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n",235,{"id":1188,"title":1189,"slug":1190,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1191},"01a09a7b-ebb7-7992-8713-aa129d1a1e39","にせよ・にしろと複数の仮定","ni-seyo-ni-shiro-to-fukusuu-no-katei",236,{"id":1193,"title":1194,"slug":1195,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1196},"01a09a7b-ed56-70ab-b13a-5aa70401279e","とあってと特別な事情","to-atte-to-tokubetsu-na-jijou",237,{"id":1198,"title":1199,"slug":1200,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1201},"01a09a7b-ed4f-7f72-a3c0-702a69d8efb0","とあればと特別な前提","to-areba-to-tokubetsu-na-zentei",238,{"id":1203,"title":1204,"slug":1205,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1206},"01a09a7b-eb54-7172-83b8-212e0660b39b","なくしてと不可欠な条件","naku-shite-to-fukaketsu-na-jouken",239,{"id":1208,"title":1209,"slug":1210,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1211},"01a09a7b-ec33-76d7-820c-b54371c3b0aa","をもってと期限・手段の宣言","o-motte-to-kigen-shudan-no-sengen",240,{"id":1213,"title":1214,"slug":1215,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1216},"01a09a7b-ec27-7f99-bac3-4733b30f267a","を禁じ得ないと抑えられない感情","o-kinji-enai-to-osaerarenai-kanjou",241,{"id":1218,"title":1219,"slug":1220,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1221},"01a09a7b-ebc2-7a26-a6a8-811ef87212d3","に堪えないと感情の極み","ni-taenai-to-kanjou-no-kiwami",242,{"id":1223,"title":1224,"slug":1225,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1226},"01a09a7b-ea80-7f49-a05f-ee4b16fd6ff0","極まりない・極まると極端な評価","kiwamarinai-kiwamaru-to-kyokutan-na-hyouka",243,{"id":1228,"title":1229,"slug":1230,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1231},"01a09a7b-e8ef-7e0f-87a6-e0b7637d3dba","文中の時制と視点の移動","bunchuu-no-jisei-to-shiten-no-idou",244,{"id":1233,"title":1234,"slug":1235,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1236},"01a09a7b-e9a1-7bd2-a6d1-a5a5d3080392","法令・論文・報道における文体の選択","hourei-ronbun-houdou-ni-okeru-buntai-no-sentaku",245,{"id":344,"title":345,"slug":346,"seoDescription":1238,"content":1239,"language":9,"level":211,"displayOrder":347,"grammarTopics":1240,"createdAt":1246,"updatedAt":1247,"vocabularyLists":1248,"primaryTopicHub":1350,"readyImages":1352},"ほしいを使い、自分が手に入れたい物や必要なものを表し、相手の希望を丁寧に尋ねる方法を学びます。名詞をがで示す基本形、はが作る話題と焦点、ほしくない・ほしかったへの変化、第三者の希望を断定しない視点、動作への希望を表すたいとの違いを具体例で確認し、場面に合う自然で適切な文を作れます。","手に入れたい物や、自分に必要（ひつよう）だと思うものを表すときは、**ほしいです**を使います。希望（きぼう）の対象（たいしょう）になる名詞（めいし）は、助詞（じょし）の**が**で示すのが基本です。\n\n「ほしい」はい形容詞（けいようし）のように変化します。自分の希望を述べる形なので、誰の気持ちを表しているかにも注意します。\n\n## 一　ほしい物を伝える\n\n基本（きほん）の形は「話題＋希望する物＋がほしいです」です。「私は」は、会話で分かるときには省略（しょうりゃく）できます。\n\n| 話題 | 希望する物 | 文 |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| 私は | 新しいかばん | 私は新しいかばん**がほしいです**。 |\n| 私は | 温かい飲み物 | 温かい飲み物**がほしいです**。 |\n| 私は | もう少し時間 | もう少し時間**がほしいです**。 |\n\n:::example\n**誕生日（たんじょうび）に何がほしいですか。**\n\n料理（りょうり）の本がほしいです。\n:::\n\n## 二　はとがの役割\n\n「私は」の**は**は、誰について話すかを示します。「本が」の**が**は、何を希望しているかを示します。\n\n| 助詞 | 役割（やくわり） | 例 |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| は | 希望する人を話題にする | **私は**自転車がほしいです。 |\n| が | 希望する物を示す | 私は**自転車が**ほしいです。 |\n\n:::tip\n「私は」と「自転車が」を一緒に覚えると、二つの助詞を整理しやすくなります。希望の対象は「を」ではなく**が**で示します。✗自転車**を**ほしいです。\n:::\n\n## 三　形を変える\n\n「ほしい」はい形容詞と同じように、否定（ひてい）や過去（かこ）の形を作ります。\n\n| 使い方 | 肯定・否定 | 形 | 例 |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| 今 | 肯定 | ほしいです | 地図（ちず）がほしいです。 |\n| 今 | 否定 | ほしくないです／ほしくありません | 大きい箱（はこ）**は**ほしくないです。 |\n| 過去 | 肯定 | ほしかったです | 子どものとき、犬がほしかったです。 |\n| 過去 | 否定 | ほしくなかったです／ほしくありませんでした | その色**は**ほしくなかったです。 |\n| 名詞の前 | 肯定 | ほしい＋名詞 | ほしい物をリストに書きます。 |\n| 文をつなぐ | て形 | ほしくて | 時間がほしくて、先生に相談しました。 |\n\n「ほしいでした」「ほしいではありません」とは言いません。\n\n:::note\n否定（ひてい）の文では、希望する物を**は**で示すのが自然です。