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-koeru-jouken",235,{"id":1188,"title":1189,"slug":1190,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1191},"01a09a7b-ebb7-7992-8713-aa129d1a1e39","にせよ・にしろと複数の仮定","ni-seyo-ni-shiro-to-fukusuu-no-katei",236,{"id":1193,"title":1194,"slug":1195,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1196},"01a09a7b-ed56-70ab-b13a-5aa70401279e","とあってと特別な事情","to-atte-to-tokubetsu-na-jijou",237,{"id":1198,"title":1199,"slug":1200,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1201},"01a09a7b-ed4f-7f72-a3c0-702a69d8efb0","とあればと特別な前提","to-areba-to-tokubetsu-na-zentei",238,{"id":1203,"title":1204,"slug":1205,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1206},"01a09a7b-eb54-7172-83b8-212e0660b39b","なくしてと不可欠な条件","naku-shite-to-fukaketsu-na-jouken",239,{"id":1208,"title":1209,"slug":1210,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1211},"01a09a7b-ec33-76d7-820c-b54371c3b0aa","をもってと期限・手段の宣言","o-motte-to-kigen-shudan-no-sengen",240,{"id":1213,"title":1214,"slug":1215,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1216},"01a09a7b-ec27-7f99-bac3-4733b30f267a","を禁じ得ないと抑えられない感情","o-kinji-enai-to-osaerarenai-kanjou",241,{"id":1218,"title":1219,"slug":1220,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1221},"01a09a7b-ebc2-7a26-a6a8-811ef87212d3","に堪えないと感情の極み","ni-taenai-to-kanjou-no-kiwami",242,{"id":1223,"title":1224,"slug":1225,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1226},"01a09a7b-ea80-7f49-a05f-ee4b16fd6ff0","極まりない・極まると極端な評価","kiwamarinai-kiwamaru-to-kyokutan-na-hyouka",243,{"id":1228,"title":1229,"slug":1230,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1231},"01a09a7b-e8ef-7e0f-87a6-e0b7637d3dba","文中の時制と視点の移動","bunchuu-no-jisei-to-shiten-no-idou",244,{"id":1233,"title":1234,"slug":1235,"language":9,"level":1090,"displayOrder":1236},"01a09a7b-e9a1-7bd2-a6d1-a5a5d3080392","法令・論文・報道における文体の選択","hourei-ronbun-houdou-ni-okeru-buntai-no-sentaku",245,{"id":354,"title":355,"slug":356,"seoDescription":1238,"content":1239,"language":9,"level":211,"displayOrder":357,"grammarTopics":1240,"createdAt":1246,"updatedAt":1247,"vocabularyLists":1248,"primaryTopicHub":1249,"readyImages":1251},"動詞の辞書形にことができるを付け、身につけた能力や状況上の可能性、施設や規則による許可を丁寧に表す方法を学びます。できない・できましたへの変化、名詞化することと主語を示すがの役割、可能形との文体の違いを、技能や利用案内の具体例で確認し、誰に何が可能なのか丁寧かつ明確に伝えられます。","できる行動（こうどう）を丁寧（ていねい）に伝えるときは、動詞（どうし）の辞書形（じしょけい）に**ことができる**を付けます。身につけた能力（のうりょく）だけでなく、状況（じょうきょう）や規則（きそく）のために可能（かのう）なことも表せます。\n\n「こと」は前の動作を一つの事柄（ことがら）にし、「が」はその事柄を「できる」の主語（しゅご）として示します。\n\n## 一　基本の形\n\n形は「動詞の辞書形＋ことができます」です。丁寧な文では「できます」、普通形（ふつうけい）では「できる」を使います。\n\n| 動詞 | ことができるの形 | 例 |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| 泳（およ）ぐ | 泳ぐことができます | 私は千メートル泳ぐことができます。 |\n| 読む | 読むことができます | 妹（いもうと）は漢字（かんじ）を読むことができます。 |\n| 料理（りょうり）する | 料理することができます | 父（ちち）は料理することができます。 |\n\n:::example\n**どんなスポーツをすることができますか。**\n\nスキーをすることができます。でも、スケートはまだできません。\n:::\n\n## 二　助詞の役割\n\n行動の中にある目的語（もくてきご）は**を**で示し、行動全体を受ける助詞は**が**です。\n\n| 部分 | 働き | 例 |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| 漢字**を**読む | 「読む」の目的語を示す | 漢字を読む |\n| 読むこと**が**できる | 可能な事柄を示す | 読むことができる |\n\nそのため、「私は漢字**を**読むこと**が**できます」となります。話題を示す人には「は」を使うのが基本です。\n\n:::tip\n長い文でも、まず「漢字を読む」という行動を作り、その後ろに「ことができます」を付けると、助詞を選びやすくなります。\n:::\n\n### 名詞＋「ができる」\n\n活動（かつどう）や技能（ぎのう）を表す名詞には、**名詞＋ができます**も使えます。この形では「すること」を付けません。\n\n| 名詞の形 | 動詞の形 | 意味 |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| 日本語ができます。 | 日本語を話すことができます。 | 日本語を使える能力がある |\n| 料理ができます。 | 料理することができます。 | 料理を作れる |\n| 運転ができます。 | 運転することができます。 | 車を運転できる |\n\n## 三　三つの可能を表す\n\n「ことができる」は、何が理由で可能なのかによって三つの使い方があります。\n\n- **能力**：練習（れんしゅう）したので、速く泳ぐことができます。\n- **状況**：今日は時間があるので、手伝うことができます。\n- **許可（きょか）や規則**：この図書館（としょかん）では、三週間本を借りることができます。\n\n:::note\n許可を求める「てもいいですか」は、相手の判断を直接尋ねます。「ここで写真を撮（と）ることができますか」は、場所の規則や設備（せつび）について尋ねる響（ひび）きがあります。\n:::\n\n## 四　否定と過去\n\n時制（じせい）や肯定（こうてい）・否定（ひてい）は、最後の「できる」を変えて表します。前の動詞は辞書形のままです。\n\n| 意味 | 形 | 例 |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| 今、可能 | ことができます | この部屋を使うことができます。 |\n| 今、不可能 | ことができません | 今日はこの部屋を使うことができません。 |\n| 過去に可能だった | ことができました | 昨日はこの部屋を使うことができました。 |\n| 過去に不可能だった | ことができませんでした | 先週はこの部屋を使うことができませんでした。 |\n\n✓ **読むことができました**\n\n✗ **読んだことができました**\n\n前の動詞は辞書形のままで、過去形にはしません。\n\n## 五　可能形との違い\n\n「読むことができます」と可能形（かのうけい）の「読めます」は、どちらも読む能力や可能性を表せます。\n\n| 形 | 例 | 助詞の目安 |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| ことができる | この漢字**を**読むことができます。 | 行動の目的語の**を**を保つ |\n| 可能形 | この漢字**が**読めます。 | 読めるものには**が**が基本 |\n\n「ことができます」は少し長く、説明、案内（あんない）、改まった場面で使いやすい形です。「読めます」は短く、日常会話でよく使われます。可能形では、読めるもの・できるものに**が**を使うのが基本です。\n\n可能形は、動詞そのものを変えて作ります。\n\n| グループ | 変え方 | 例 |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| 第一グループ | 最後の音をエ段にして「る」を付ける | 読む → 読める、書く → 書ける |\n| 第二グループ | 「る」を取って「られる」を付ける | 食べる → 食べられる |\n| 第三グループ | 形を覚える | する → できる、来（く）る → 来（こ）られる |\n\n## 六　よくある間違いとまとめ\n\n:::warning\n「ことができる」の前は辞書形です。\n\n✓日本語を話す**ことができます**。\n\n✗日本語を話します**ことができます**。\n:::\n\n- 動詞の辞書形＋**ことができます**で、可能な行動を表します。\n- 能力、状況上の可能性、規則による許可に使えます。\n- 行動の目的語には「を」、名詞化した行動には「が」を使います。\n- 否定や過去は、最後の「できる」だけを変えます。\n- 説明や案内では、短い可能形より「ことができます」が使いやすい場合があります。",[1241],{"id":1242,"name":1243,"level":211,"language":9,"isCompleted":1244,"completionPercentage":1245,"totalExercises":36,"completedExercises":1245},"01a09c0e-9763-7798-938f-7fbaddb82345","能力を表す二つの形",false,0,"2026-09-13T11:16:47+00:00","2026-10-11T12:53:35+00:00",[],{"name":1243,"slug":1250,"language":9},"koto-ga-dekiru-to-nouryoku-a2",[],{"id":1242,"name":1243,"slug":1250,"language":9,"level":211,"introduction":1253,"lessonCount":16,"totalExercises":36,"objectives":1254,"prerequisites":1257,"lessons":1259},"この学習パスでは「「ことができる」で能力を表す」から「可能形の基本」へ進み、能力を表す二つの形を段階的に学びます。各課の形・意味・使い分けを結び付け、実際の文脈で選べる力を養います。",[1255,1256],"「「ことができる」で能力を表す」の形と働きを理解し、文脈に合わせて使える。","「可能形の基本」の形と働きを理解し、文脈に合わせて使える。",[1258],"A1の基本文型と、動詞・形容詞の基礎的な活用が分かる。",[1260,1275],{"id":354,"contentId":1261,"slug":356,"title":355,"level":211,"summary":1262,"order":11,"exercises":1263},"pg_164bf43a-1bc0-4c74-8327-78e4264f0da2","できる行動を丁寧に伝えるときは、動詞の辞書形にことができるを付けます。身につけた能力だけでなく、状況や規則のために可能なことも表せます。",[1264,1268,1271],{"id":1265,"title":1266,"order":1245,"type":1267},"01a09a7c-02d6-7aa5-a8d1-100b8f6dcb03","基本の形と三つの意味","word_select",{"id":1269,"title":1270,"order":11,"type":1267},"01a09a7c-02f2-7b1c-9a6f-40b29a98f361","できることを尋ねて案内する",{"id":1272,"title":1273,"order":16,"type":1274},"01a09a7c-030f-780e-8405-c7c9a79e204f","可能を表す文を組み立てる","sentence_builder",{"id":359,"contentId":1276,"slug":361,"title":360,"level":211,"summary":1277,"order":16,"exercises":1278},"pg_145b9a0f-4edf-4b13-8875-bdfbb4207b7a","可能形は、「する力がある」「その状況でできる」という意味を表す動詞の形です。 漢字が読めます や この店ではカードが使えます のように、能力と状況の両方に使えます。",[1279,1282,1285],{"id":1280,"title":1281,"order":1245,"type":1267},"01a09a7b-fd7e-76f9-a67c-15d899faa0dc","グループ別の可能形",{"id":1283,"title":1284,"order":11,"type":1267},"01a09a7b-fd96-7f2d-a874-09839f70d2e9","できることを伝える",{"id":1286,"title":1287,"order":16,"type":1288},"01a09a7b-fdae-7e64-b3eb-cc8731977ae0","可能形の作り方を分ける","word_sort",[1290,1296,1300],{"@id":1291,"@type":1292,"id":1265,"grammarPage":1293,"title":1266,"instructions":1294,"displayOrder":1245,"type":1267,"questionCount":76,"blankCount":96,"isCompleted":1244,"ogImageUrl":1295},"\u002Fapi\u002Fgrammar_exercises\u002F01a09a7c-02d6-7aa5-a8d1-100b8f6dcb03","GrammarExercise","\u002Fapi\u002Fgrammar_pages\u002F01a09a7b-eaa1-7ee3-91d6-739dcb2b0c64","「ことができる」の形、助詞、能力・状況・規則の意味を確認しましょう。","\u002Fuploads\u002Fimages\u002Fgpimg_b901980a-42b0-40b5-9ac6-4cbd17f829f0_hero.webp?v=1789298213",{"@id":1297,"@type":1292,"id":1269,"grammarPage":1293,"title":1270,"instructions":1298,"displayOrder":11,"type":1267,"questionCount":76,"blankCount":101,"isCompleted":1244,"ogImageUrl":1299},"\u002Fapi\u002Fgrammar_exercises\u002F01a09a7c-02f2-7b1c-9a6f-40b29a98f361","能力、当日の状況、施設の案内を読み、自然な質問や答えを選びましょう。","\u002Fuploads\u002Fimages\u002Fgpimg_03320e0c-fe08-413a-8a6a-4e732398733d_hero.webp?v=1789298213",{"@id":1301,"@type":1292,"id":1272,"grammarPage":1293,"title":1273,"instructions":1302,"displayOrder":16,"type":1274,"questionCount":56,"blankCount":56,"isCompleted":1244,"ogImageUrl":1303},"\u002Fapi\u002Fgrammar_exercises\u002F01a09a7c-030f-780e-8405-c7c9a79e204f","タイルを正しい順番に並べ、「ことができる」を使った文を完成させましょう。