[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"grammar-page-es-el-alfabeto-espanol-y-sus-sonidos-principales":3,"grammar-exercises-by-page-019f7f70-2e9b-7ea9-8148-4a838f6c5696":25,"grammar-exercise-workloads-019f7f70-2e9b-7ea9-8148-4a838f6c5696":41,"exercise-list-path-es-sonidos-y-letras-del-espanol-a1":629},{"id":4,"title":5,"slug":6,"seoDescription":7,"content":8,"language":9,"level":10,"displayOrder":11,"grammarTopics":12,"createdAt":19,"updatedAt":20,"vocabularyLists":21,"primaryTopicHub":22,"readyImages":24},"019f7f70-2e9b-7ea9-8148-4a838f6c5696","El alfabeto español y sus sonidos principales","el-alfabeto-espanol-y-sus-sonidos-principales","Conoce las 27 letras del alfabeto español, sus nombres y sonidos principales para deletrear, entender direcciones y usar el diccionario (nivel A1).","El español se escribe con **27 letras**. Conocer sus nombres te ayuda a deletrear tu nombre, entender direcciones y buscar palabras en un diccionario.\n\nAl terminar esta lección, podrás:\n\n- reconocer las letras del alfabeto español;\n- decir sus nombres;\n- relacionar las letras más frecuentes con sus sonidos principales.\n\n## 1. Las 27 letras\n\nEl alfabeto español tiene cinco vocales y veintidós consonantes.\n\n| Letra | Nombre | Ejemplo | Letra | Nombre | Ejemplo |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| a | **a** | *amigo* | n | **ene** | *noche* |\n| b | **be** | *barco* | ñ | **eñe** | *niño* |\n| c | **ce** | *casa* | o | **o** | *ojo* |\n| d | **de** | *día* | p | **pe** | *pan* |\n| e | **e** | *elefante* | q | **cu** | *queso* |\n| f | **efe** | *familia* | r | **erre** | *rojo* |\n| g | **ge** | *gato* | s | **ese** | *sol* |\n| h | **hache** | *hola* | t | **te** | *tarde* |\n| i | **i** | *isla* | u | **u** | *uva* |\n| j | **jota** | *jardín* | v | **uve** | *vino* |\n| k | **ka** | *kilo* | w | **uve doble** | *web* |\n| l | **ele** | *luna* | x | **equis** | *taxi* |\n| m | **eme** | *madre* | y | **ye** | *yo* |\n|  |  |  | z | **zeta** | *zapato* |\n\n:::note\nLos nombres de algunas letras varían según la zona: para **v** se dice *uve* o *ve*; para **w**, el nombre recomendado es *uve doble*; para **y**, *ye* o *i griega*. Todas estas formas son habituales.\n:::\n\nLa tabla da un ejemplo por letra. Para los sonidos que pueden causar dudas —**h, j, ñ, z** y **x**— consulta también la sección 3.\n\nLas letras **k** y **w** aparecen casi siempre en préstamos de otras lenguas: *kilo, kiwi, web, wifi*.\n\n## 2. Las vocales\n\nLas cinco vocales tienen un sonido claro y estable. No se reducen mucho aunque estén en una sílaba sin fuerza.\n\n| Vocal | Sonido aproximado | Ejemplos |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| **a** | como en *casa* | *mapa, Ana* |\n| **e** | como en *mesa* | *enero, café* |\n| **i** | como en *isla* | *vino, sí* |\n| **o** | como en *ojo* | *foto, no* |\n| **u** | como en *uva* | *uno, tú* |\n\n:::example\nLee despacio y mantén cada vocal:\n\n- **a-e-i-o-u**\n- *casa, mesa, vino, foto, luna*\n- *Mi amigo vive en Málaga.*\n:::\n\n## 3. Consonantes con más de un sonido\n\nAlgunas consonantes cambian de sonido según la vocal que aparece después.\n\n| Letra o grupo | Sonido principal | Ejemplo |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| **c** + a, o, u | como **k** | *casa, cosa, cuna* |\n| **c** + e, i | como **s** en América y el sur de España; en gran parte de España, con la lengua entre los dientes, parecido a *th* en inglés *think* | *cena, cine* |\n| **g** + a, o, u | sonido suave de *gato* | *gato, goma, gusto* |\n| **g** + e, i | sonido fuerte, como **j** | *gente, girar* |\n| **qu** + e, i | sonido de **k**; la **u** no suena | *queso, quince* |\n| **h** | normalmente no tiene sonido | *hola, ahora* |\n| **b** y **v** | representan el mismo sonido | *vaca, baca* |\n| **r** | fuerte al inicio y tras **n, l, s** | *rojo, Enrique, alrededor, Israel* |\n| **r** | suave entre vocales | *pero, cara, mira* |\n| **rr** | sonido fuerte entre vocales | *perro* |\n| **j** | sonido fuerte | *jardín* |\n| **ñ** | sonido nasal: el aire sale por la nariz mientras la lengua toca el paladar | *niño, España, mañana* |\n| **z** | como **s** en América y el sur de España; en gran parte de España, con la lengua entre los dientes, parecido a *th* en inglés *think* | *zapato* |\n| **x** | normalmente como **ks**; en algunos nombres, como **j** | *taxi; México, Texas, Oaxaca* |\n| **x** al inicio | normalmente como **s** | *xilófono* |\n| **y** al final | sonido vocálico parecido a **i** | *hoy, rey, muy* |\n\n:::tip\nCuando aprendas una palabra nueva, aprende también cómo se pronuncia. Una letra no siempre representa un único sonido.