「大きい箱**は**ほしくないです」「その色**は**ほしくなかったです」のように言います。「が」でも意味は通じますが、否定や比べる文では「は」のほうがよく使われます。\n:::\n\n## 四　質問するときの丁寧さ\n\n相手の希望は、「何がほしいですか」と質問できます。店や家庭（かてい）など、選ぶことが自然な場面で使います。\n\n- 飲み物は何がほしいですか。\n- 赤いペンと青いペンと、どちらがほしいですか。\n- 誕生日に何がほしいですか。\n\n:::note\n目上（めうえ）の人や客に「何がほしいですか」と聞くと、直接的に聞こえることがあります。店では「どちらになさいますか」、改まった場面では「何をご希望ですか」などが自然です。\n:::\n\n## 五　誰の希望かに注意する\n\n「ほしいです」で直接言うのは、普通は話し手自身の希望です。相手には質問として使えます。\n\n:::example\n- 私は静かな部屋がほしいです。\n- 佐藤（さとう）さんはどの資料がほしいですか。\n:::\n\n第三者（だいさんしゃ）の心の中を、根拠（こんきょ）なく「佐藤さんは新しい車がほしいです」と言い切るのは避けます。本人（ほんにん）の言葉なら「佐藤さんは新しい車がほしいと言っています」、様子なら「佐藤さんは新しい車をほしがっています」と表せます。\n\n根拠によって、使う形が違います。\n\n| 根拠 | 形 | 例 |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| 見た様子 | 名詞＋**をほしがっています** | 佐藤さんは新しい車を**ほしがっています**。 |\n| 様子からの推量（すいりょう） | 名詞＋**がほしそうです** | 佐藤さんは新しい車が**ほしそうです**。 |\n| 本人の言葉 | 「ほしい」＋**と言っています** | 佐藤さんは新しい車がほしい**と言っています**。 |\n\n「ほしがる」は外から見た様子、「と言っている」は本人の言葉そのまま、という違いです。どちらも、心の中を直接言い切る「佐藤さんは新しい車がほしいです」より、根拠がはっきりしていて自然です。\n\n:::warning\n「ほしがっています」では、希望する物を普通**を**で示します。「私は車がほしいです」と「佐藤さんは車をほしがっています」の助詞の違いに注意しましょう。\n:::\n\n## 六　たい・〜てほしいとの違い\n\n**ほしい**は物や名詞で表す対象、**たい**は自分がしたい行動を表します。\n\n| 希望するもの | 形 | 例 |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| 物 | 名詞＋**がほしい** | 新しい靴がほしいです。 |\n| 行動 | 動詞のます形＋**たい** | 新しい靴を買いたいです。 |\n\n「新しい靴を買いたいです」のように、**たい**の前の物は**を**でも**が**でも示せます。「新しい靴を買いたいです」「新しい靴が買いたいです」はどちらも正しく、意味もほとんど同じです。教科書（きょうかしょ）によって、**を**を基本とする説明と**が**を基本とする説明があるので、両方覚えておきましょう。買いたい物を特に強調（きょうちょう）したいときは「が」がよく使われます。\n\n自分がする行動は動詞のます形＋**たい**で表します。人に何かをしてほしいときは、動詞のて形＋**ほしい**を使います。\n\nこのとき、動作をする人は**に**で示します。**私は＋人に＋動詞のて形＋ほしいです**の形です。\n\n| 希望 | 形 | 例 |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| 自分がする行動 | 動詞のます形＋**たい** | 私は日本へ行きたいです。 |\n| 人にしてほしいこと | 動詞のて形＋**ほしい** | 先生にゆっくり話してほしいです。 |\n\n:::note\n目上の人に「〜てほしいです」を直接言うと、要求のように聞こえることがあります。丁寧にお願いしたいときは、「〜ていただけますか」を使うことができます。\n:::\n\n## 七　望ましい\n\n**望ましい（のぞましい）**は、「そうだとよい」という意味の、少し硬い言葉です。A2では、自分で言うより、**学校のお知らせや説明文で見かける言葉**として覚えておけば十分です。自分の希望を言う**ほしい**とは使い方が違います。\n\n| 言葉 | 使う場面 | 例 |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| ほしいです | 会話で自分の希望を言う | 私は新しい靴が**ほしいです**。 |\n| ことが望ましいです | お知らせや説明文で「したほうがよい」と言う | 健康（けんこう）のためには、野菜（やさい）を食べることが**望ましいです**。 |\n\nお知らせでは「動詞の辞書形＋ことが望ましいです」の形をよく見ます。見かけたときに意味が分かれば十分で、会話で同じことを言うときは「〜たほうがいいです」を使います。\n\n## まとめ\n\nここでは、**ほしい**を使うときの大切な形と使い方をまとめます。\n\n- 希望する物は、基本的に**が**で示します。\n- 否定は「ほしくないです」、過去は「ほしかったです」です。\n- 自分の希望は述べられますが、第三者の希望には言葉や様子という根拠が必要です。\n- 行動を言いたいときは、動詞のます形＋**たい**を使います。「を」も「が」も使えます。\n- 人に何かをしてほしいときは、動詞のて形＋**ほしい**を使い、動作をする人は**に**で示します。\n- **望ましい**は、お知らせや説明文で見かける硬い言葉です。会話では「〜たほうがいいです」を使います。",[1241],{"id":1242,"name":1243,"level":211,"language":9,"isCompleted":1244,"completionPercentage":1245,"totalExercises":46,"completedExercises":1245},"01a09c0e-9756-7889-93e4-8fb7867e0204","希望・意志・予定",false,0,"2026-09-13T11:16:47+00:00","2026-10-11T12:53:35+00:00",[1249],{"id":1250,"title":1251,"vocabularyListWords":1252,"isPublished":1263},"01a09a7c-76af-708e-90b0-e457e89593bf","ほしいと望ましいものの語彙",[1253,1265,1276,1286,1296,1307,1318,1329,1339],{"id":1254,"vocabularyWord":1255,"displayOrder":11},"01a09a7c-76af-70fe-90b0-e457e94b09e0",{"id":1256,"word":1257,"frequency":41,"level":211,"language":9,"audioFilePath":1258,"partsOfSpeech":1259,"audio":1263,"audioUrl":1264},"01a09a7c-2b2e-7ce0-a32e-aefb7afc9000","ほしい","tts_5d4ec1bec50b79b1_ja-JP.mp3",[1260],{"id":1261,"partOfSpeech":1262,"isPrimary":1263,"meaningOrder":11},"01a09a7c-2b4f-7911-acce-c186dde8020f","ADJECTIVE",true,"\u002Fuploads\u002Faudio\u002Ftts_5d4ec1bec50b79b1_ja-JP.mp3",{"id":1266,"vocabularyWord":1267,"displayOrder":16},"01a09a7c-76af-714a-90b0-e457e99b8859",{"id":1268,"word":1269,"frequency":56,"level":10,"language