使わないタイルもあります。","\u002Fuploads\u002Fimages\u002Fgpimg_f4091473-dd09-47ed-bdca-33adce917b01_hero.webp?v=1789298213",{"id":1265,"grammarPage":1293,"title":1266,"instructions":1294,"seoTitle":1305,"seoDescription":1306,"displayOrder":1245,"type":1267,"questions":1307,"ogImageUrl":1295},"ことができる：基本の形と能力・状況・規則の意味","動詞の辞書形にことができますを付ける基本の形と、助詞が・をの正しい位置を確かめる選択問題です。個人の能力、その日の状況、施設の規則という三つの意味の違いも、例文の場面から区別します。丁寧形と普通形の切り替えも含め、自分や他の人ができることを正しい形で伝えるための基礎をしっかり整理します。",[1308],{"id":1309,"sentenceTemplate":1310,"displayOrder":1245,"explanation":1311,"exampleSentence":1312,"blanks":1313},"01a09a7c-02d6-7ce1-a8d1-100b9210d665","丁寧に可能な行動を伝える基本の形は__1__です。","動詞の辞書形に「ことができます」を続けます。","私は一人で家具を組み立てることができます。",[1314],{"id":1315,"blankNumber":11,"options":1316},"01a09a7c-02d6-7c85-a8d1-100b91ff16cc",[1317,1320,1324],{"id":1318,"optionText":1319,"isCorrect":1244,"displayOrder":1245},"01a09a7c-02d6-7bf9-a8d1-100b8fbd5feb","動詞のます形＋ことができます",{"id":1321,"optionText":1322,"isCorrect":1323,"displayOrder":11},"01a09a7c-02d6-7c39-a8d1-100b90b5375b","動詞の辞書形＋ことができます",true,{"id":1325,"optionText":1326,"isCorrect":1244,"displayOrder":16},"01a09a7c-02d6-7c65-a8d1-100b910cf342","動詞の過去形＋ことができます",{"html":1328,"toc":1329},"\u003Cp>できる行動（こうどう）を丁寧（ていねい）に伝えるときは、動詞（どうし）の辞書形（じしょけい）に\u003Cstrong>ことができる\u003C\u002Fstrong>を付けます。身につけた能力（のうりょく）だけでなく、状況（じょうきょう）や規則（きそく）のために可能（かのう）なことも表せます。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>「こと」は前の動作を一つの事柄（ことがら）にし、「が」はその事柄を「できる」の主語（しゅご）として示します。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"section\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">1.\u003C\u002Fspan>一　基本の形\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>形は「動詞の辞書形＋ことができます」です。丁寧な文では「できます」、普通形（ふつうけい）では「できる」を使います。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ctable>\n\u003Cthead>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Cth>動詞\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>ことができるの形\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>例\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Fthead>\n\u003Ctbody>\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>泳（およ）ぐ\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>泳ぐことができます\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>私は千メートル泳ぐことができます。\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>読む\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>読むことができます\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>妹（いもうと）は漢字（かんじ）を読むことができます。\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>料理（りょうり）する\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>料理することができます\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>父（ちち）は料理することができます。\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"grammar-callout grammar-callout--example\">\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>どんなスポーツをすることができますか。\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>スキーをすることができます。でも、スケートはまだできません。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"section-2\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">2.\u003C\u002Fspan>二　助詞の役割\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>行動の中にある目的語（もくてきご）は\u003Cstrong>を\u003C\u002Fstrong>で示し、行動全体を受ける助詞は\u003Cstrong>が\u003C\u002Fstrong>です。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ctable>\n\u003Cthead>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Cth>部分\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>働き\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>例\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Fthead>\n\u003Ctbody>\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>漢字\u003Cstrong>を\u003C\u002Fstrong>読む\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>「読む」の目的語を示す\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>漢字を読む\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>読むこと\u003Cstrong>が\u003C\u002Fstrong>できる\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>可能な事柄を示す\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>読むことができる\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003Cp>そのため、「私は漢字\u003Cstrong>を\u003C\u002Fstrong>読むこと\u003Cstrong>が\u003C\u002Fstrong>できます」となります。