\n:::\n\n## 4. Grupos que representan un sonido\n\nDos letras pueden trabajar juntas para representar un sonido:\n\n- **ch** aparece en *chico* y *noche*;\n- **ll** aparece en *llave* y *calle*;\n- **rr** aparece entre vocales en *perro* y *tierra*;\n- **qu** aparece en *queso* y *aquí*;\n- **gu** mantiene el sonido de *gato* en *guerra* y *guitarra*; delante de **e, i**, la **u** no se pronuncia.\n\nEn **güe\u002Fgüi**, la diéresis indica que la **u** sí suena: *pingüino, vergüenza*.\n\nEn la mayor parte del mundo hispánico, **ll** e **y** suenan igual: *llave* y *yate*. En algunas zonas se distinguen los dos sonidos.\n\n:::warning\n**Ch** y **ll** no son letras separadas del alfabeto actual. Para ordenar palabras, *chico* está dentro de la **c** y *llave* está dentro de la **l**.\n:::\n\n## 5. Cómo deletrear\n\nPara deletrear, di el nombre de cada letra en orden.\n\n:::example\n**Ana**: a - ene - a\n\n**Luis**: ele - u - i - ese\n\n**México**: eme - e - equis - i - ce - o\n\nLa letra sigue llamándose **equis** aunque en *México* suene como la **j** de *jardín*.\n:::\n\nSigue estos pasos:\n\n1. Escucha o lee la palabra completa.\n2. Separa mentalmente sus letras.\n3. Di el nombre de cada letra con una pausa breve.\n4. Repite la palabra completa al final.\n\n## 6. Resumen práctico\n\n| Para... | Recuerda... |\n| --- | --- |\n| decir el alfabeto | hay **27 letras**, de **a** a **z** |\n| pronunciar vocales | **a, e, i, o, u** mantienen sonidos claros |\n| leer **c** o **g** | mira la vocal que aparece después |\n| leer **h** | normalmente es muda |\n| deletrear | usa el *nombre* de cada letra, no su sonido |","es","A1",1,[13],{"id":14,"name":15,"level":10,"language":9,"isCompleted":16,"completionPercentage":17,"totalExercises":18,"completedExercises":17},"01a03036-6144-78b2-a919-71bd8a6a3b5f","Sonidos y letras del español",false,0,6,"2026-07-20T12:11:26+00:00","2026-08-23T20:01:06+00:00",[],{"name":15,"slug":23,"language":9},"sonidos-y-letras-del-espanol-a1",[],[26,35],{"@id":27,"@type":28,"id":29,"grammarPage":30,"title":31,"instructions":32,"displayOrder":17,"type":33,"isCompleted":16,"ogImageUrl":34},"\u002Fapi\u002Fgrammar_exercises\u002F019f7f70-3d1a-7d39-b97f-f2b5e0e27806","GrammarExercise","019f7f70-3d1a-7d39-b97f-f2b5e0e27806","\u002Fapi\u002Fgrammar_pages\u002F019f7f70-2e9b-7ea9-8148-4a838f6c5696","Nombres de las letras y deletreo","Elige la opción que completa correctamente cada dato o deletreo.","word_select","\u002Fuploads\u002Fimages\u002Fgpimg_019f7a88-ba8b-7723-8a71-9086c76ac7c9_hero.webp",{"@id":36,"@type":28,"id":37,"grammarPage":30,"title":38,"instructions":39,"displayOrder":11,"type":33,"isCompleted":16,"ogImageUrl":40},"\u002Fapi\u002Fgrammar_exercises\u002F019f7f70-3d34-7deb-9098-255a9a839ebf","019f7f70-3d34-7deb-9098-255a9a839ebf","Sonidos y grupos de letras","Lee cada palabra o regla escrita y elige la descripción correcta. No necesitas escuchar ningún audio.","\u002Fuploads\u002Fimages\u002Fgpimg_019f7a88-babd-7e7b-a59a-a075d498eb3c_hero.webp",{"019f7f70-3d1a-7d39-b97f-f2b5e0e27806":42,"019f7f70-3d34-7deb-9098-255a9a839ebf":369},{"id":29,"grammarPage":30,"title":31,"instructions":32,"displayOrder":17,"type":33,"questions":43,"ogImageUrl":34},[44,89,107,125,143,162,179,196,215,255,274,293,312,331,350],{"id":45,"sentenceTemplate":46,"displayOrder":17,"explanation":47,"exampleSentence":48,"blanks":49},"019f7f70-3d1b-7213-9fe4-027b8a9d021f","El alfabeto español actual tiene __1__ letras: __2__ vocales y __3__ consonantes.","El alfabeto está formado por 27 letras: cinco vocales y veintidós consonantes.","La a es una de las cinco vocales y la ñ es una de las veintidós