":9,"audioFilePath":1270,"partsOfSpeech":1271,"audio":1263,"audioUrl":1275},"01a09a7c-298e-71ce-a3c1-3dabdf68fe3e","が","tts_f51c16a3b5778191_ja-JP.mp3",[1272],{"id":1273,"partOfSpeech":1274,"isPrimary":1263,"meaningOrder":11},"01a09a7c-29a0-768d-848e-f257b7eec9be","PARTICLE","\u002Fuploads\u002Faudio\u002Ftts_f51c16a3b5778191_ja-JP.mp3",{"id":1277,"vocabularyWord":1278,"displayOrder":21},"01a09a7c-76af-718e-90b0-e457ea6cde33",{"id":1279,"word":1280,"frequency":56,"level":10,"language":9,"audioFilePath":1281,"partsOfSpeech":1282,"audio":1263,"audioUrl":1285},"01a09a7c-2984-7ca1-9d0c-b4efba7dba43","は","tts_39ed27c3fc927f2e_ja-JP.mp3",[1283],{"id":1284,"partOfSpeech":1274,"isPrimary":1263,"meaningOrder":11},"01a09a7c-299f-77c4-bfba-c0c8b459dbda","\u002Fuploads\u002Faudio\u002Ftts_39ed27c3fc927f2e_ja-JP.mp3",{"id":1287,"vocabularyWord":1288,"displayOrder":26},"01a09a7c-76af-71ce-90b0-e457eabf7759",{"id":1289,"word":1290,"frequency":56,"level":10,"language":9,"audioFilePath":1291,"partsOfSpeech":1292,"audio":1263,"audioUrl":1295},"01a09a7c-28ef-774a-870d-537d1da77850","を","tts_61ccd870b26a4ba1_ja-JP.mp3",[1293],{"id":1294,"partOfSpeech":1274,"isPrimary":1263,"meaningOrder":11},"01a09a7c-2914-7541-8b31-be3643c9b551","\u002Fuploads\u002Faudio\u002Ftts_61ccd870b26a4ba1_ja-JP.mp3",{"id":1297,"vocabularyWord":1298,"displayOrder":31},"01a09a7c-76af-720e-90b0-e457eb301654",{"id":1299,"word":1300,"frequency":31,"level":211,"language":9,"audioFilePath":1301,"partsOfSpeech":1302,"audio":1263,"audioUrl":1306},"01a09a7c-2c3f-7e68-93be-fe53a4441429","ほしがる","tts_198ce6bc657ab4ef_ja-JP.mp3",[1303],{"id":1304,"partOfSpeech":1305,"isPrimary":1263,"meaningOrder":11},"01a09a7c-2c7d-74ad-b5ac-b72c4008491e","VERB","\u002Fuploads\u002Faudio\u002Ftts_198ce6bc657ab4ef_ja-JP.mp3",{"id":1308,"vocabularyWord":1309,"displayOrder":36},"01a09a7c-76af-724a-90b0-e457ebf67366",{"id":1310,"word":1311,"frequency":56,"level":211,"language":9,"audioFilePath":1312,"partsOfSpeech":1313,"audio":1263,"audioUrl":1317},"01a09a7c-28d8-7f0a-a32e-6aa9ce349a0a","たい","tts_53eb089c2ed056b2_ja-JP.mp3",[1314],{"id":1315,"partOfSpeech":1316,"isPrimary":1263,"meaningOrder":11},"01a09a7c-2911-7f5a-99bb-f6adefd792ea","AUXILIARY_VERB","\u002Fuploads\u002Faudio\u002Ftts_53eb089c2ed056b2_ja-JP.mp3",{"id":1319,"vocabularyWord":1320,"displayOrder":41},"01a09a7c-76af-728a-90b0-e457ec4b9399",{"id":1321,"word":1322,"frequency":41,"level":452,"language":9,"audioFilePath":1323,"partsOfSpeech":1324,"audio":1263,"audioUrl":1328},"01a09a7c-2a9f-78f4-bee8-e50fbec27288","てほしい","tts_384fec6fe9639a3e_ja-JP.mp3",[1325],{"id":1326,"partOfSpeech":1327,"isPrimary":1263,"meaningOrder":11},"01a09a7c-2ab5-79ba-ad1c-a9fffcfaf20e","PHRASE","\u002Fuploads\u002Faudio\u002Ftts_384fec6fe9639a3e_ja-JP.mp3",{"id":1330,"vocabularyWord":1331,"displayOrder":46},"01a09a7c-76af-72c6-90b0-e457ec69ca91",{"id":1332,"word":1333,"frequency":36,"level":452,"language":9,"audioFilePath":1334,"partsOfSpeech":1335,"audio":1263,"audioUrl":1338},"01a09a7c-2bb7-7a51-8c26-1863815408d6","望ましい","tts_b3f56a13128b64f3_ja-JP.mp3",[1336],{"id":1337,"partOfSpeech":1262,"isPrimary":1263,"meaningOrder":11},"01a09a7c-2be9-73c5-858e-54a087e2f440","\u002Fuploads\u002Faudio\u002Ftts_b3f56a13128b64f3_ja-JP.mp3",{"id":1340,"vocabularyWord":1341,"displayOrder":51},"01a09a7c-76af-731a-90b0-e457ed3027a0",{"id":1342,"word":1343,"frequency":46,"level":211,"language":9,"audioFilePath":1344,"partsOfSpeech":1345,"audio":1263,"audioUrl":1349},"01a09a7c-2a93-7608-8850-6cd67e2f16e2","希望","tts_48784dfcefce43fe_ja-JP.mp3",[1346],{"id":1347,"partOfSpeech":1348,"isPrimary":1263,"meaningOrder":11},"01a09a7c-2ab4-7785-b8cd-6b06dd06a96f","NOUN","\u002Fuploads\u002Faudio\u002Ftts_48784dfcefce43fe_ja-JP.mp3",{"name":1243,"slug":1351,"language":9},"tai-kei-to-kibou-a2",[],{"id":1242,"name":1243,"slug":1351,"language":9,"level":211,"introduction":1354,"lessonCount":21,"totalExercises":46,"objectives":1355,"prerequisites":1359,"lessons":1361},"この学習パスでは「タイ形と希望」から「つもりと予定」へ進み、希望・意志・予定を段階的に学びます。