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電車（でんしゃ）に乗（の）ります | 切符（きっぷ）を買（か）います | 電車に乗る**前に**、切符を買います。 |\n\n:::tip\n「前に」の前では、まだその動作が終（お）わっていないので、辞書形を使うと覚（おぼ）えましょう。\n:::\n\n## 2. 「タ形＋後で」\n\nある動作が終わってからすることは、**動詞のタ形（けい）＋後で** で表します。\n\n- 仕事（しごと）が終わった**後で**、友達（ともだち）に会（あ）います。\n- シャワーを浴（あ）びた**後で**、夕食（ゆうしょく）を作（つく）ります。\n- 宿題（しゅくだい）をした**後で**、ゲームをします。\n\n:::example\n**駅（えき）に着（つ）いた後で、家族（かぞく）に電話（でんわ）しました。**\n\n駅に着く動作が先、電話する動作が後です。\n:::\n\n## 3. 名詞には「の」を付ける\n\n動詞ではなく名詞（めいし）を使うときは、**名詞＋の＋前に／後で** の形にします。\n\n| 名詞 | 前に | 後で |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| 授業（じゅぎょう） | 授業**の前に**質問（しつもん）します。 | 授業**の後で**復習（ふくしゅう）します。 |\n| 昼（ひる）ごはん | 昼ごはん**の前に**散歩（さんぽ）します。 | 昼ごはん**の後で**休（やす）みます。 |\n| 会議（かいぎ） | 会議**の前に**資料（しりょう）を読みます。 | 会議**の後で**メールを送（おく）ります。 |\n\n「名詞前に」「名詞後で」のように、「の」を省（はぶ）きません。\n\n## 4. 主文（しゅぶん）の時制（じせい）\n\n文全体の現在（げんざい）・未来（みらい）・過去（かこ）は、最後の動詞で示します。「前に」の前は辞書形、「後で」の前はタ形のままです。\n\n| 文全体の時 | 例（れい） |\n| --- | --- |\n| 習慣（しゅうかん） | 寝る前に、本（ほん）を読み**ます**。 |\n| これから | 帰（かえ）った後で、買い物をし**ます**。 |\n| 過去 | 出かける前に、窓（まど）を閉（し）め**ました**。 |\n| 過去 | 帰った後で、すぐ寝**ました**。 |\n\n:::note\n過去の話でも **出かけた前に** ではなく **出かける前に** です。前後の関係と、文全体の時制を分けて考（かんが）えます。\n:::\n\n## 5. 二つの形を選（えら）ぶ\n\n基準（きじゅん）になる動作と、言いたい動作の順番を見ます。\n\n1. 基準の動作より先なら **辞書形＋前に** を使います。\n2. 基準の動作が終わってからなら **タ形＋後で** を使います。\n3. 最後の動詞で、文全体の時を決（き）めます。\n\n:::example\n**映画（えいが）を見る前に、食事（しょくじ）をしました。**\n\n食事が先です。\n\n**映画を見た後で、お茶（ちゃ）を飲みました。**\n\n映画が先です。\n:::\n\n## 6. よくある誤（あやま）り\n\n:::warning\n「前に」と「後で」の前の動詞の形を逆（ぎゃく）にしません。\n\n- ✓ 家（いえ）を出る**前に**、電気（でんき）を消（け）します。\n- ✗ 家を出た**前に**、電気を消します。\n- ✓ 家に帰った**後で**、着替（きが）えます。\n- ✗ 家に帰る**後で**、着替えます。\n:::\n\n**辞書形＋前に** と **タ形＋後で** 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