consonantes.",[50,64,76],{"id":51,"blankNumber":11,"options":52},"019f7f70-3d1a-7ebd-b97f-f2b5e2938f66",[53,57,60],{"id":54,"optionText":55,"isCorrect":56,"displayOrder":17},"019f7f70-3d1a-7dd1-b97f-f2b5e0fe2288","27",true,{"id":58,"optionText":59,"isCorrect":16,"displayOrder":11},"019f7f70-3d1a-7e29-b97f-f2b5e1b8a9a1","26",{"id":61,"optionText":62,"isCorrect":16,"displayOrder":63},"019f7f70-3d1a-7e79-b97f-f2b5e24c6a15","29",2,{"id":65,"blankNumber":63,"options":66},"019f7f70-3d1b-7067-9fe4-027b889ee522",[67,70,73],{"id":68,"optionText":69,"isCorrect":56,"displayOrder":17},"019f7f70-3d1a-7f35-b97f-f2b5e2f29a6a","cinco",{"id":71,"optionText":72,"isCorrect":16,"displayOrder":11},"019f7f70-3d1a-7f79-b97f-f2b5e3c1dd31","cuatro",{"id":74,"optionText":75,"isCorrect":16,"displayOrder":63},"019f7f70-3d1b-7023-9fe4-027b885115d7","seis",{"id":77,"blankNumber":78,"options":79},"019f7f70-3d1b-719f-9fe4-027b89b74ca2",3,[80,83,86],{"id":81,"optionText":82,"isCorrect":16,"displayOrder":17},"019f7f70-3d1b-70d7-9fe4-027b88a99424","veinte",{"id":84,"optionText":85,"isCorrect":16,"displayOrder":11},"019f7f70-3d1b-711b-9fe4-027b893e5f09","veintisiete",{"id":87,"optionText":88,"isCorrect":56,"displayOrder":63},"019f7f70-3d1b-715f-9fe4-027b899614c1","veintidós",{"id":90,"sentenceTemplate":91,"displayOrder":11,"explanation":92,"exampleSentence":93,"blanks":94},"019f7f70-3d1b-7437-9fe4-027b8d6b6377","Para deletrear una palabra, decimos __1__.","Deletrear consiste en decir el nombre de cada letra en el mismo orden en que aparece.","En «mar», decimos eme-a-erre.",[95],{"id":96,"blankNumber":11,"options":97},"019f7f70-3d1b-73c7-9fe4-027b8c87b990",[98,101,104],{"id":99,"optionText":100,"isCorrect":16,"displayOrder":17},"019f7f70-3d1b-72ff-9fe4-027b8ad4932e","solo el sonido de la primera letra",{"id":102,"optionText":103,"isCorrect":56,"displayOrder":11},"019f7f70-3d1b-7343-9fe4-027b8ad6eb88","el nombre de cada letra en orden",{"id":105,"optionText":106,"isCorrect":16,"displayOrder":63},"019f7f70-3d1b-7387-9fe4-027b8bccbb4f","el número de sílabas",{"id":108,"sentenceTemplate":109,"displayOrder":63,"explanation":110,"exampleSentence":111,"blanks":112},"019f7f70-3d1b-759f-9fe4-027b9044faa5","Después de decir todas las letras con una pausa breve, el último paso es __1__.","La secuencia de deletreo termina repitiendo la palabra completa.","Decimos ese-a-ele y, al final, repetimos «sal».",[113],{"id":114,"blankNumber":11,"options":115},"019f7f70-3d1b-7563-9fe4-027b8fcf1147",[116,119,122],{"id":117,"optionText":118,"isCorrect":16,"displayOrder":17},"019f7f70-3d1b-74df-9fe4-027b8e155ec8","cambiar el orden de las letras",{"id":120,"optionText":121,"isCorrect":16,"displayOrder":11},"019f7f70-3d1b-751f-9fe4-027b8e9b6bf8","omitir las vocales",{"id":123,"optionText":124,"isCorrect":56,"displayOrder":63},"019f7f70-3d1b-7543-9fe4-027b8f9a3634","repetir la palabra completa",{"id":126,"sentenceTemplate":127,"displayOrder":78,"explanation":128,"exampleSentence":129,"blanks":130},"019f7f70-3d1b-7677-9fe4-027b92a09256","Para nombrar la letra ñ, decimos __1__.","El nombre de la letra ñ es «eñe».","En el deletreo de «niño» aparece la eñe.",[131],{"id":132,"blankNumber":11,"options":133},"019f7f70-3d1b-763f-9fe4-027b9227848b",[134,137,140],{"id":135,"optionText":136,"isCorrect":16,"displayOrder":17},"019f7f70-3d1b-75e3-9fe4-027b90639392","ene",{"id":138,"optionText":139,"isCorrect":16,"displayOrder":11},"019f7f70-3d1b-7603-9fe4-027b914963dd","eme",{"id":141,"optionText":142,"isCorrect":56,"displayOrder":63},"019f7f70-3d1b-7623-9fe4-027b9205b21e","eñe",{"id":144,"sentenceTemplate":145,"displayOrder":146,"explanation":147,"exampleSentence":148,"blanks":149},"019f7f70-3d1b-774b-9fe4-027b94dbfcfd","La letra h se llama __1__.",4,"«Hache» es el nombre de la letra h, aunque normalmente no tenga sonido.","«Hotel» empieza con hache.",[150],{"id":151,"blankNumber":11,"options":152},"019f7f70-3d1b-7717-9fe4-027b94c18b76",[153,156,159],{"id":154,"optionText":155,"isCorrect":56,"displayOrder":17},"019f7f70-3d1b-76b7-9fe4-027b92bdd0f5","hache",{"id":157,"optionText":158,"isCorrect":16,"displayOrder":11},"019f7f70-3d1b-76db-9fe4-027b931a8dfd","jota",{"id":160,"optionText":161,"isCorrect":16,"displayOrder":63},"019f7f70-3d1b-76fb-9fe4-027b93f48b1d","ge",{"id":163,"sentenceTemplate":164,"displayOrder":165,"explanation":166,"exampleSentence":167,"blanks":168},"019f7f70-3d1b-781b-9fe4-027b97216f67","El nombre de la letra j es __1__.",5,"La letra j se nombra «jota».","«Jueves» empieza con jota.",[169],{"id":170,"blankNumber":11,"options":171},"019f7f70-3d1b-77e7-9fe4-027b96f43003",[172,174,177],{"id":173,"optionText":161,"isCorrect":16,"displayOrder":17},"019f7f70-3d1b-778b-9fe4-027b94e2d5ef",{"id":175,"optionText":176,"isCorrect":16,"displayOrder":11},"019f7f70-3d1b-77ab-9fe4-027b9581a9b5","ka",{"id":178,"optionText":158,"isCorrect":56,"displayOrder":63},"019f7f70-3d1b-77cb-9fe4-027b9679b9b3",{"id":180,"sentenceTemplate":181,"displayOrder":18,"explanation":182,"exampleSentence":183,"blanks":184},"019f7f70-3d1b-78f7-9fe4-027b99a2b3e9","Cuando