各課の形・意味・使い分けを結び付け、実際の文脈で選べる力を養います。",[1356,1357,1358],"「タイ形と希望」の形と働きを理解し、文脈に合わせて使える。","「ほしいと望ましいもの」の形と働きを理解し、文脈に合わせて使える。","「つもりと予定」の形と働きを理解し、文脈に合わせて使える。",[1360],"A1の基本文型と、動詞・形容詞の基礎的な活用が分かる。",[1362,1377,1387],{"id":339,"contentId":1363,"slug":341,"title":340,"level":211,"summary":1364,"order":11,"exercises":1365},"pg_866c66bb-fd01-4764-85e1-039ca37dec33","自分がしたい行動を伝えるときは、動詞のタイ形を使います。「食べたいです」「行きたいです」のように、動詞を変化させて希望を表します。",[1366,1370,1373],{"id":1367,"title":1368,"order":1245,"type":1369},"01a09a7c-178b-7575-a57a-03274b1c61be","タイ形を作る","word_select",{"id":1371,"title":1372,"order":11,"type":1369},"01a09a7c-179f-7946-9c8a-0c620010e6ed","誰の希望かを確かめる",{"id":1374,"title":1375,"order":16,"type":1376},"01a09a7c-17b2-70a9-84dd-297bb8c089c1","タイ形の意味と形を分ける","word_sort",{"id":344,"contentId":1378,"slug":346,"title":345,"level":211,"summary":1379,"order":16,"exercises":1380},"pg_e5ca3c59-4520-40e5-80d9-ffa4ac52c7a8","手に入れたい物や、自分に必要だと思うものを表すときは、ほしいですを使います。希望の対象になる名詞は、助詞のがで示すのが基本です。",[1381,1384],{"id":1382,"title":1383,"order":1245,"type":1369},"01a09a7b-f756-7062-9993-bed0e8ccc383","「ほしい」の対象と形",{"id":1385,"title":1386,"order":11,"type":1369},"01a09a7b-f76e-7600-843f-0d6f016160fc","誰の希望かを分ける",{"id":349,"contentId":1388,"slug":351,"title":350,"level":211,"summary":1389,"order":21,"exercises":1390},"pg_90f0e35f-57b2-4fea-926f-2e437951e8e1","これからすることを話すとき、つもりですは自分で決めた意志を、予定ですは具体的に決まった計画や日程を表します。 どちらも未来のことに使えますが、何が中心なのかが違います。",[1391,1394,1397],{"id":1392,"title":1393,"order":1245,"type":1369},"01a09a7c-208d-7abd-892c-63fca36d56f4","意志と計画の形",{"id":1395,"title":1396,"order":11,"type":1369},"01a09a7c-20a0-7aaf-ac03-c7c94bbf43c1","場面で「つもり」と「予定」を選ぶ",{"id":1398,"title":1399,"order":16,"type":1400},"01a09a7c-20b3-763a-89ab-33a683835ae1","意志と予定の文を組み立てよう","sentence_builder",[1402,1408],{"@id":1403,"@type":1404,"id":1382,"grammarPage":1405,"title":1383,"instructions":1406,"displayOrder":1245,"type":1369,"questionCount":71,"blankCount":71,"isCompleted":1244,"ogImageUrl":1407},"\u002Fapi\u002Fgrammar_exercises\u002F01a09a7b-f756-7062-9993-bed0e8ccc383","GrammarExercise","\u002Fapi\u002Fgrammar_pages\u002F01a09a7b-e99c-7123-85dd-903aa787bede","希望する物と時間に合わせて、自然な形を選んでください。","\u002Fuploads\u002Fimages\u002Fgpimg_39cd4be5-8475-4dec-a903-3c49c4b6b8c6_hero.webp?v=1789298210",{"@id":1409,"@type":1404,"id":1385,"grammarPage":1405,"title":1386,"instructions":1410,"displayOrder":11,"type":1369,"questionCount":66,"blankCount":66,"isCompleted":1244,"ogImageUrl":1411},"\u002Fapi\u002Fgrammar_exercises\u002F01a09a7b-f76e-7600-843f-0d6f016160fc","話す人と場面を確かめて、希望の伝え方を選んでください。","\u002Fuploads\u002Fimages\u002Fgpimg_4cec2759-b859-4aea-8d86-fab6528102b1_hero.webp?v=1789298210",{"id":1382,"grammarPage":1405,"title":1383,"instructions":1406,"seoTitle":1413,"seoDescription":1414,"displayOrder":1245,"type":1369,"questions":1415,"ogImageUrl":1407},"「ほしい」で欲しい物を伝える形","手元にない物を手に入れたい気持ちを表す「ほしい」を、対象を示す助詞「が」とあわせて練習します。自然な文や形を選んで空欄を埋める穴埋め形式です。留学前に新しい辞書がほしい場面や、通学に使う自転車がほしい気持ちを伝える文などで、「私は〜がほしいです」の基本の形と否定の使い方を確かめます。",[1416],{"id":1417,"sentenceTemplate":1418,"displayOrder":1245,"explanation":1419,"exampleSentence":1420,"blanks":1421},"01a09a7b-f756-738e-9993-bed0ecdbee72","留学前で、手元にない新しい辞書を手に入れたいです。