C\u002Fstrong> I**’d rather eat** out tonight.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Cp>Here, \u003Cstrong>’d\u003C\u002Fstrong> means \u003Cstrong>would\u003C\u002Fstrong>. \u003Cstrong>Would rather\u003C\u002Fstrong> is common in conversation; \u003Cstrong>would prefer\u003C\u002Fstrong> often sounds slightly more formal or polite.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"comparing-two-alternatives\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">2.\u003C\u002Fspan>Comparing two alternatives\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>The comparison word depends on the pattern. Keep the two alternatives balanced: compare nouns with nouns, or actions with actions.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ctable>\n\u003Cthead>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Cth>Pattern\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>Example\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Fthead>\n\u003Ctbody>\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>prefer + noun + to + noun\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>I \u003Cstrong>prefer tea to coffee\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>prefer + -ing + to + -ing\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>I \u003Cstrong>prefer walking to driving\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>prefer + to-infinitive + rather than + base form\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>I \u003Cstrong>prefer to walk rather than drive\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>would prefer + noun + to + noun\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>I \u003Cstrong>would prefer tea to coffee\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>would prefer + to-infinitive + rather than + base form\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>I \u003Cstrong>would prefer to walk rather than drive\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>would rather + base form + than + base form\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>I \u003Cstrong>would rather walk than drive\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003Cp>In \u003Cstrong>prefer walking to driving\u003C\u002Fstrong>, \u003Cstrong>to\u003C\u002Fstrong> is a preposition, so it is followed by an \u003Cstrong>-ing\u003C\u002Fstrong> form. In \u003Cstrong>prefer to walk\u003C\u002Fstrong>, it introduces an infinitive.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"grammar-callout grammar-callout--tip\">\u003Cp>Remember three useful pairs:\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>prefer tea to coffee\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>would prefer to stay rather than leave\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>would rather stay than leave\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>\n\u003Cp>You can leave out the second alternative when it is already clear: “I’d rather stay.”\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"negatives-and-questions\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">3.\u003C\u002Fspan>Negatives and questions\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>To express a preference not to do something, put \u003Cstrong>not\u003C\u002Fstrong> before the action.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"grammar-callout grammar-callout--example\">\u003Cp>I**’d rather not discuss** it now.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>I**’d prefer not to discuss** it now.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>I \u003Cstrong>prefer not to drive\u003C\u002Fstrong> at night.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Cp>With \u003Cstrong>would\u003C\u002Fstrong>, form questions by putting \u003Cstrong>would\u003C\u002Fstrong> before the subject. With ordinary present-tense \u003Cstrong>prefer\u003C\u002Fstrong>, use \u003Cstrong>do\u003C\u002Fstrong> or \u003Cstrong>does\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ctable>\n\u003Cthead>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Cth>Question\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>Natural short response\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Fthead>\n\u003Ctbody>\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>Do you prefer\u003C\u002Fstrong> tea or coffee?\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>Tea, please.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>Would you prefer to\u003C\u002Fstrong> sit outside?\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>Yes, I’d prefer that.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>Would you rather\u003C\u002Fstrong> sit inside or outside?\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>I’d rather sit outside.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"grammar-callout grammar-callout--warning\">\u003Cp>After \u003Cstrong>would rather\u003C\u002Fstrong>, use the base form, not a to-infinitive or an \u003Cstrong>-ing\u003C\u002Fstrong> form.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>✗ I’d rather to stay.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>✗ I’d rather staying.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>✓ I**’d rather stay**.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>After \u003Cstrong>would prefer\u003C\u002Fstrong>, use a to-infinitive in this pattern:\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>✓ I**’d prefer to stay**.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"preferences-about-another-persons-actions\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">4.\u003C\u002Fspan>Preferences about another person’s actions\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>When you want someone else to do something, the two expressions use different structures.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ctable>\n\u003Cthead>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Cth>Expression\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>Pattern\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>Example\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Fthead>\n\u003Ctbody>\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>would rather\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>subject + \u003Cstrong>would rather\u003C\u002Fstrong> + another subject + past simple\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>I**’d rather you called** tomorrow.