decimos __1__, estamos nombrando la letra q.","El nombre de la letra q es «cu».","En «quince», la primera letra se llama cu.",[185],{"id":186,"blankNumber":11,"options":187},"019f7f70-3d1b-78c3-9fe4-027b992e4c7b",[188,191,194],{"id":189,"optionText":190,"isCorrect":16,"displayOrder":17},"019f7f70-3d1b-785b-9fe4-027b97585ab4","ce",{"id":192,"optionText":193,"isCorrect":56,"displayOrder":11},"019f7f70-3d1b-787b-9fe4-027b97c25b01","cu",{"id":195,"optionText":176,"isCorrect":16,"displayOrder":63},"019f7f70-3d1b-78a3-9fe4-027b98883951",{"id":197,"sentenceTemplate":198,"displayOrder":199,"explanation":200,"exampleSentence":201,"blanks":202},"019f7f70-3d1b-79c7-9fe4-027b9c482840","La letra x recibe el nombre de __1__.",7,"«Equis» es el nombre de la letra x.","La última letra de «fénix» se llama equis.",[203],{"id":204,"blankNumber":11,"options":205},"019f7f70-3d1b-7993-9fe4-027b9bd99c0b",[206,209,212],{"id":207,"optionText":208,"isCorrect":16,"displayOrder":17},"019f7f70-3d1b-7937-9fe4-027b9a2f84d1","ese",{"id":210,"optionText":211,"isCorrect":16,"displayOrder":11},"019f7f70-3d1b-7957-9fe4-027b9a91fb00","zeta",{"id":213,"optionText":214,"isCorrect":56,"displayOrder":63},"019f7f70-3d1b-7977-9fe4-027b9b4618cd","equis",{"id":216,"sentenceTemplate":217,"displayOrder":218,"explanation":219,"exampleSentence":220,"blanks":221},"019f7f70-3d1b-7bab-9fe4-027ba1e9eec2","Según los nombres generales de la lección, v es __1__, w es __2__ e y es __3__.",8,"La lección presenta «uve», «doble uve» y «ye» como nombres generales; también explica que existen variantes regionales aceptadas.","En «voy», la primera letra es uve y la última es ye.",[222,233,244],{"id":223,"blankNumber":11,"options":224},"019f7f70-3d1b-7a63-9fe4-027b9e0b4a61",[225,228,231],{"id":226,"optionText":227,"isCorrect":56,"displayOrder":17},"019f7f70-3d1b-7a07-9fe4-027b9c8dd5c1","uve",{"id":229,"optionText":230,"isCorrect":16,"displayOrder":11},"019f7f70-3d1b-7a27-9fe4-027b9cb7861d","be",{"id":232,"optionText":214,"isCorrect":16,"displayOrder":63},"019f7f70-3d1b-7a47-9fe4-027b9dadc655",{"id":234,"blankNumber":63,"options":235},"019f7f70-3d1b-7aef-9fe4-027ba051f4c1",[236,239,241],{"id":237,"optionText":238,"isCorrect":56,"displayOrder":17},"019f7f70-3d1b-7a93-9fe4-027b9ece54ff","doble uve",{"id":240,"optionText":227,"isCorrect":16,"displayOrder":11},"019f7f70-3d1b-7ab3-9fe4-027b9f0bb4c1",{"id":242,"optionText":243,"isCorrect":16,"displayOrder":63},"019f7f70-3d1b-7ad3-9fe4-027b9fda8ee1","doble ese",{"id":245,"blankNumber":78,"options":246},"019f7f70-3d1b-7b77-9fe4-027ba1b1987a",[247,250,252],{"id":248,"optionText":249,"isCorrect":16,"displayOrder":17},"019f7f70-3d1b-7b1f-9fe4-027ba0915ce1","i",{"id":251,"optionText":142,"isCorrect":16,"displayOrder":11},"019f7f70-3d1b-7b3f-9fe4-027ba0cabd41",{"id":253,"optionText":254,"isCorrect":56,"displayOrder":63},"019f7f70-3d1b-7b5b-9fe4-027ba1007273","ye",{"id":256,"sentenceTemplate":257,"displayOrder":258,"explanation":259,"exampleSentence":260,"blanks":261},"019f7f70-3d1b-7cb3-9fe4-027ba39065dc","Para deletrear «bautizo», decimos __1__.",9,"«Bautizo» se forma con b-a-u-t-i-z-o: be, a, u, te, i, zeta, o.","«Tubo» se deletrea te-u-be-o.",[262],{"id":263,"blankNumber":11,"options":264},"019f7f70-3d1b-7c7f-9fe4-027ba31064a8",[265,268,271],{"id":266,"optionText":267,"isCorrect":56,"displayOrder":17},"019f7f70-3d1b-7c1f-9fe4-027ba2132c56","be - a - u - te - i - zeta - o",{"id":269,"optionText":270,"isCorrect":16,"displayOrder":11},"019f7f70-3d1b-7c43-9fe4-027ba236e001","uve - a - u - te - i - zeta - o",{"id":272,"optionText":273,"isCorrect":16,"displayOrder":63},"019f7f70-3d1b-7c63-9fe4-027ba2bea206","be - a - u - te - i - ese - o",{"id":275,"sentenceTemplate":276,"displayOrder":277,"explanation":278,"exampleSentence":279,"blanks":280},"019f7f70-3d1b-7d7f-9fe4-027ba5030bba","La forma correcta de deletrear «Paz» es __1__.",10,"«Paz» contiene p-a-z, por eso se dice pe, a, zeta.","«Pan» se deletrea pe-a-ene.",[281],{"id":282,"blankNumber":11,"options":283},"019f7f70-3d1b-7d4b-9fe4-027ba4d6bd4b",[284,287,290],{"id":285,"optionText":286,"isCorrect":16,"displayOrder":17},"019f7f70-3d1b-7cf3-9fe4-027ba40a0938","pe - a - ese",{"id":288,"optionText":289,"isCorrect":16,"displayOrder":11},"019f7f70-3d1b-7d13-9fe4-027ba44f200a","pe - e - zeta",{"id":291,"optionText":292,"isCorrect":56,"displayOrder":63},"019f7f70-3d1b-7d2f-9fe4-027ba49f88fc","pe - a - zeta",{"id":294,"sentenceTemplate":295,"displayOrder":296,"explanation":297,"exampleSentence":298,"blanks":299},"019f7f70-3d1b-7e4f-9fe4-027ba7ce8a17","Para decir letra por letra el nombre «Carlos», usamos __1__.",11,"«Carlos» se forma con c-a-r-l-o-s: ce, a, erre, ele, o, ese.","«Rosa» se deletrea erre-o-ese-a.",[300],{"id":301,"blankNumber":11,"options":302},"019f7f70-3d1b-7e1b-9fe4-027ba6d951ed",[303,306,309],{"id":304,"optionText":305,"isCorrect":56,"displayOrder":17},"019f7f70-3d1b-7dbf-9fe4-027ba51d9a92","ce - a - erre - ele - o - ese",{"id":307,"optionText":308,"isCorrect":16,"displayOrder":11},"019f7f70-3d1b-7ddf-9fe4-027ba5b47114","ka - a - erre - ele - o - ese",{"id":310,"optionText":311,"isCorrect":16,"displayOrder":63},"019f7f70-3d1b-7dff-9fe4-027ba65e6501","ce - a - erre - ele - o - zeta",{"id":313,"sentenceTemplate":314,"displayOrder":315,"explanation":316,"exampleSentence":317,"blanks":318},"019f7f70-3d1b-7f1b-9fe4-027ba98ddc9d","Al deletrear «Kenia», la secuencia correcta es __1__.",12,"Las letras k-e-n-i-a se nombran ka, e, ene, i, a.","«Kiwi» comienza con ka y termina con i.",[319],{"id":320,"blankNumber":11,"options":321},"019f7f70-3d1b-7ee7-9fe4-027ba9632345",[322,325,328],{"id":323,"optionText":324,"isCorrect":16,"displayOrder":17},"019f7f70-3d1b-7e8f-9fe4-027ba8056dcb","ka - e - eme - i - a",{"id":326,"optionText":327,"isCorrect":56,"displayOrder":11},"019f7f70-3d1b-7eaf-9fe4-027ba8a89fa4","ka - e - ene - i - a",{"id":329,"optionText":330,"isCorrect":16,"displayOrder":63},"019f7f70-3d1b-7ecb-9fe4-027ba94c0ef0","ka - e - ene - ye - a",{"id":332,"sentenceTemplate":333,"displayOrder":334,"explanation":335,"exampleSentence":336,"blanks":337},"019f7f70-3d1c-705d-9c50-45f63c8a2cbd","El nombre «Miguel» se deletrea __1__.",13,"«Miguel» contiene m-i-g-u-e-l: eme, i, ge, u, e, ele.","«Gema» se deletrea ge-e-eme-a.",[338],{"id":339,"blankNumber":11,"options":340},"019f7f70-3d1c-7025-9c50-45f63bcc7d6e",[341,344,347],{"id":342,"optionText":343,"isCorrect":16,"displayOrder":17},"019f7f70-3d1b-7f5b-9fe4-027ba9b0e88c","ene - i - ge - u - e - ele",{"id":345,"optionText":346,"isCorrect":56,"displayOrder":11},"019f7f70-3d1b-7f87-9fe4-027baa42d21f","eme - i - ge - u - e - ele",{"id":348,"optionText":349,"isCorrect":16,"displayOrder":63},"019f7f70-3d1c-7001-9c50-45f63bbbe122","eme - i - jota - u - e - ele",{"id":351,"sentenceTemplate":352,"displayOrder":353,"explanation":354,"exampleSentence":355,"blanks":356},"019f7f70-3d1c-7135-9c50-45f63f9d0102","Para deletrear «delfín», elegimos la secuencia __1__.",14,"Las letras d-e-l-f-i-n se nombran de, e, ele, efe, i, ene.","«Fideo» se deletrea efe-i-de-e-o.",[357],{"id":358,"blankNumber":11,"options":359},"019f7f70-3d1c-7101-9c50-45f63f04f692",[360,363,366],{"id":361,"optionText":362,"isCorrect":56,"displayOrder":17},"019f7f70-3d1c-709d-9c50-45f63d48d741","de - e - ele - efe - i - ene",{"id":364,"optionText":365,"isCorrect":16,"displayOrder":11},"019f7f70-3d1c-70bd-9c50-45f63e122cff","te - e - ele - efe - i - ene",{"id":367,"optionText":368,"isCorrect":16,"displayOrder":63},"019f7f70-3d1c-70e5-9c50-45f63e53ffe1","de - e - ele - efe - i - eñe",{"id":37,"grammarPage":30,"title":38,"instructions":39,"displayOrder":11,"type":33,"questions":370,"ogImageUrl":40},[371,389,407,425,441,457,475,493,510,526,542,558,575,593,611],{"id":372,"sentenceTemplate":373,"displayOrder":17,"explanation":374,"exampleSentence":375,"blanks":376},"019f7f70-3d34-7f3b-9098-255a9cf086e8","En la palabra escrita «cama», la c aparece delante de a y suena como __1__.","La c delante de a tiene un sonido como el de k.","La c de «copa» también suena como k.",[377],{"id":378,"blankNumber":11,"options":379},"019f7f70-3d34-7ef3-9098-255a9c23fe50",[380,383,386],{"id":381,"optionText":382,"isCorrect":16,"displayOrder":17},"019f7f70-3d34-7e73-9098-255a9af3b949","s",{"id":384,"optionText":385,"isCorrect":56,"displayOrder":11},"019f7f70-3d34-7eab-9098-255a9b2be143","k",{"id":387,"optionText":388,"isCorrect":16,"displayOrder":63},"019f7f70-3d34-7ecf-9098-255a9c01e493","j",{"id":390,"sentenceTemplate":391,"displayOrder":11,"explanation":392,"exampleSentence":393,"blanks":394},"019f7f70-3d35-7084-a219-bbe8936e3c9e","En «cine», la c va delante