自然な文は __1__。","手に入れたい物は「名詞＋がほしいです」で表します。","例：旅行用のかばんがほしいです。",[1422],{"id":1423,"blankNumber":11,"options":1424},"01a09a7b-f756-72f6-9993-bed0ec061cef",[1425,1428,1431],{"id":1426,"optionText":1427,"isCorrect":1263,"displayOrder":1245},"01a09a7b-f756-7202-9993-bed0e996a0b3","私は新しい辞書がほしいです",{"id":1429,"optionText":1430,"isCorrect":1244,"displayOrder":11},"01a09a7b-f756-725a-9993-bed0ea261688","私は新しい辞書をほしいです",{"id":1432,"optionText":1433,"isCorrect":1244,"displayOrder":16},"01a09a7b-f756-72b2-9993-bed0eb18c23d","私は新しい辞書にほしいです",{"html":1435,"toc":1436},"\u003Cp>手に入れたい物や、自分に必要（ひつよう）だと思うものを表すときは、\u003Cstrong>ほしいです\u003C\u002Fstrong>を使います。希望（きぼう）の対象（たいしょう）になる名詞（めいし）は、助詞（じょし）の\u003Cstrong>が\u003C\u002Fstrong>で示すのが基本です。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>「ほしい」はい形容詞（けいようし）のように変化します。自分の希望を述べる形なので、誰の気持ちを表しているかにも注意します。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"section\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">1.\u003C\u002Fspan>一　ほしい物を伝える\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>基本（きほん）の形は「話題＋希望する物＋がほしいです」です。「私は」は、会話で分かるときには省略（しょうりゃく）できます。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ctable>\n\u003Cthead>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Cth>話題\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>希望する物\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>文\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Fthead>\n\u003Ctbody>\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>私は\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>新しいかばん\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>私は新しいかばん\u003Cstrong>がほしいです\u003C\u002Fstrong>。\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>私は\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>温かい飲み物\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>温かい飲み物\u003Cstrong>がほしいです\u003C\u002Fstrong>。\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>私は\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>もう少し時間\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>もう少し時間\u003Cstrong>がほしいです\u003C\u002Fstrong>。\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"grammar-callout grammar-callout--example\">\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>誕生日（たんじょうび）に何がほしいですか。\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>料理（りょうり）の本がほしいです。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"section-2\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">2.\u003C\u002Fspan>二　はとがの役割\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>「私は」の\u003Cstrong>は\u003C\u002Fstrong>は、誰について話すかを示します。「本が」の\u003Cstrong>が\u003C\u002Fstrong>は、何を希望しているかを示します。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ctable>\n\u003Cthead>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Cth>助詞\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>役割（やくわり）\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>例\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Fthead>\n\u003Ctbody>\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>は\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>希望する人を話題にする\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong>私は\u003C\u002Fstrong>自転車がほしいです。\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>が\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>希望する物を示す\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>私は\u003Cstrong>自転車が\u003C\u002Fstrong>ほしいです。\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"grammar-callout grammar-callout--tip\">\u003Cp>「私は」と「自転車が」を一緒に覚えると、二つの助詞を整理しやすくなります。希望の対象は「を」ではなく\u003Cstrong>が\u003C\u002Fstrong>で示します。✗自転車\u003Cstrong>を\u003C\u002Fstrong>ほしいです。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"section-3\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">3.