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待（ま）**つ**\n\n:::note\n辞書形は、辞書だけの形ではありません。くだけた会話（かいわ）や、ほかの文法（ぶんぽう）の前でも使います。このページでは、まず辞書で見つける形として覚（おぼ）えます。\n:::\n\n## 2. ます形とは\n\nます形は、文（ぶん）を丁寧に終える形です。初（はじ）めて会う人や、店（みせ）・学校（がっこう）などで安心（あんしん）して使えます。\n\n| 辞書形 | ます形 | 例（れい） |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| 食べる | 食べ**ます** | 毎朝（まいあさ）、パンを食べます。 |\n| 書く | 書き**ます** | 手紙（てがみ）を書きます。 |\n| 読む | 読み**ます** | 電車（でんしゃ）で本（ほん）を読みます。 |\n| する | し**ます** | 宿題（しゅくだい）をします。 |\n| 来（く）る | 来（き）**ます** | 友達（ともだち）が来ます。 |\n\n「ます」は動詞の一部として文末（ぶんまつ）に置きます。「です」をあとに足（た）しません。\n\n## 3. 二つの形を対応（たいおう）させる\n\n新（あたら）しい動詞を覚えるときは、辞書形とます形を一組（ひとくみ）にします。\n\n:::example\n**辞書で見る形：** 飲（の）む\n\n**話す形：** 飲みます\n\n**文：** 夕方（ゆうがた）にお茶（ちゃ）を飲みます。\n:::\n\n次（つぎ）のように声（こえ）に出すと、二つの形を結（むす）び付けやすいです。\n\n- 行（い）く・行きます\n- 聞（き）く・聞きます\n- 帰（かえ）る・帰ります\n\n## 4. 形を選ぶ場面（ばめん）\n\n同じ動作でも、使う場所や相手（あいて）によって形を選びます。\n\n| 場面 | 選（えら）ぶ形 | 例 |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| 辞書でことばを探す | 辞書形 | 「泳（およ）ぐ」を探します。 |\n| 授業（じゅぎょう）で形を答える | 指示（しじ）に合う形 | 辞書形は「買（か）う」です。 |\n| 丁寧な会話で文を言う | ます形 | 駅（えき）で新聞（しんぶん）を買います。 |\n\n:::tip\n会話で迷（まよ）ったときは、まず丁寧な **ます形** を選ぶとよいです。\n:::\n\n## 5. グループで変え方がちがう\n\n辞書形からます形への変（か）え方は、動詞のグループでちがいます。\n\n- 書く → 書きます\n- 食べる → 食べます\n- する → します\n- 来る → 来ます\n\n:::warning\n「る」で終わる動詞の「る」を全部取（と）ればよい、とは限（かぎ）りません。\n\n**食べる → 食べます** ですが、**帰る → 帰ります** です。グループの見分け方は次のページで学びます。\n:::\n\n## 6. 二つの形のまとめ\n\n| 確認（かくにん）すること | 辞書形 | ます形 |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| 主な役割（やくわり） | 辞書で探す形 | 丁寧に文を終える形 |\n| 形の終わり | う段（だん）の音（おと） | **ます** |\n| 例 | 見る | 見ます |\n\n動詞を覚えるときは、**辞書形・ます形** 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