de i y se pronuncia __1__.","Delante de e o i, la c suena como s en gran parte del mundo y como z en buena parte de España.","La c de «cero» sigue la misma regla regional.",[395],{"id":396,"blankNumber":11,"options":397},"019f7f70-3d35-704c-a219-bbe8927b8b34",[398,401,404],{"id":399,"optionText":400,"isCorrect":16,"displayOrder":17},"019f7f70-3d34-7f83-9098-255a9dcf0f89","como k en todas las zonas",{"id":402,"optionText":403,"isCorrect":16,"displayOrder":11},"019f7f70-3d35-7004-a219-bbe890f5a40e","como g",{"id":405,"optionText":406,"isCorrect":56,"displayOrder":63},"019f7f70-3d35-702c-a219-bbe891e9c7bb","como s o como z, según la zona",{"id":408,"sentenceTemplate":409,"displayOrder":63,"explanation":410,"exampleSentence":411,"blanks":412},"019f7f70-3d35-7170-a219-bbe8972259bc","En la palabra «goma», la g delante de o tiene el sonido suave de __1__.","La g delante de a, o o u conserva el sonido suave que oímos en «gato».","La g de «gusano» pertenece al mismo grupo.",[413],{"id":414,"blankNumber":11,"options":415},"019f7f70-3d35-7128-a219-bbe896496289",[416,419,422],{"id":417,"optionText":418,"isCorrect":56,"displayOrder":17},"019f7f70-3d35-70c8-a219-bbe8946b0b83","gato",{"id":420,"optionText":421,"isCorrect":16,"displayOrder":11},"019f7f70-3d35-70ec-a219-bbe8956229ad","jardín",{"id":423,"optionText":424,"isCorrect":16,"displayOrder":63},"019f7f70-3d35-710c-a219-bbe8959c8614","queso",{"id":426,"sentenceTemplate":427,"displayOrder":78,"explanation":428,"exampleSentence":429,"blanks":430},"019f7f70-3d35-7244-a219-bbe89979900c","La g de «girasol» va delante de i y tiene un sonido fuerte, como la __1__.","Delante de e o i, la g tiene un sonido fuerte parecido al de la j.","La primera g de «gigante» también suena como j.",[431],{"id":432,"blankNumber":11,"options":433},"019f7f70-3d35-7210-a219-bbe898ad0224",[434,436,439],{"id":435,"optionText":385,"isCorrect":16,"displayOrder":17},"019f7f70-3d35-71b0-a219-bbe8979c75c0",{"id":437,"optionText":438,"isCorrect":16,"displayOrder":11},"019f7f70-3d35-71d4-a219-bbe897adf04c","g de gato",{"id":440,"optionText":388,"isCorrect":56,"displayOrder":63},"019f7f70-3d35-71f4-a219-bbe897f8c2ac",{"id":442,"sentenceTemplate":443,"displayOrder":146,"explanation":444,"exampleSentence":445,"blanks":446},"019f7f70-3d35-7318-a219-bbe89d3ece7a","En «queso», el grupo qu representa el sonido de __1__.","Qu delante de e o i representa el sonido de k.","El grupo qu de «pequeño» también tiene sonido de k.",[447],{"id":448,"blankNumber":11,"options":449},"019f7f70-3d35-72e4-a219-bbe89cb65fc6",[450,452,454],{"id":451,"optionText":385,"isCorrect":56,"displayOrder":17},"019f7f70-3d35-7288-a219-bbe89a2d4a0c",{"id":453,"optionText":382,"isCorrect":16,"displayOrder":11},"019f7f70-3d35-72a8-a219-bbe89b29f367",{"id":455,"optionText":456,"isCorrect":16,"displayOrder":63},"019f7f70-3d35-72c8-a219-bbe89c123d84","ch",{"id":458,"sentenceTemplate":459,"displayOrder":165,"explanation":460,"exampleSentence":461,"blanks":462},"019f7f70-3d35-73e8-a219-bbe8a0983748","Cuando leemos «quince», la u del grupo qu __1__.","En qu delante de e o i, la u no se pronuncia.","La u de «aquí» tampoco suena.",[463],{"id":464,"blankNumber":11,"options":465},"019f7f70-3d35-73b4-a219-bbe89fa94133",[466,469,472],{"id":467,"optionText":468,"isCorrect":16,"displayOrder":17},"019f7f70-3d35-7358-a219-bbe89db2b7a4","suena como una o",{"id":470,"optionText":471,"isCorrect":56,"displayOrder":11},"019f7f70-3d35-7378-a219-bbe89e144649","no suena",{"id":473,"optionText":474,"isCorrect":16,"displayOrder":63},"019f7f70-3d35-7398-a219-bbe89eb5c2fd","suena como una i",{"id":476,"sentenceTemplate":477,"displayOrder":18,"explanation":478,"exampleSentence":479,"blanks":480},"019f7f70-3d35-74d8-a219-bbe8a3023df4","En la palabra escrita «ahora», la h normalmente __1__.","La h del español normalmente es muda, por eso no representa un sonido en «ahora».","La h inicial de «hermano» también es muda.",[481],{"id":482,"blankNumber":11,"options":483},"019f7f70-3d35-7488-a219-bbe8a24a6eb7",[484,487,490],{"id":485,"optionText":486,"isCorrect":16,"displayOrder":17},"019f7f70-3d35-742c-a219-bbe8a13f91c0","suena como j",{"id":488,"optionText":489,"isCorrect":16,"displayOrder":11},"019f7f70-3d35-744c-a219-bbe8a1530538","suena como k",{"id":491,"optionText":492,"isCorrect":56,"displayOrder":63},"019f7f70-3d35-746c-a219-bbe8a1ef8924","no tiene