\u003C\u002Fspan>三　形を変える\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>「ほしい」はい形容詞と同じように、否定（ひてい）や過去（かこ）の形を作ります。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ctable>\n\u003Cthead>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Cth>使い方\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>肯定・否定\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>形\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>例\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Fthead>\n\u003Ctbody>\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>今\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>肯定\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>ほしいです\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>地図（ちず）がほしいです。\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>今\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>否定\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>ほしくないです／ほしくありません\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>大きい箱（はこ）\u003Cstrong>は\u003C\u002Fstrong>ほしくないです。\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>過去\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>肯定\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>ほしかったです\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>子どものとき、犬がほしかったです。\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>過去\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>否定\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>ほしくなかったです／ほしくありませんでした\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>その色\u003Cstrong>は\u003C\u002Fstrong>ほしくなかったです。\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>名詞の前\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>肯定\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>ほしい＋名詞\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>ほしい物をリストに書きます。\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>文をつなぐ\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>て形\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>ほしくて\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>時間がほしくて、先生に相談しました。\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003Cp>「ほしいでした」「ほしいではありません」とは言いません。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"grammar-callout grammar-callout--note\">\u003Cp>否定（ひてい）の文では、希望する物を\u003Cstrong>は\u003C\u002Fstrong>で示すのが自然です。「大きい箱\u003Cstrong>は\u003C\u002Fstrong>ほしくないです」「その色\u003Cstrong>は\u003C\u002Fstrong>ほしくなかったです」のように言います。「が」でも意味は通じますが、否定や比べる文では「は」のほうがよく使われます。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"section-4\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">4.\u003C\u002Fspan>四　質問するときの丁寧さ\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>相手の希望は、「何がほしいですか」と質問できます。店や家庭（かてい）など、選ぶことが自然な場面で使います。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>飲み物は何がほしいですか。\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>赤いペンと青いペンと、どちらがほしいですか。\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>誕生日に何がほしいですか。\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"grammar-callout grammar-callout--note\">\u003Cp>目上（めうえ）の人や客に「何がほしいですか」と聞くと、直接的に聞こえることがあります。店では「どちらになさいますか」、改まった場面では「何をご希望ですか」などが自然です。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"section-5\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">5.\u003C\u002Fspan>五　誰の希望かに注意する\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>「ほしいです」で直接言うのは、普通は話し手自身の希望です。相手には質問として使えます。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"grammar-callout grammar-callout--example\">\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>私は静かな部屋がほしいです。\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>佐藤（さとう）さんはどの資料がほしいですか。