話題を示す人には「は」を使うのが基本です。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"grammar-callout grammar-callout--tip\">\u003Cp>長い文でも、まず「漢字を読む」という行動を作り、その後ろに「ことができます」を付けると、助詞を選びやすくなります。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Ch3 id=\"section-3\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">2.1\u003C\u002Fspan>名詞＋「ができる」\u003C\u002Fh3>\n\u003Cp>活動（かつどう）や技能（ぎのう）を表す名詞には、\u003Cstrong>名詞＋ができます\u003C\u002Fstrong>も使えます。この形では「すること」を付けません。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ctable>\n\u003Cthead>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Cth>名詞の形\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>動詞の形\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>意味\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Fthead>\n\u003Ctbody>\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>日本語ができます。\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>日本語を話すことができます。\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>日本語を使える能力がある\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>料理ができます。\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>料理することができます。\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>料理を作れる\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>運転ができます。\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>運転することができます。\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>車を運転できる\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"section-4\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">3.\u003C\u002Fspan>三　三つの可能を表す\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>「ことができる」は、何が理由で可能なのかによって三つの使い方があります。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>能力\u003C\u002Fstrong>：練習（れんしゅう）したので、速く泳ぐことができます。\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>状況\u003C\u002Fstrong>：今日は時間があるので、手伝うことができます。\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>許可（きょか）や規則\u003C\u002Fstrong>：この図書館（としょかん）では、三週間本を借りることができます。\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"grammar-callout grammar-callout--note\">\u003Cp>許可を求める「てもいいですか」は、相手の判断を直接尋ねます。「ここで写真を撮（と）ることができますか」は、場所の規則や設備（せつび）について尋ねる響（ひび）きがあります。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"section-5\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">4.\u003C\u002Fspan>四　否定と過去\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>時制（じせい）や肯定（こうてい）・否定（ひてい）は、最後の「できる」を変えて表します。前の動詞は辞書形のままです。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ctable>\n\u003Cthead>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Cth>意味\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>形\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>例\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Fthead>\n\u003Ctbody>\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>今、可能\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>ことができます\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>この部屋を使うことができます。\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>今、不可能\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>ことができません\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>今日はこの部屋を使うことができません。\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>過去に可能だった\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>ことができました\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>昨日はこの部屋を使うことができました。\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>過去に不可能だった\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>ことができませんでした\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>先週はこの部屋を使うことができませんでした。\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003Cp>✓ \u003Cstrong>読むことができました\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>✗ \u003Cstrong>読んだことができました\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>前の動詞は辞書形のままで、過去形にはしません。