[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"grammar-page-ja-doushi-no-mittsu-no-guruupu":3,"grammar-exercises-by-page-01a09a7b-e939-7bad-bea2-712401a3bd17":286,"exercise-list-path-ja-none":309},{"id":4,"title":5,"slug":6,"seoDescription":7,"content":8,"language":9,"level":10,"displayOrder":11,"grammarTopics":12,"createdAt":19,"updatedAt":20,"vocabularyLists":21,"primaryTopicHub":283,"readyImages":285},"01a09a7b-e939-7bad-bea2-712401a3bd17","動詞の三つのグループ","doushi-no-mittsu-no-guruupu","日本語の動詞を一・二・三の三つのグループに分ける方法を学びます。辞書形の終わり方、ます形への変え方、する・来るの特別な形を表で確認します。「る」で終わる動詞を全部二グループにせず、帰る・入る・走るなどの例外も覚え、初めて見る動詞のグループを順序よく確実に判断できるようになります。","日本語（にほんご）の動詞（どうし）は、形（かたち）の変（か）わり方によって三つのグループに分（わ）かれます。グループが分かると、辞書形（じしょけい）からます形（けい）を作りやすくなります。\n\nここでは、**一（いち）グループ・二（に）グループ・三（さん）グループ** の見分け方を学びます。\n\n## 1. 三つのグループの全体（ぜんたい）\n\nまず、よく使う動詞を三つに分けて見ましょう。\n\n| グループ | 辞書形の例（れい） | ます形の例 |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| 一グループ | 書（か）く、話（はな）す、飲（の）む | 書きます、話します、飲みます |\n| 二グループ | 食（た）べる、見（み）る、起（お）きる | 食べます、見ます、起きます |\n| 三グループ | する、来（く）る | します、来（き）ます |\n\n:::tip\n最初（さいしょ）に三グループ、次（つぎ）に「る」で終（お）わる動詞、最後（さいご）にそれ以外（いがい）を見ると、判断（はんだん）しやすいです。\n:::\n\n## 2. 一グループ\n\n**する・来る以外では**、「る」以外で終わる動詞は一グループです。「る」で終わる動詞でも、「る」の前が「あ・う・お」の音なら一グループです。ます形では、最後の音（おと）が「い段（だん）」の音に変わり、**ます** が付きます。\n\n| 辞書形 | 変わる部分（ぶぶん） | ます形 |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| 買（か）う | う → い | 買います |\n| 泳（およ）ぐ | ぐ → ぎ | 泳ぎます |\n| 待（ま）つ | つ → ち | 待ちます |\n| 遊（あそ）ぶ | ぶ → び | 遊びます |\n| 帰（かえ）る | る → り | 帰ります |\n\n「る」で終わる一グループもあることを忘（わす）れないでください。\n\n## 3. 二グループ\n\n二グループの辞書形は、必ず **いる・える** の音で終わります。ます形は、最後の「る」を取（と）って **ます** を付けます。ただし、**いる・える** で終わる動詞の中には一グループもあります。\n\n- 食べる → 食べます\n- 見る → 見ます\n- 起きる → 起きます\n- 開（あ）ける → 開けます\n\n見る・寝（ね）る・出（で）る・着（き）るのように短い動詞も、二グループです。短くても「る」を取って、見ます・寝ます・出ます・着ますとなります。\n\n:::example\n**辞書形：** 朝（あさ）六時（ろくじ）に起きる\n\n**ます形：** 朝六時に起きます\n:::\n\n## 4. 「いる・える」の例外（れいがい）\n\n「いる・える」で終われば、いつも二グループになるわけではありません。次の動詞は一グループです。\n\n| 辞書形 | ます形 |\n| --- | --- |\n| 入（はい）る | 入ります |\n| 走（はし）る | 走ります |\n| 知（し）る | 知ります |\n| 切（き）る | 切ります |\n| 要（い）る | 要ります |\n\n:::warning\n「る」を見ただけでグループを決（き）めないでください。**帰る・入る・走る** などは、ことばごとにグループもいっしょに覚（おぼ）えます。\n:::\n\n## 5. 三グループ\n\n三グループは、**する** と **来る** の二つです。形が特別（とくべつ）なので、そのまま覚えます。\n\n- する → します\n- 勉強（べんきょう）する → 勉強します\n- 電話（でんわ）する → 電話します\n- 来る → 来ます\n\n「名詞＋する」の動詞も、するの仲間（なかま）です。\n\n## 6. 見分ける順番（じゅんばん）\n\n1. **する・来る** なら三グループです。\n2. 「る」以外で終わるなら一グループです。\n3. 「る」で終わり、「る」の前が「あ・う・お」の音なら一グループです。\n4. 「る」の前が「い・え」の音なら、二グループを考（かんが）えます。ただし、帰る・入る・走るなどの例外か確認（かくにん）します。\n\n| 見る所（ところ） | 判断 |\n| --- | --- |\n| する・来る | 三グループ |\n| 「る」以外の終わり | 一グループ |\n| 「る」の前が「あ・う・お」の音（来るを除く） | 一グループ |\n| 「いる・える」の終わり | 二グループ。ただし、例外を確認 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