\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Cp>第三者（だいさんしゃ）の心の中を、根拠（こんきょ）なく「佐藤さんは新しい車がほしいです」と言い切るのは避けます。本人（ほんにん）の言葉なら「佐藤さんは新しい車がほしいと言っています」、様子なら「佐藤さんは新しい車をほしがっています」と表せます。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>根拠によって、使う形が違います。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ctable>\n\u003Cthead>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Cth>根拠\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>形\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>例\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Fthead>\n\u003Ctbody>\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>見た様子\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>名詞＋\u003Cstrong>をほしがっています\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>佐藤さんは新しい車を\u003Cstrong>ほしがっています\u003C\u002Fstrong>。\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>様子からの推量（すいりょう）\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>名詞＋\u003Cstrong>がほしそうです\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>佐藤さんは新しい車が\u003Cstrong>ほしそうです\u003C\u002Fstrong>。\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>本人の言葉\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>「ほしい」＋\u003Cstrong>と言っています\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>佐藤さんは新しい車がほしい\u003Cstrong>と言っています\u003C\u002Fstrong>。\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003Cp>「ほしがる」は外から見た様子、「と言っている」は本人の言葉そのまま、という違いです。どちらも、心の中を直接言い切る「佐藤さんは新しい車がほしいです」より、根拠がはっきりしていて自然です。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"grammar-callout grammar-callout--warning\">\u003Cp>「ほしがっています」では、希望する物を普通\u003Cstrong>を\u003C\u002Fstrong>で示します。「私は車がほしいです」と「佐藤さんは車をほしがっています」の助詞の違いに注意しましょう。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"section-6\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">6.\u003C\u002Fspan>六　たい・〜てほしいとの違い\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>ほしい\u003C\u002Fstrong>は物や名詞で表す対象、\u003Cstrong>たい\u003C\u002Fstrong>は自分がしたい行動を表します。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ctable>\n\u003Cthead>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Cth>希望するもの\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>形\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>例\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Fthead>\n\u003Ctbody>\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>物\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>名詞＋\u003Cstrong>がほしい\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>新しい靴がほしいです。\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>行動\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>動詞のます形＋\u003Cstrong>たい\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>新しい靴を買いたいです。\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003Cp>「新しい靴を買いたいです」のように、\u003Cstrong>たい\u003C\u002Fstrong>の前の物は\u003Cstrong>を\u003C\u002Fstrong>でも\u003Cstrong>が\u003C\u002Fstrong>でも示せます。「新しい靴を買いたいです」「新しい靴が買いたいです」はどちらも正しく、意味もほとんど同じです。教科書（きょうかしょ）によって、\u003Cstrong>を\u003C\u002Fstrong>を基本とする説明と\u003Cstrong>が\u003C\u002Fstrong>を基本とする説明があるので、両方覚えておきましょう。買いたい物を特に強調（きょうちょう）したいときは「が」がよく使われます。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>自分がする行動は動詞のます形＋\u003Cstrong>たい\u003C\u002Fstrong>で表します。人に何かをしてほしいときは、動詞のて形＋\u003Cstrong>ほしい\u003C\u002Fstrong>を使います。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>このとき、動作をする人は\u003Cstrong>に\u003C\u002Fstrong>で示します。\u003Cstrong>私は＋人に＋動詞のて形＋ほしいです\u003C\u002Fstrong>の形です。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ctable>\n\u003Cthead>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Cth>希望\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>形\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>例\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Fthead>\n\u003Ctbody>\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>自分がする行動\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>動詞のます形＋\u003Cstrong>たい\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>私は日本へ行きたいです。