sonido",{"id":494,"sentenceTemplate":495,"displayOrder":199,"explanation":496,"exampleSentence":497,"blanks":498},"019f7f70-3d35-75b8-a219-bbe8a70f4d33","En «muchacho», las letras c y h forman el grupo __1__.","Las dos letras c y h juntas forman «ch» y representan un sonido.","El mismo grupo aparece al principio de «chocolate».",[499],{"id":500,"blankNumber":11,"options":501},"019f7f70-3d35-7584-a219-bbe8a62bfc38",[502,504,507],{"id":503,"optionText":456,"isCorrect":56,"displayOrder":17},"019f7f70-3d35-7528-a219-bbe8a38172ad",{"id":505,"optionText":506,"isCorrect":16,"displayOrder":11},"019f7f70-3d35-754c-a219-bbe8a46dec57","ll",{"id":508,"optionText":509,"isCorrect":16,"displayOrder":63},"019f7f70-3d35-7568-a219-bbe8a55a5aa9","rr",{"id":511,"sentenceTemplate":512,"displayOrder":218,"explanation":513,"exampleSentence":514,"blanks":515},"019f7f70-3d35-7684-a219-bbe8a9a6263d","La palabra «calle» contiene el grupo de dos letras __1__.","En «calle», las dos eles juntas forman el grupo ll.","«Silla» también contiene el grupo ll.",[516],{"id":517,"blankNumber":11,"options":518},"019f7f70-3d35-7654-a219-bbe8a917bb6b",[519,521,524],{"id":520,"optionText":509,"isCorrect":16,"displayOrder":17},"019f7f70-3d35-75f8-a219-bbe8a72ce603",{"id":522,"optionText":523,"isCorrect":16,"displayOrder":11},"019f7f70-3d35-7618-a219-bbe8a75efc52","qu",{"id":525,"optionText":506,"isCorrect":56,"displayOrder":63},"019f7f70-3d35-7634-a219-bbe8a852955f",{"id":527,"sentenceTemplate":528,"displayOrder":258,"explanation":529,"exampleSentence":530,"blanks":531},"019f7f70-3d35-7754-a219-bbe8ac18a62c","Entre las vocales de «carro» aparece el grupo __1__.","Dos erres entre vocales se escriben rr, como en «carro».","«Barrio» contiene rr entre a e i.",[532],{"id":533,"blankNumber":11,"options":534},"019f7f70-3d35-7720-a219-bbe8ab35437b",[535,538,540],{"id":536,"optionText":537,"isCorrect":16,"displayOrder":17},"019f7f70-3d35-76c8-a219-bbe8a9e6c273","r",{"id":539,"optionText":509,"isCorrect":56,"displayOrder":11},"019f7f70-3d35-76e8-a219-bbe8aa3b73d8",{"id":541,"optionText":506,"isCorrect":16,"displayOrder":63},"019f7f70-3d35-7704-a219-bbe8aab93218",{"id":543,"sentenceTemplate":544,"displayOrder":277,"explanation":545,"exampleSentence":546,"blanks":547},"019f7f70-3d35-7820-a219-bbe8afcc4ac7","En «guerra», el grupo gu mantiene el sonido suave de la g de __1__.","Gu delante de e o i permite conservar el sonido suave de la g de «gato».","El grupo gu de «guitarra» mantiene ese mismo sonido suave.",[548],{"id":549,"blankNumber":11,"options":550},"019f7f70-3d35-77ec-a219-bbe8af01b2b0",[551,553,556],{"id":552,"optionText":418,"isCorrect":56,"displayOrder":17},"019f7f70-3d35-7794-a219-bbe8acf00359",{"id":554,"optionText":555,"isCorrect":16,"displayOrder":11},"019f7f70-3d35-77b4-a219-bbe8add2570a","gente",{"id":557,"optionText":421,"isCorrect":16,"displayOrder":63},"019f7f70-3d35-77d0-a219-bbe8ae117dba",{"id":559,"sentenceTemplate":560,"displayOrder":296,"explanation":561,"exampleSentence":562,"blanks":563},"019f7f70-3d35-78f8-a219-bbe8b2e2250a","Para decidir cómo leer la c de una palabra, primero debemos mirar __1__.","El sonido principal de c cambia según la vocal que aparece después.","En «cuna» vemos una u después de c y aplicamos la regla de ca, co, cu.",[564],{"id":565,"blankNumber":11,"options":566},"019f7f70-3d35-78c4-a219-bbe8b21515e0",[567,570,572],{"id":568,"optionText":569,"isCorrect":16,"displayOrder":17},"019f7f70-3d35-7860-a219-bbe8b0b64b18","la última letra de la palabra",{"id":571,"optionText":106,"isCorrect":16,"displayOrder":11},"019f7f70-3d35-788c-a219-bbe8b19cb2ab",{"id":573,"optionText":574,"isCorrect":56,"displayOrder":63},"019f7f70-3d35-78a8-a219-bbe8b1b52637","la vocal que aparece después",{"id":576,"sentenceTemplate":577,"displayOrder":315,"explanation":578,"exampleSentence":579,"blanks":580},"019f7f70-3d35-79cc-a219-bbe8b4ec118a","Para aplicar la regla principal de la g, necesitamos observar __1__.","La vocal siguiente indica si la g tiene el sonido suave de «gato» o el fuerte de «j».","En «gemelo», la e después de g señala el sonido fuerte.",[581],{"id":582,"blankNumber":11,"options":583},"019f7f70-3d35-7998-a219-bbe8b4d79454",[584,587,590],{"id":585,"optionText":586,"isCorrect":16,"displayOrder":17},"019f7f70-3d35-793c-a219-bbe8b3976e91","si la palabra termina en plural",{"id":588,"optionText":589,"isCorrect":56,"displayOrder":11},"019f7f70-3d35-795c-a219-bbe8b41af972","si