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|\n\n:::example\n**窓（まど）が開いています。**\n\n今の窓の状態（じょうたい）を伝えています。\n\n**暑いので、私が窓を開けました。**\n\n私が行った動作を伝えています。\n:::\n\n## 二　よく使う対応\n\n生活でよく使う対を、短い文と一緒に確認（かくにん）します。\n\n| 自動詞とが | 他動詞とを |\n| --- | --- |\n| ドア**が閉（し）まります**。 | 私がドア**を閉めます**。 |\n| 電気**がつきます**。 | 私が電気**をつけます**。 |\n| 電気**が消（き）えます**。 | 私が電気**を消します**。 |\n| 会議（かいぎ）**が始（はじ）まります**。 | 先生が会議**を始めます**。 |\n| いす**が並（なら）びます**。 | 店員がいす**を並べます**。 |\n| 荷物（にもつ）**が箱に入ります**。 | 店員が荷物**を箱に入れます**。 |\n| 商品（しょうひん）**が箱から出ます**。 | 店員が商品**を箱から出します**。 |\n| コップ**が落ちます**。 | 子どもがコップ**を落とします**。 |\n| パソコン**が壊（こわ）れます**。 | 私がパソコン**を壊します**。 |\n\n:::tip\n単語だけでなく、「ドアが閉まる／ドアを閉める」のように、同じ名詞と助詞を付けて声に出すと区別しやすくなります。\n:::\n\n## 三　結果と動作を言い分ける\n\n誰がしたかより結果（けっか）が大切なら自動詞、行為者（こういしゃ）の動作が大切なら他動詞を使います。\n\n- 電気が消えました。――今、暗いという結果に注目します。\n- 田中（たなか）さんが電気を消しました。――田中さんの動作に注目します。\n- 会議が始まりました。――会議の変化を知らせます。\n- 部長（ぶちょう）が会議を始めました。――始めた人を伝えます。\n\n同じ場面で両方が使えることもありますが、文が答える質問が違います。「何が起きましたか」には自動詞、「誰が何をしましたか」には他動詞が合いやすいです。\n\n## 四　ていると状態\n\n変化を表す自動詞の「ている」は、変化した後の状態を表すことがあります。\n\n| 文 | 主な意味 |\n| --- 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