\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>人にしてほしいこと\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>動詞のて形＋\u003Cstrong>ほしい\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>先生にゆっくり話してほしいです。\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"grammar-callout grammar-callout--note\">\u003Cp>目上の人に「〜てほしいです」を直接言うと、要求のように聞こえることがあります。丁寧にお願いしたいときは、「〜ていただけますか」を使うことができます。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"section-7\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">7.\u003C\u002Fspan>七　望ましい\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>望ましい（のぞましい）\u003Cstrong>は、「そうだとよい」という意味の、少し硬い言葉です。A2では、自分で言うより、\u003Cstrong>学校のお知らせや説明文で見かける言葉\u003C\u002Fstrong>として覚えておけば十分です。自分の希望を言う\u003C\u002Fstrong>ほしい\u003C\u002Fstrong>とは使い方が違います。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ctable>\n\u003Cthead>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Cth>言葉\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>使う場面\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>例\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Fthead>\n\u003Ctbody>\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>ほしいです\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>会話で自分の希望を言う\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>私は新しい靴が\u003Cstrong>ほしいです\u003C\u002Fstrong>。\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>ことが望ましいです\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>お知らせや説明文で「したほうがよい」と言う\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>健康（けんこう）のためには、野菜（やさい）を食べることが\u003Cstrong>望ましいです\u003C\u002Fstrong>。\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003Cp>お知らせでは「動詞の辞書形＋ことが望ましいです」の形をよく見ます。見かけたときに意味が分かれば十分で、会話で同じことを言うときは「〜たほうがいいです」を使います。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"section-8\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">8.\u003C\u002Fspan>まとめ\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>ここでは、\u003Cstrong>ほしい\u003C\u002Fstrong>を使うときの大切な形と使い方をまとめます。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>希望する物は、基本的に\u003Cstrong>が\u003C\u002Fstrong>で示します。\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>否定は「ほしくないです」、過去は「ほしかったです」です。\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>自分の希望は述べられますが、第三者の希望には言葉や様子という根拠が必要です。\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>行動を言いたいときは、動詞のます形＋\u003Cstrong>たい\u003C\u002Fstrong>を使います。「を」も「が」も使えます。\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>人に何かをしてほしいときは、動詞のて形＋\u003Cstrong>ほしい\u003C\u002Fstrong>を使い、動作をする人は\u003Cstrong>に\u003C\u002Fstrong>で示します。\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>望ましい\u003C\u002Fstrong>は、お知らせや説明文で見かける硬い言葉です。会話では「〜たほうがいいです」を使います。\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>\n",[1437,1441,1445,1449,1453,1457,1461,1465],{"id":1438,"text":1439,"depth":16,"number":1440},"section","一　ほしい物を伝える","1",{"id":1442,"text":1443,"depth":16,"number":1444},"section-2","二　はとがの役割","2",{"id":1446,"text":1447,"depth":16,"number":1448},"section-3","三　形を変える","3",{"id":1450,"text":1451,"depth":16,"number":1452},"section-4","四　質問するときの丁寧さ","4",{"id":1454,"text":1455,"depth":16,"number":1456},"section-5","五　誰の希望かに注意する","5",{"id":1458,"text":1459,"depth":16,"number":1460},"section-6","六　たい・〜てほしいとの違い","6",{"id":1462,"text":1463,"depth":16,"number":1464},"section-7","七　望ましい","7",{"id":1466,"text":1467,"depth":16,"number":1468},"section-8","まとめ","8"]