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"section-6\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">5.\u003C\u002Fspan>五　可能形との違い\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>「読むことができます」と可能形（かのうけい）の「読めます」は、どちらも読む能力や可能性を表せます。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ctable>\n\u003Cthead>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Cth>形\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>例\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>助詞の目安\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Fthead>\n\u003Ctbody>\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>ことができる\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>この漢字\u003Cstrong>を\u003C\u002Fstrong>読むことができます。\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>行動の目的語の\u003Cstrong>を\u003C\u002Fstrong>を保つ\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>可能形\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>この漢字\u003Cstrong>が\u003C\u002Fstrong>読めます。\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>読めるものには\u003Cstrong>が\u003C\u002Fstrong>が基本\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003Cp>「ことができます」は少し長く、説明、案内（あんない）、改まった場面で使いやすい形です。「読めます」は短く、日常会話でよく使われます。可能形では、読めるもの・できるものに\u003Cstrong>が\u003C\u002Fstrong>を使うのが基本です。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>可能形は、動詞そのものを変えて作ります。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ctable>\n\u003Cthead>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Cth>グループ\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>変え方\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>例\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Fthead>\n\u003Ctbody>\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>第一グループ\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>最後の音をエ段にして「る」を付ける\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>読む → 読める、書く → 書ける\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>第二グループ\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>「る」を取って「られる」を付ける\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>食べる → 食べられる\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>第三グループ\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>形を覚える\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>する → できる、来（く）る → 来（こ）られる\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"section-7\">\u003Cspan class=\"section-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">6.\u003C\u002Fspan>六　よくある間違いとまとめ\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"grammar-callout grammar-callout--warning\">\u003Cp>「ことができる」の前は辞書形です。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>✓日本語を話す\u003Cstrong>ことができます\u003C\u002Fstrong>。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>✗日本語を話します\u003Cstrong>ことができます\u003C\u002Fstrong>。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>動詞の辞書形＋\u003Cstrong>ことができます\u003C\u002Fstrong>で、可能な行動を表します。\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>能力、状況上の可能性、規則による許可に使えます。\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>行動の目的語には「を」、名詞化した行動には「が」を使います。\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>否定や過去は、最後の「できる」だけを変えます。\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>説明や案内では、短い可能形より「ことができます」が使いやすい場合があります。\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>\n",[1330,1334,1338,1342,1346,1350,1354],{"id":1331,"text":1332,"depth":16,"number":1333},"section","一　基本の形","1",{"id":1335,"text":1336,"depth":16,"number":1337},"section-2","二　助詞の役割","2",{"id":1339,"text":1340,"depth":21,"number":1341},"section-3","名詞＋「ができる」","2.1",{"id":1343,"text":1344,"depth":16,"number":1345},"section-4","三　三つの可能を表す","3",{"id":1347,"text":1348,"depth":16,"number":1349},"section-5","四　否定と過去","4",{"id":1351,"text":1352,"depth":16,"number":1353},"section-6","五　可能形との違い","5",{"id":1355,"text":1356,"depth":16,"number":1357},"section-7","六　よくある間違いとまとめ","6"]