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>would prefer\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>subject + \u003Cstrong>would prefer\u003C\u002Fstrong> + object + to-infinitive\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>I**’d prefer you to call** tomorrow.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>would prefer it if\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>subject + \u003Cstrong>would prefer it if\u003C\u002Fstrong> + another subject + past simple\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>I**’d prefer it if you called** tomorrow.\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003Cp>The past simple in \u003Cstrong>I’d rather you called tomorrow\u003C\u002Fstrong> refers to the future, not the past. It presents the action as a desired situation rather than a fact.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>For a negative preference, use \u003Cstrong>didn’t\u003C\u002Fstrong> after the second subject with \u003Cstrong>would rather\u003C\u002Fstrong>, or \u003Cstrong>not to\u003C\u002Fstrong> with \u003Cstrong>would prefer\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"grammar-callout grammar-callout--example\">\u003Cp>I**’d rather you didn’t use** my laptop.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>I**’d prefer you not to use** my laptop.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>I**’d prefer it if you didn’t use** my laptop.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"grammar-callout grammar-callout--note\">\u003Cp>Compare who performs the action:\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>I’d rather leave now.\u003C\u002Fstrong> → I want to leave.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>I’d rather you left now.\u003C\u002Fstrong> → I want you to leave.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>\n\u003Cp>These forms can soften a request, but tone and context still matter. “I’d rather you left now” can sound firm.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"preferences-about-the-past\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">5.\u003C\u002Fspan>Preferences about the past\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>To express a different preference about a completed situation, use a perfect form.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>When the person expressing the preference also performs the action, use:\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>would rather + have + past participle\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>would prefer + to have + past participle\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"grammar-callout grammar-callout--example\">\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>We travelled by bus, but it was uncomfortable.\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>I**’d rather have taken** the train.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>I**’d prefer to have taken** the train.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Cp>With \u003Cstrong>would rather + another subject\u003C\u002Fstrong>, use the \u003Cstrong>past perfect\u003C\u002Fstrong>: \u003Cstrong>had + past participle\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"grammar-callout grammar-callout--example\">\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>You told everyone my news yesterday. I wanted it to remain private.\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>I**’d rather you hadn’t told** everyone.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Cp>Compare \u003Cstrong>I’d rather you didn’t tell anyone tomorrow\u003C\u002Fstrong> with \u003Cstrong>I’d rather you hadn’t told anyone yesterday\u003C\u002Fstrong>. The first concerns a future action; the second concerns a completed past action.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"choose-the-right-pattern\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">6.\u003C\u002Fspan>Choose the right pattern\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Col>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Describe a general preference:\u003C\u002Fstrong> use \u003Cstrong>prefer\u003C\u002Fstrong>, as in \u003Cstrong>prefer swimming to running\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Choose your own action:\u003C\u002Fstrong> use \u003Cstrong>would rather go\u003C\u002Fstrong> or \u003Cstrong>would prefer to go\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Compare actions:\u003C\u002Fstrong> use \u003Cstrong>would rather go than stay\u003C\u002Fstrong> or \u003Cstrong>would prefer to go rather than stay\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Express a preference about someone else:\u003C\u002Fstrong> use \u003Cstrong>would rather you went\u003C\u002Fstrong> or \u003Cstrong>would prefer you to go\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Look back at a completed situation:\u003C\u002Fstrong> use \u003Cstrong>would rather have gone\u003C\u002Fstrong>, \u003Cstrong>would prefer to have gone\u003C\u002Fstrong>, or \u003Cstrong>would rather you had gone\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Fol>\n\u003Cp>The key checks are \u003Cstrong>who performs the action\u003C\u002Fstrong>, \u003Cstrong>when it happens\u003C\u002Fstrong>, and \u003Cstrong>which verb pattern follows the preference expression\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\u003C\u002Fp>\n",[833,837,841,845,849,853],{"id":834,"text":835,"depth":16,"number":836},"general-preferences-and-particular-choices","General preferences and particular choices","1",{"id":838,"text":839,"depth":16,"number":840},"comparing-two-alternatives","Comparing two alternatives","2",{"id":842,"text":843,"depth":16,"number":844},"negatives-and-questions","Negatives and questions","3",{"id":846,"text":847,"depth":16,"number":848},"preferences-about-another-persons-actions","Preferences about another person’s actions","4",{"id":850,"text":851,"depth":16,"number":852},"preferences-about-the-past","Preferences about the past","5",{"id":854,"text":855,"depth":16,"number":856},"choose-the-right-pattern","Choose the right pattern","6"]