después viene a, o, u, e o i",{"id":591,"optionText":592,"isCorrect":16,"displayOrder":63},"019f7f70-3d35-797c-a219-bbe8b4488ac8","si la palabra tiene tilde",{"id":594,"sentenceTemplate":595,"displayOrder":334,"explanation":596,"exampleSentence":597,"blanks":598},"019f7f70-3d35-7a9c-a219-bbe8b69e5d9f","En el alfabeto actual, ch y ll son __1__.","Ch y ll son grupos de dos letras, no letras separadas del alfabeto actual.","Para ordenar «chico», se busca dentro de la letra c.",[599],{"id":600,"blankNumber":11,"options":601},"019f7f70-3d35-7a68-a219-bbe8b69b9c69",[602,605,608],{"id":603,"optionText":604,"isCorrect":16,"displayOrder":17},"019f7f70-3d35-7a0c-a219-bbe8b54304aa","dos vocales nuevas",{"id":606,"optionText":607,"isCorrect":16,"displayOrder":11},"019f7f70-3d35-7a30-a219-bbe8b62c3b94","letras separadas después de la z",{"id":609,"optionText":610,"isCorrect":56,"displayOrder":63},"019f7f70-3d35-7a4c-a219-bbe8b66e1560","grupos de dos letras",{"id":612,"sentenceTemplate":613,"displayOrder":353,"explanation":614,"exampleSentence":615,"blanks":616},"019f7f70-3d35-7b68-a219-bbe8b8bca73a","Aunque una vocal esté en una sílaba sin fuerza, en español normalmente conserva __1__.","Las cinco vocales mantienen un sonido claro y estable incluso cuando la sílaba no lleva la fuerza principal.","En «mapa», las dos aes se pronuncian de forma clara.",[617],{"id":618,"blankNumber":11,"options":619},"019f7f70-3d35-7b38-a219-bbe8b869a9b5",[620,623,626],{"id":621,"optionText":622,"isCorrect":56,"displayOrder":17},"019f7f70-3d35-7adc-a219-bbe8b6df3a0f","un sonido claro",{"id":624,"optionText":625,"isCorrect":16,"displayOrder":11},"019f7f70-3d35-7afc-a219-bbe8b6ef9a7b","silencio completo",{"id":627,"optionText":628,"isCorrect":16,"displayOrder":63},"019f7f70-3d35-7b1c-a219-bbe8b7a234d8","el sonido de otra vocal",{"id":14,"name":15,"slug":23,"language":9,"level":10,"introduction":630,"lessonCount":78,"totalExercises":18,"objectives":631,"prerequisites":635,"lessons":637},"Este itinerario organiza sonidos y letras del español en una progresión práctica. Empieza con «El alfabeto español y sus sonidos principales», avanza por «Pronunciación de b, v, c, z, g, j y h» y culmina con «Pronunciación de r, rr, ll, y y ñ», de modo que cada lección prepara la siguiente y enlaza con su práctica.",[632,633,634],"Comprender y aplicar el alfabeto español y sus sonidos principales.","Relacionar los contrastes centrales del recorrido, desde «El alfabeto español y sus sonidos principales» hasta «Pronunciación de r, rr, ll, y y ñ».","Practicar pronunciación de r, rr, ll, y y ñ con criterios de forma, significado y contexto.",[636],"Reconocer palabras frecuentes y el orden básico de una oración en español.",[638,644,657],{"id":4,"contentId":639,"slug":6,"title":5,"level":10,"summary":640,"order":11,"exercises":641},"pg_019f76ef-902b-79de-8229-417549271306","Explica el alfabeto español y sus sonidos principales mediante las 27 letras y las vocales. Abre la secuencia y fija la base para las lecciones siguientes.",[642,643],{"id":29,"title":31,"order":17,"type":33},{"id":37,"title":38,"order":11,"type":33},{"id":645,"contentId":646,"slug":647,"title":648,"level":10,"summary":649,"order":63,"exercises":650},"019f7f70-30cd-7a32-95b2-b7f6c1d184da","pg_019f76ef-8b48-76ea-93b9-1ca62f656031","pronunciacion-de-b-v-c-z-g-j-y-h","Pronunciación de b, v, c, z, g, j y h","Explica pronunciación de b, v, c, z, g, j y h mediante las letras b y v y los sonidos de c y z. Amplía la secuencia con un contraste o uso necesario antes de avanzar.",[651,654],{"id":652,"title":653,"order":17,"type":33},"019f7f70-5631-7cb4-9761-90fca20721d2","Letras y grupos al leer",{"id":655,"title":656,"order":11,"type":33},"019f7f70-564a-759c-89ce-9e5b8c908e65","Estrategias de lectura",{"id":658,"contentId":659,"slug":660,"title":661,"level":10,"summary":662,"order":78,"exercises":663},"019f7f70-30d1-73bb-8eaa-9025eccc6c70","pg_019f76ef-8f4a-7a1e-88cb-21635390daed","pronunciacion-de-r-rr-ll-y-y-n","Pronunciación de r, rr, ll, y y ñ","Explica pronunciación de r, rr, ll, y y ñ mediante la r suave y la r fuerte y la rr. Cierra el recorrido integrando y afinando lo aprendido.",[664,667],{"id":665,"title":666,"order":17,"type":33},"019f7f70-5662-7c0b-849a-ff094ac5948e","R suave, r fuerte y rr",{"id":668,"title":669,"order":11,"type":33},"019f7f70-567b-7afd-9d96-210be1f4b4b6","Ll, y, n y ñ en palabras escritas"]